Umhlaba ulwa nesitha esidla fumuka sidle silaza


Ngempelasonto esiphuma kuyo umhlaba wonke ubusesiweni sokujula ngesitha esinganqobeki. Lesi sitha sesigadle kakhulu nokuthi ngisho kunemizamo lapho isintu sithi siyazivikela kepha kube nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ongoti bathi umvikeli omkhulu kulesi sifo ngumuntu uqobo lwakhe.
Ngokusho kwenhlangano i-Avert kubalelwa ebantwini abayizigidi ezingama-37,9 abaphila negciwane lengculazi emhlabeni kuthi khona lapho bangama phesenti angama-21 kuphela abaziyo isimo sabo. INingizimu Afrika yilona lizwe elihamba phambili ngokunyusa isibalo sabantu abanengculazi njengoba kunamaphesenti angama-20 aphuma kuleli lizwe, Lokho okuchaza ukuthi eNingizimu Afrika esibalweni sonke sezwe sabantu kunamaphesenti ali-13 abantu abanalesi sifo sengculazi. Ngonyaka wezi-2018 kwatheleleka abantu abazi-240,000 kwathi abayizi-71,000 eNingizimu Afrika babhubha bebulawa izifo ezihlobene nesandulelangculaza.
INingizimu Afrika inohlelo olukhulu lezi dodobalisigciwane (ARV) emhlabeni jikelele futhi le mizamo ixhaswe kakhulu ngezimali zalo izwe uqobo. Ngonyaka wezi-2015 iNingizimu Afrika yatshala imali engange izigidi eziyi-$1,34 (R196 692 800 000, 00). Lolu hlelo lukhombise impumelelo njengoba kwavela ukwanda kwesilinganiso sempilo sezwe sikhuphuka sisuka eminyakeni engama-61 ngonyaka wezi-2010 safinyelela eminyakeni engama-68 ngonyaka wezi-2015.
Ukudlanga kwesifo sengculazo kuhlezi kuphakeme (20,4%), yize kuyehluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda ngokwesibonelo ukubhebhetheka kwengculazi kucishe kube ngamaphesenti ali-12,2 Kwazulu-Natal uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti ayisi-6,8 kanye nayisi-5,6 aseNorthern Cape kanye naseWestern Cape ngokulandelana.
Abantu abaningi abaphila nalesi sifo sengculazi batholakala emazweni aneminotho ephakathi nendawo kanye nentekenteke, kanti balinganiselwa emaphesentini angama-68 abantu abahlala eSub-Saharan Africa abanalesi sifo.
Abantu abazijovayo uma bedla izidakamizwa Imininingwane yokwanda kwegciwane lengculazi kubantu abazijova ngezidakamizwa lapha eNingizimu Afrika lincane kakhulu. Ngonyaka wezi-2016 babalelwa kumaphesenti ali-17 abantu abazijova ngezidakamizwa babephila nengculazi, kodwa-ke abantu abazijova ngezidakamizwa babalwa njengephesenti elilodwa uma kubalwa ukutheleleka kwabantu okusha eNingizimu Afrika.
Ucwaningo lwangonyaka wezi- 2016 lwathola ukuthi abantu abazijova ngezidakamizwa emadolobheni amahlanu aseNingizimu Afrika amadoda ami kumaphesenti angama-32 abesifazane babe ngamaphesenti angama-26 abahlezi bebolekisana ngemijovo. Okunye okwavela ngukuthi laba abasuke bezijove ngezidakamizwa bagcina sebezibandakanya ocansini olungaphephile uma sebehlangne nezidakamizwa.
Izingane nezintandane Ngonyaka wezi-2017 zilinganiselwa ukuthi zingama- 280,000 izingane (kusuka izalwa kuya kwezine-14) ezaziphila negciwane lengculazi kodwa kuzo kwakulashwa ezingamaphesenti angama-58.
