Izinkantolo zinayo indlela yokusebenzisa ubuntu ezinqumweni ezizithathayo
UMthethosisekelo wesikhashana waseNingizimu Afrika esanduleleni sawo wawuthi “Ukwamukelwa kwalo Mthethosisekelo kubeka isisekelo esivikelekile kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukweqa ukuhlukana kanye nemibango yangesikhathi esedlule, eyadala ukwephulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu, ukwephulwa kwezimiso zobuntu, ezinodlame kanye nefa lenzondo, ukwesaba, icala nokuziphindiselela.
Lokhu manje kungabhekwana nesisekelo sokuthi kunesidingo sokuqonda kodwa hhayi esokuziphindisela, isidingo sokunxeshezelwa, kodwa hhayi udlame, isidingo sobuntu kodwa hhayi sokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuhlukumezana.”
Njengoba izinkantolo zethu ziminyene kangaka ngamacala odlame nalo lolu lwasekhaya, kuyekwaba nesidingo sokuthi kufunwe kwezinye izixazululo zezingxabano njengokuxoxisana nokuthi abantu babuyisane, izindlela, kanye nezithangami kwanda, imithombo ejulile yobuntu, evunywe izinkantolo zethu eziphakeme, inikeza okufanele zamukelwe ngabasebenzi bezomthetho.
Amagugu abantu ahlanganisa izimiso zobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle ezifana nokulingana, kukhuthazwa amathuba alinganayo), ukulingana (ukukhuthaza ukuthembela komunye nomunye) kanye nokungenzeleli (kuletha ukwabelana ngokulinganayo kwezinsiza ukuze wonke amalungu asinde).
I-Afrika nobuntu
Ifilosofi yobuntu base-Afrika ikhonjiswa ngozwelo, lapho abantu bezwakalisa umuzwa wokunakekelana nokuqondana okujulile. Indlela yobuntu ivumela amalungu eqembu ukuthi alwele ukuba nokunakekela, ukuqonda kanye nokwabelana. Ubuntu kusho ukuzidela ngenxa yabanye ngokuzinikela, ukunakekela nokuvikela abantu bakini.
Ukusebenzisa ubuntu emsebenzini akuqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ubuntu: Ukubumba indawo yokusebenza yamanje ngokuhlakanipha (kwabase-Afrika) kubheka ukuthi singazithuthukisa kanjani izindawo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izidinganiso zakudala nokuhlakanipha kokhokho bethu. Singathola ukulingana phakathi kobulungiswa nobuntu?
Ifilosofi yobuntu base-Afrika ikhonjiswa ngozwelo, lapho abantu bezwakalisa umuzwa wokunakekelana nokuqondana okujulile. Indlela yobuntu ivumela amalungu ukuthi alwele ukuba nokunakekela, ukuqonda kanye nokwabelana ngomoya omuhle nowoxolo.
Ukunakekela Nokuvikela
Ubuntu busho ukuzidela ngenxa yabanye ngokuzinikela, ukunakekela nokuvikela abantu ikakhulukazi abakini. Ukusebenzisa ubuntu emsebenzini akuqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kanti ibona ubuntu obusebenza nangaphezu kwemigomo nezimiso ezisuke zihlonzwe ngumqashi.
Ukubumba indawo yokusebenza yamanje ngokuhlakanipha kubheka ukuthi singazithuthukisa kanjani izindawo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izidinganiso zakudala nokuhlakanipha kokhokho bethu.
Kuyenzeka ukuthola ubulungiswa hayi ngokujezisa omunye umuntu kodwa ngendlela yokuthi inkinga ixazululwe ngobuntu njengokuthula ukwethembana, ubuqotho, kanye nobulungiswa.
Ubuntu bumayelana nokulalela kanye nokwazisa abanye. Ukusebenzisa izimiso zobuntu emphakathini kungasiza ekulweni nezinselelo zomphakathi ezifana nobugebengu. Ubumpofu, ukungahloniphani, yebo nezidakamizwa kanye nokuwohloka kokuziphatha emphakathini, kunawo umthelela omkhulu futhi omubi. Kanti ukusiza umakhelwane wakho ngezikhathi zesidingo, inhlonipho nokwazisana kudala ubunye kanye nesithunzi kanti lokho kungenza kubenzima kwizigila mkhuba emphakathini ukulimaza abantu ikhakhulukhazi ababahlonishayo. Uyaye ubone ukuthi abantu abasenalo uzwelo lapho izigila mkhuba zigqekeza imoto yomuntu wesifazane edolobeni, abantu badludle ngithi ababoni. Ukumsiza yebo mhlawumbe nabo bayesaba kodwa uzwa ukuti akalamilanga, ukumlekhelela mhlamphe ngofonela amapoyisa noma insurance noma ukumlindisa kuze kufikhe usizo, into esingayenzi sonke sidlula engathi akwenzekanga lutho.
Ubuntu akuyona nje itiyori yokuziphatha ephathelene nokufaka izimo zobuntu. Kepha ubuntu buhlanganise amagugu, isimilo, kanye nemibono yobulungiswa bendabuko yethu. Kusemqokha ukuti sibuyisana, sibenomzwelo, nokunakhekhelana, nokusizana. Ubuntu kufanele sibuveze futhi busetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Omunye umuntu angazibuza ukuthi, ubuntu bungasetshenziswanziswa emacaleni aseNkantolo, imphendulo ithi, lapho sixhunyaniswa yizinkantolo zethu namalungelo okungenani ayishumi omthethosisekelo okuhlanganisa ukulingana, ubumfihlo, inkululeko yokukhuluma, kanye nesithunzi ezikhathini eziningi kungasilekhelela kakhulu bese ihlotshaniswe nezinye izimiso ezivamile zomthetho ovamile, njengokucabangela ukholo oluhle, ukulunga, ubulungisa nokulingana.
