Ngabe ikude i-Afrika ukube kwalandelwa izifiso zabaqali bendlela

UNgubane ungungoti wezindaba ezimayelana ne-Afrika nezokubusa.

Eminyakeni eyi-60 eyedlule mhla we-25 kuNdasa kwabanjwa iNgqungquthela yokuqala ngqa yeNhlangano yamazwe ase-Afrika neyabizwa nge-Organisation of African Unity (OAU). Le ngqunqguthela neyabanjelwa e-Addis Ababa inhlokodolobha ye-Ethiopia yabe ihanjelwe izidlamlilo ezingama-32 nezaba abaholi bokuqala bamazwe ehlukene e-Afrika ayethole inkululeko. Njengoba kulenyanga kugujwa ukusungulwa kwale nhlangano sibuyekeza ngobuholi negalelo lezinye zalezidlamlilo kumazwe ababewaholele enkululekweni.

Umholi wokuqala owayekule Ngqungquthela uDkt uKwame Nkrumah nowaba uNdunankulu waseGhana ngowezi 1957 – 1960 wase eqokelwa kwisikhundla sobuMengameli ngowezi-1960-1966. Okubuhlungu ngalesigomagoma wukuthi umbuso wakhe waqunjwa phansi ngowezi-1966 okwamphoqa ukuthi ahlale ekudingisweni eGuinea Conarky kwaze kwamanela ngoMbasa ngowe-1972 emveni kokuba ehlaselwe umdlavuza. Kepha igalelo lakhe lisakhunjulwa ikakhulukazi ngencwadi ayibhala esihloko sithi-Africa Must Unite, kanye nethi-Dark Days in Ghana nayiloba esekudingisweni elanda ngokuketulwa kwakhe nalapho asola amazwe anjenge-United States of America (USA) ukuthi aba nesandla kwizigameko ezadala ukuba aketulwe.

Omunye wabaholi owazithola esesimweni esifana nesikaNkrumam u-Ahmed Ben Bella wase-Algeria, ngoba waketulwa ngowezi-1965. UBen Bella waboshelwa endlini iminyaka eyi-14 emveni kwalokho wayohlala ekudingisweni eSwitzerland waze wabuyela kwelakubo ngowezi-1990 nalapho alifulathela khona mhla ziyi-11 kuMbasa ngowe-2012. Kwelase-Uganda uMilton Obote owayihola eyenkululeko waketulwa amahlandla amabili ngowezi-1971 nalapho kwathatha u-Idi Amin, noma abuyela esikhundleni ngowe-1980, waphinde waqunjwa phansi ngowe-985 kwase kuthatha uYoweri Museveni osasesikhundleni namanje.

U-Abubakar Tefewa Belewa waseNigeria wabulawa ngowe-1966 kuMasingana ngabavukelimbuso kodwa nabo abangakutholanga ukunethezeka ngoba baqunjwa phansi ngoNtulikazi kuwo lowonyaka. UTefewa Belewa wabe engomunye kulabaqambi bendlela owakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu ngokwakha izwekazi elibumbene.

UJenene u-Ibrahim Abboud owahola eyaseSudan, waphoqeleka ukuba ehle esikhundleni sobuMengameli ngowezi-1964 emveni kwemibhikisho eyaqubuka ezweni kukhalazelwa indlela uhulumeni wakhe owawuphethe ngayo ezombuso. Okubalulekayo ngo-Abboud ukuthi waqoma ukwehla esikhundleni uma kuqala lemibhikisho kunokuba asebenzise amandla kaHulumeni namasosha ukucindezela izakhamuzi, nokuyisenzo ebesingafundwa yileziqhwaga ezimbili ezikhona namuhla eSudan esezidale umonakalo omkhulu ezweni. Kulabaholi, ababanegalelo elihlonze nababusa kwaze kwafika elokuba behlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo okungu-Ahmed Sékou Touré waseGuinea noGamel Nasser wase-Egypt.

U-Oka Touré walifulathela ngowezi 1984 emveni kweminyaka engama-26 esesikhundleni, kanti uGamel Nasser kwamfica ngomhla wama-28 kuMandulo ngowe-1970 ngelanga ayeqeda ngalo ukuvala iNqgungquthela ephezulu ye nhlangano ebizwa nge-Arab League. UNasser waba ngomunye wabaholi abambalwa – uma kungeyena yedwa – abadabuka Enhla ne-Afrika ababenogqozi lokuqinisa ubudlelwane bezwekazi kunokuba bagxile kakhulu kumazwe ase Middle East.

UTouré uphinde akhunjulwe ngamazwi awabhekisa kuMengameli waseFrance uJenene de Gaulle owayehambele eGuinea ngowe-1958, lapho wathi “sikhetha ubumpofu enkululekweni kunengcebo ebugqilini”. Omunye walaboholi naye owayibamba kwaze kwaba sekugcineni uJomo Kenyatta nowalishiya zingama-22 kuNcwaba ngowe-1978.

UKenyatta, nowahola iqembu iMau Mau eyalwela inkululeko, ungomunye wabaholi ababaneqhaza elikhulu kwiNgqngquthela yesihlanu yePan-African Congress eyabanjelwa eManchester eEngland ngowe-1945 neyayiholwa incithabuchopho uDkt uW.E.B. Du Bois.

Awasekwe ‘amaKoloni’ aselwela inkululeko yomnotho

Kubo bonke labaholi ababehambele leNgqungquthela yokuqala bathathu abangeke bakhohlwe emlandweni wezwekazi okunguLéopold Sédar Senghor waseSenegal, uJulius Kambarage Nyerere waseTanzania, kanye neNkosi uHaile Selassie wase-Ethiopia. USenghor nowalifulathela ngowezi-2001, wahlala esikhundleni kusukela ngowezi-1960-1980 nohlonishwa kakhulu ngokuba uMengameli wokuqala owadedela inkundla wathatha umhlalaphansi ngomhla ngoZibandlela ukuze izintambo zombuso zidlulele kwabanye. USenghor uphinde aziwe kakhulu ngegalelo lakhe ekwakheni i-Afrika ebumbene nokuba umsunguli wemfundiso ye“Negritude” eyingxenye yezimfundiso zePan-Africanism. UNyerere naye wathatha umhlalaphansi ngowezi-1985, emveni kwegalelo elikhulu lokweseka amazwe nezinhlangano eziningi e-Afrika ezazilwela inkulukelo. Noma ehla esikhundleni waqhubeka nokuba nezwi nesandla kwimizamo eminingi yokwakha ukuthula nentuthuka e-Afrika, okungabalwa mhlazane eqokwa yi-OAU kweyase-Burundi. Inkosi uHaile Selassie nowanikela i-Ethiopia njengezwe lenkululeko ye-Afrika nokwenza ukuthi iNgqungquthela yokuqala ye OAU ibanjelwe khona, wagoduka mhla zingama-27 kuNcwaba 1975, ngaphansi kwesimo esingaqondakali emveni kokuba ubukhosi bakhe buketulwa ingxenye yamasosha.

Laba ngabanye babahlabi benkunzi, abaqali bendlela yokwakha izwekazi elibumbene, elinokuthula nentuthuko. Noma abanye babo babenamabibi abo, akusoka lingena sici! Okungamele kukhohlwe wukuthi ukube abazange bavuke bayibambe ngabe maningi amazwe e-Afrika aqhubeka aba ngamaKoloni.

^{UMnu Senzo Ngubane, uNgoti kwezocwaningo lokudala ukubuyisana nokuthula ezwenikazi i-Afrika}