Amafagugu esizwe: Kasikhumbuzane umlando sicabe imvomva
USol uNxumalo ngungoti wolimi nomhlali wezincwadi ezahlukene.
Kuhle ukuthi ukugujwa kwamafagugu esizwe kubekelwe inyanga yonke kaMandulo ukuba kwenziwe ngayo. Sisuke sinikwa isikhathi sokuhlela, sokukhuthaza nesokuqoqa sibeke ngononina lokho esifisa ukukuqhakambisa ngalowo nyaka kumafagugu esizwe. Ngamafagugu siqonde konke empilweni yethu okuphathelene nolimi esilukhulumayo nakho konke esikwazi ukukwenza ngalo, (ukwetha izinto amagama, ukuqamba izisho nezaga, izibongo nezinkondlo, ukucula, amakhwela esikwazi ukuwashaya) yizimpahla esizibumbayo, siziqophe, sizidwebe, sizakhe, sizikhande (njengemikhonto, izizenza, izingxotha), sizigwede (izingqoko, amathunga, izinkezo), sizeluke (amacansi, izithebe, izihlandla) sizibethe (njengamagekle, izitolotolo, izimfengwane, izimpalampala, imboma), sizishaye (izigubhu), sizibumbe (njengezimbiza, izinkamba, izinkomo zokudlala, imifanekiso). Amafagugu futhi asho izisekelo esizithathe kokhokho nokhokho bokhokho ngokuphathelene nokuphilisana okulawulwa yinhlonipho, ukuthobeka, ukwethembeka, ubuqotho, ubuqhawe, ukwazi umuntu omdala, ukwazi uMvelinqangi.
UmZulu wakuqala wayengangeni endabeni yokuthi uNkulunkulu ungophezulu noma ongophakeme kunazo zonke izidalwa. UmZulu wayethi phela uNkulunkulu akadalwanga, ngakho akamuse ukuqhathaniswa nabadalwa. Uma umZulu esethe uMvelinqangi akusekho okungale mayelana nokuthi uNkulunkulu ungubani. Wavela kuqala. Ekuqaleni kokuqala futhi unguSonini nanini.
Kwathi lapho uHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika owawusuvotelwa nguwonkewonke usukhiphe iShaka Day ohlwini lwebhili yamaholidi, i-Inkatha Freedom Party yema ngezinyawo ithi leli holidi lisemqoka. Kwabe sekuvunyelwana ngokuthi isicelo sayo seShaka Day singahlangatshezwa ngokuba kube nosuku lapho abantu baseNingizimu Afrika balo lonke uhlobo losikompilo nezinkolo bahlangane bagubhe amafagugu abo ehlukene.
Kube sekuthi-ke kamumva kwase kuba nomkhuba wokosiwa okuthiwa ngamabhrayi ngalolu suku. Cha ushisanyama akakwazi ukuba umgubho wamafagugu. Yebo emva kokuba kwenziwe okuthile okuwukugubha, ukuhlonipha ukufundisana, ukwakhana, okubukisisa umbonotalagu wesizwe namafagugu aso, sekungabuswa. Noma umuntu engeke aphoqe muntu kodwa ngosuku lwamafagugu kuhle ukwenza izinto zosiko nemikhuba yesizwe njengakho ukudla okufana nokubilisiwe, okuphuma ngezithebe ezingqokweni, utshwala besiZulu, amahewu, inqeke, intshaqane (isithwalaphishi), ujeqe, amasi, ifutho, idokwe lamabele, umbhaqanga, umkhwili.
Ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuhlala duzane nezinye izizwe, umpe, uju, ingono yamafagugu ethu, iyathikamezeka. Ngakho isikhathi sokugubha amafagugu esizwe besifanele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhumbuzana okuningi okuyisabelo sethu sasezulwini noma angaziba athini lowo osewake wabhala ngathi noma wakholwa yinto ebhedayo ngathi beNguni, ngathi maZulu, ngathi baTsonga, ngathi maXhosa, ngathi beTswana, ngathi maSwazi, ngathi baVenda.
Uma umuntu eqala ukuthakasela lolu suku untula amagama anohlonze nalolongekile angachaza ngawo ubumtoti bokuba namafagugu omsuka wakhe. Ziningi izizwe eziphoqwa ukugubha amagugumafa ezizwe azinqoba. Nathi sesake sadlula lapho. Ngowe-1947 kufike uKing George VI eNingizimu Afrika sasicula igama lesizwe samaNgisi elithi: ‘God Save The Queen’ okuwukuthi: UNkulunkulu makabusise indlovukazi. Sasivele sihlatsheleliswa lona kodwa kulokhu savivinywa kakhulu ukuze senze kahle phambi kwenkosi yase-England. Umqambi walo akaziwa kodwa lemukelwa njengeculo lesizwe samaNgisi ngowe-1745 kuMandulo. Kwakubusa iNkosi uGeorge (1727-1760).