Ubumqoka bobuntu
Omunye angazibuza ukuthi buyini ubuntu futhi kungani bubalulekile?”, imphendulo ithi, Ubuntu ifilosofi yase-Afrika yaphakade isho ‘uBunye’ – lobu bunye buwukuqonda ukuhlangana kwempilo yonke. Intambo yegolide yobuhle ixhuma yonke impilo kusukela esidalweni esiphansi kuya phezulu, lo mucu wegolide wobuhle waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uthando okungukuthi Ubuntu.
Kanti futhi Ubuntu bungasetshenziswa ukubhekana nezinkinga ezithile kwezemfundo. Ukwenza Ubuntu kuvula amandla esiko labantu lapho uthisha nabafundi bezwakalisa uzwelo, ukubuyisana, isithunzi, ubuntu kanye nokuzwana ngenjongo yokufunda, ukwakha kanye nokugcina ukufunda. Abazali abaxasa othisa kanye nezingane zabo ngendlela efanele, hayi apho umzali ungeke umbone eya esikoleni sengane ukuyozwa ukuthi iziphethe kanjani, ngisho lapho umzali ebona izimpawu ezingezinhle angazihluphi ngokuthi athathe ukuthi ayothola ukuthi inkinga ikuphi ngokuxoxisana nothisha. Ubuntu bugomela ngokuthi umphakathi unikeza abantu ubuntu babo kanye nokubambisana. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu kufanele bavikele abanye, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle komuntu ngamunye. Ubuntu bungasiza ngisho ekusweleni izidingongqangi kubafundi.
Kanti futhi ubuntu umqondo othize waseNingizimu Afrika obandakanya usizo, futhi ugcizelela umqondo wobuzalwane bomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke lomqondo ungasiza ukulwa nezinselelo zomphakathi ezifana nokucwasa ngokwebala, ubugebengu, udlame nokunye okuningi. Kungaba nomthelela omuhle kithi sonke njengokuthula nokuzwana ezweni lonkana. Ubuntu buthuthukisa ngisho ukuqonda kwakho ilungelo lesithunzi somunye umuntu. Umoya wobuntu empeleni ukuba nobuntu futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isithunzi somuntu sihlala siwumongo wezenzo zakho, kanye nemicabango. Ukuba nobuntu kukhombisa ukunakekela nokukhathalela umakhelwane wakho.
Izici obuntu zingaba Ubumnene, Ukuzwela, Umusa, Ubungane kanye nokuphana. Ubuntu busho indlela yokuphila ehlonipha isithunzi nokulingana komuntu. Noma yimuphi umuntu ngaphandle kokubheka isikhundla sakhe noma sizathu.
Ubuntu bungasiza ngisho ekulweni nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Lapho abasemandleni beyeka ukuba ogimbela kwesabo nokubheka ukuthi bona bazozuzani ngokuntuleka kwemisembenzi. Ukunciphisa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kungaqala ngokunikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye namathuba omsebenzi entsheni ephuma ezikoleni, ikakhulu emiphakatini efanele. Njengokuthi awukwazi ukuqashwa abantu beminye imiphakathi nabangaphandle lapho kwakhiwe isibhedlela noma igaraji likaphethrolil kunganikezwanga abantu bendawo ithuba elifanele lokufaka izicelo. Ukuhlinzeka intsha nangamakhono emisebenzi yezandla. Ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yezandla njengendlela ekhangayo nethembisayo esikhundleni semfundo ephakeme.
Indlela izinkantolo ezibusebenzise ngayo ubuntu ivula amehlo futhi ngokusobala futhi ithola ukubaluleka kwayo esimweni esingokomthetho. Umbhali uthi selokhu kwathi nhlo izinkantolo zethu ziyingalo ezimele yombuso. Umsebenzi wazo ukuhumusha, ukukhuthaza nokuhlonipha ukubusa komthetho namalungelo abantu kanye nokuhlotshaniswa kwezinye izimiso ezijwayelekile zomthetho njengokholo kucabangela okuhle, ukulunga, ubulungisa kanye nokulingana. Ihambisana eduze nomqondo obalulekile wobulungiswa nokubuyisana. ENkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ecaleni likaDikoko v Mokhatla 2006 (6) SA 235 (CC), uJustice Albie Sachs waphawula wathi “Izici ezibalulekile zobulungiswa bokubuyisela, ukuhlangana, ubulungiswa, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokubamba iqhaza. Ukuhlangana [ingxoxo] yenza izisulu kanye nabenzi bobubi bakwazi ukukhuluma ngobuhlungu nokuthi isizulu nomenzi wobubi aqonde ngesikhathi esizayo. Ukulungiswa kugxile ekulungiseni umonakalo owenziwe esikhundleni sokugqugquzelela isijeziso. Ukubuyiselwa emphakathini kuncike ekutheni ukuzuza ukuhloniphana nokuzibophezela komunye nomunye.
UPieter-Dirk Uys ohlonishwayo waphawula wathi “Kufanele kube yilungelo lomuntu ukuhleka ukwesaba, kodwa mhlawumbe kuwukuphela komuntu ilungelo esisele nalo ilungelo lokuba ngumuntu. Ngoba ubuntu buhlanganisa uzwelo, isithunzi nenhlonipho esikhombisana ngayo, ubuntu buwumongo wentando yeningi yethu – noma kufanele kube njalo.”
Lombhalo awusona iselulekho ngezomithetho kodwa izi zolwazi olungwayekile. Abafundi balenkulumo bayagququzelwa ukuthi baxhumane nabameli ukuthola iseluleko ngezomthetho nolwazi okuyilona lona.