Ukutheleleka ezinganeni okusha kunciphile eNingizimui Afrika kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-25 ngonyaka wezi-2010 laya ezinkulungwaneni ezili-13 ngonyaka wezi-217. Lokhu kwenziwa impumelelo yohlelo okuthiwa ukuvimbela ukusuleleka kosana ngunina (Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission [PMTCT]) lapho kuvikelwa khona izinsana ezizalwa ngomama abanegciwane lengculazi ukuthi zingalitholi leli gciwane. Izinga lokusuleleka ngegciwane lengculazi ezinganeni limi kumaphesenti ali-1,3 ngonyaka wezi-2017 lehle lisuka kumaphesenti ama-3,6 ngonyaka wezi- 2016. Okubeka ngokucacile ukuthi impi yokudluliselwa kwalesi sifo ezinganeni iyanqobeka eNigizimu Afrika.
ENingizimu Afrika zingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili izingane eziyizintandane ngenxa yengculazi nesandulela ngculazi. Izintandane zisengozini enkulu yokuthola igciwane lengculazi ngenxa yesimo somnotho nenhlalo ezihlala phansi kwayo. Izingane eziyintandane zivame ukuzithola seziphoqeleka ukuya ocansini, noma ziziyele zona ocansini ukuze zizothola ukwesekwa ngokomnotho futhi zivame ukuya ocansini ngaphambi kwezinye izingane.
Abesifazane namantombazane asakhula
Ukudlanga kwegciwane lengculazi kubantu besifazane abasebancane eNingizimu Afrika kuphindeka kane uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abalingana nabo. Abesifazane abasebasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kweli-15 nengama-24 bakha amaphesenti angama-37 kwabantu abathola leli gciwane ngonyaka wezi-2016. Ukuzama ukwehlisa leli zinga eliphakeme lokutheleleka kwabesifazane abasebasha namantombazane asakhula abathathwa njengabasengcupheni enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane sebenikezwa lokhu okuthiwa iPre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), lokhu kungamaphilisi anikwa abangenalo igciwane lengculazi ukuze bavikeleke bangalitholi.
Ubuphofu nodlame lobulili konke kubalwa njengezizathu zokwanda kwegciwane lengculazi phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Udlame lobulili lukhombise ukuba isizathu esikhulu njengoba abesifazane abasakhula nathola lesi sifo babalelwa kumaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-25.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabesilisa abadala kanye nabesifazane abasebasha nakho kubonakala njengesizathu sokwanda noma kokuqhubeka kwaleli gciwane. Ngowezi-2016, uHulumeni wethula umkhankaso kazwelonke wokuzama ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yezempilo yabantu besifazane. Umkhankaso obizwa nge“She Conquers” ugxile ekunciphiseni ukukhulelwa kwentsha, ukulwa nodlame lobulili, ukugcina amantombazane ezikoleni nokwandisa amathuba ezomnotho kwabesifazane abasebasha. Zonke lezi zinto zivikela abesifazane ukuthi bangangeni kulo mjikelezo wokudluliselana kwegciwane lengculazi.
Imfundo ngegciwane lengculazi Ucwaningo lwamuva nje luthole ukuthi bangama phesenti angama-59 kuphela abantu abasha baseNingizimu Afrika abanolwazi oluphelele lwezindlela zokuzivikela egciwaneni lengculazi (eSwatini kubalwa amaphesenti angama-85). Zingamaphesenti ama-5 kuphela izikole ezazinikezela ngemfundo ebanzi yezocansi eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka wezi-2016, kepha eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo uHulumeni uzibophezele ukukhuphula lesi sibalo siye kumaphesenti angama-50 ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sibonakala sidlangile.
Izithiyo ekuhlinzekeni ngemfundo ebanzi yezocansi ezikoleni ifaka amanani aphezulu okuyeka isikole kwabafundi, ukushoda noma ukungabi khona koqeqesho lothisha mayelana nalesi sifundo kanye nezinkolo noma izinkulumo ezithi lesi sifundo sibucayi kakhulu.