Amagama athi: ‘Phila isikhathi eside Ndlovukazi yethu kanokusho, Nkulunkulu busisa iNdlovukazi, ithumelele ukunqoba, kube nokujabula nenkazimulo, usibuse kuze kube kade, Nkulunkulu busisa iNdlovukazi’. Sasilicula kuze kube sengathi wonke lawa magama akuleli culo aliqiniso, siyafisa, ngaphandle kwawo ngeke sibe lutho. Sasitshelwa futhi sinethemba lokuthi iNdlovukazi iyasithanda, inoxolo, inobulungiswa, bonke abenza okubi bangacetshwa kuyo. Leli culo laculwa kusukela umbuso waze wathathwa ngamaBhunu ngowe-1948. Kwase kuqala uDie Stem van Suid Afrika kuya kowe-1994, kuyilona elisemthethweni. Kanti ababeqalele ukufaka umbuso wobukoloni kwakuyiNetherlands eyayinomdlwembe uJan van Riebeeck owayekade enze ukungathembeki kwelakubo wazothi futhalala eKapa, wahlukumeza amaHiligwa naBathwa.
ElamaBhunu-ke lalinalawa magama: Die Stem (Izwi laseNingizimu Afrika). “Uit die blou van onse hemel, (ebuluhlazeni besibhakabhaka) uit die diepte van onse see (kutotololo lolwandle lwethu) Let us live and strive for freedom in South Africa our land – (Kasihlale sizabalazela inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika izwe lethu). Kangisho lutho, ngithi nje inyanga yamafagugu esizwe isinika ithuba lokuhlaziya konke lokhu. Okokugcina mayelana nehubo lesizwe, ukuxuba amabinza aphuma kuNkosi Sikelel’ i-Afrika nalawo magama aqanjwa ngu-Enock Sontonga egqashulwa wugqozi lobu-Afrika. Iqiniso ukuthi izinhlamvu ezazihutshwa ngumAfrika zaziphelekezela ukufutha kwezinyembezi ngokwehlukile kwalezo ezifutha kulowo owaqamba uDie Stem, elaqanjwa nguCJ Langehoven nesake saculiswa wona ngenkani ngabaholi abasebelwa nabakhululi bezwe labo kodwa izingane zabo ezazikuyo ingabadi yazo, ziphelekezele, ngokucula, abaphangi bezwe bethi bayolizabalazela izwe lethu iNingizimu Afrika.
Mhlawumbe iculo lesizwe liyobuye lizimele libe wubu-Afrika lingakhuthazeleli ukuthi kufakwe amagama nesigqi okungesona esethu esiphokophelele ukuhlanganisa ezinye zezinhlanga ezingazange zona zizifake izinhlamvu zikaNkosi Sikelel’ i-Afrika zisasibusa.
Kuthi lapho sesizibuka silingisa uthekwane, sizisole ngalokho esisuke sesiphambuke kumafagugu ethu ngakho, sakwenza. Salithola ithuba lokuzixilonga mhla kwembulwa itshe leSilo uShaka kwaDukuza ngowe-1954. Noma siyakhuluma sikhulumela uMntwana uMG Buthelezi noMntwana omkhulu omzalayo uMagogo, ababonisana ukuthi kufanele kucelwe iSilo sakwaKhethomthandayo uBhekuzulu ukuba abekwe kwaDukuza, itshe edlinzeni likakhokho wakhe uShaka kaSishayeki, iLembe eleqa amanye amalembe. Kumhla uMntwana wakwaPhindangene ebekwa yiSilo sakwaKhetha ukuba abe nguNdunankulu waso ngoba nguyena owacelwa ukuba ameme abaNtwana baseNdlunkulu ababikele. Nguyena futhi owathweswa umsebenzi wokuhlela zonke izinto, wamema isizwe sonke, waze wasilungiselela imvunulo yaso yangalolo lusuku.
Ezinye izizwe kazivamisile ukuneseka noma ukunenamela uma nigubha amafagugu enu ikakhulukazi uma kade enibukela phansi noma efunde imibhalo eminingi enijivazayo. Kayikhulunywa uma kade enigqilazile. Abanye bebandla laseSheshi, kukho konke ukuhlonipheka kwalo ikakhulukazi ngenxa kaSobaba uJohn William Colenso, bamsola uSobaba u-AH Zulu ngokuhola abefundisi abavula itshe balibusisa. Bathi angalivula alibusise kanjani idlinza leNkosi eyayingakholwa, ingabhabhadisiwe futhi eyabulala abantu abaningi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Kuyintokozo kithi ukuqopha ukuthi ngowe-1994 emva kokuba sewugujwe iminyaka engama-40 uMkhosi kaShaka, kugqugquzelwa amafagugu kaZulu, kwathi lapho iqembu i-IFP lethula ukuba kube nosuku lwamafagugu kwavunyelwana.
UMntwana wamemezela ukuthi koba kuhle uZulu avunule. Singasho ukuthi nabaningi aBantwana baseNdlunkulu ngaleso sikhathi base bedla amasudi nezamakhosana aphesheya. Abaningi babengakaze bawalinganise amabheshu. Babeyithandela kude imvunulo. Izikole namasonto babegcizelele kakhulu ukuthi amabheshu nezidwaba kakushiywe phansi abantu babhabhadiswe, basonte, baye ezikoleni. Kukhona nakwamanye amadolobha lapho umuntu wayeboshwa noma asikazwe ngokuboshwa uma ebhince ibheshu edolobheni. Umuntu owayeshayela imoto wayengavunyelwe ukubhinca ibheshu ngoba kwakuthiwa uzophenyela omesisi izinqe lapho esehlala esihlalweni semoto njengoba kungahlalwa phezu kwalo. Umuntu obhince ibheshu wayengawutholi umsebenzi. Izingane ezazinamagama esiZulu kuphela zazethiwa awesilungu. Ezweni lobabamkhulu, amafagugu abo kuthiwe kawashiywe phansi, izidlodlo zabo zidliwe ngumvunya, siphophothwa ekhanda ngabangasoze basemukele kolwabo usiko noma sebethanda kangakanani ukuzenzisa. Abanye babuye bakubona lokho bazibhincela.
Indaba yokuhlukumeza amafagugu yaze yangena ngisho kwezombusazwe. Kukhona abantu ababulawelwa ukuthi bafake iziphandla noma bavunule.
Noma siyakhuluma yibandla lakwaShembe elalilokhu likhumbuze owoHlanga ukuthi waphumaphi, noma uyakholwa ebandleni lakhona, noma akakholwa, kodwa laliyincwadi evuliwe nonembeza wabomdabu ukuthi umthombo wabo wawulapha. Sisho ngokuvunula kwabo.
Baningi abanikele kakhulu kumafagugu ethu. Ngingathatha abathathu nje, uMntwana uMagogo Buthelezi ngogubhu namahubo akhe angcwengankathi zonke. Kube nguDkt uGcina Mhlophe ngokuthandekisa izinganekwane, ukuziqamba nokuzetha, ukuthandekisa ubuciko bomlomo nokugqugquzela ubuhle obuzikile obuyivelakancane emasikweni ethu njengokungabi nanxa namuntu kube nenhlanzeko emoyeni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kudalwa ukuba namagugu afukamele wonke umuntu okungagugunjwa nawo ngoba ubuntu kabuvumi. Usanda kuqhakambisa isidingo sokufundiswa ngokwabiwa kwezithebe nangempahla ephakelwa kuyo nezizathu zalokho – okunye kwakho okunezinkulungwane zeminyaka kwaba khona. USolwazi uMazisi Kunene phezu kwemiqingo ayibhala ngeLembe ngobunkondlo nangobumbongi, wabhala konke ngesiZulu kuqala kade kuhunyushelwe kwezinye izilimi. Ungowokuqala engimaziyo osaqambe izisho nezaga wazishicilela, kanti esinazo ngaphambi kwalokho beziwumsebenzi wesizwe eqongeleleke iminyaka eminingi.
Kuningi okufanele sikhumbuzane ngakho ngalesi sikhathi. Izibonelo eziyingcosana. Kusemqoka kakhulu ukuthi sazi ukuthi uZulu akakaze ayenze into okuthiwa ukukhonza idlozi. Manje le nkulumo ikhona ngisho emabhukwini abhalwe ngamaZulu nabefundisi bayashumayela ngayo bayibhale nasezintshumayelweni bekhuza ukuba kuyekwe ukukhonza amadlozi. Bathi umkhuba wamaZulu. Kawekho amaZulu ake akhonza idlozi. UZulu engimaziyo othetha idlozi uma efisa ukulithetha. Lokhu kuphambanisa ulimi kuze kufike lapho sekungakholwa yinto okungeyona yishwa elimangalisayo. Ngeke ngifinyelele ekutheni kwakhona ukulithetha lokho wukwenze njani.
Okunye wukuthi ilobolo liyakhokhwa. Lokhu phela kuphenyela ukuba kugqanyiswe amampunge athi ukulobola ukuthengisa umuntu. Okucishe kusondele ukuthi liyakhishwa noma izinkomo zelobolo ziyalethwa. Okuyikho ngqo ukuthi kuyalotsholwa, kube yisenzo hhayi ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi ilobolo zinkomo kuphela. Umqondo nomuzwa welobolo usukela umfana ehlebela ugogo, unina, umalume, ubabezala ukuthi usefisa kuyobikelwa uyise ukuthi usefisa ukuthathela unina umsizi. Ngakho nangesilungu ungasho ukuthi ukhokhe ilobolo ubothi “lobolad” ngoba kawukho lo mqondo ngesilungu, siyisigece kulokhu.
Kasigcine ngendaba yobumqoka bomuntu wesifazane senze nje isibonelo esisodwa. Uma ingane kade igangile, izoshaywa kuthiwe, “Mbambeni”, igijime ingene kwagogo, kayiphinde ithintwe noma nje ikhulunyiswe ngaleyo ndaba ngisho ngabe belilikhulu kangakananani icala layo. Uma umuntu ezoshisa impepho noma ezokwenza okusemqoka mayelana nabangasekho, ulala kwagogo.