Amaqiniso ngolwandle
Ulwandle luyinqwaba yamanzi anosawoti. Ulwandle lumboza cishe amaphesenti angama-71 obuso bomhlaba. Luqukethe cishe amaphesenti angama-98 awo wonke amanzi asemhlabeni.
Kukhona ulwandle olulodwa lwezwe, kodwa luhlukaniswe izindawo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko: iPacific, i-Atlantic, i-Indian, i-Arctic, neNingizimu, noma i-Antarctic. Ndawonye, zingabonakala njengolwandle olulodwa lomhlaba ngoba azinayo imingcele yangempela, futhi amanzi ageleza ngokukhululeka phakathi kwazo. Izingxenye ezincane zalezi zilwandle zibizwa ngokuthi izilwandle, amagulfs namatheku.
Amanzi olwandle
Amanzi olwandle anosawoti. Usawoti uvela ekhemikhalini ebizwa ngokuthi i-sodium chloride, encibilika emanzini. (Usawoti abantu abawudlayo yi-sodium chloride ngendlela yamakristalu.)
Imimoya kanye namanye amandla kubangela ukuthi amanzi olwandle ahlale enyakaza. Amanzi amaningi olwandle ahamba eMhlabeni ngamaphethini abizwa ngokuthi imisinga. Imisinga yasolwandle ingase ifudumale noma ibanda. Imisinga efudumele ivame ukuletha isimo sezulu esifudumele nemvula ezweni eliseduze. Amanzi abandayo avame ukudala isimo sezulu esomile. IGulf Stream iyigagasi elifudumele eligijima enyakatho ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States.
Imimoya ibuye ibangele ukuthi amanzi olwandle ahambe ngamagagasi. Imimoya eqinile, enamandla ibangela amagagasi amakhulu. Umoya opholile udala amaripples. Izikhukhula ezinkulu emanzini olwandle ngokuvamile zivela esimweni sezulu esinesiphepho.
Ama-tides angenye indlela amanzi olwandle ahamba ngayo. Amagagasi angukukhuphuka nokuwa kwamazinga olwandle. Lokho kwenzeka usuku lonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ogwini lolwandle ulwandle lumboza isihlabathi esiningi lapho amagagasi amakhulu kunamagagasi aphansi. Ukudonsa kwamandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga kanye neLanga kubangela amagagasi.
Ekujuleni kolwandle
Iphansi lolwandle linamazinga amaningi. Ingxenye engashoni kakhulu yolwandle, ebizwa ngokuthi ishalofu lezwekazi, ilele emaphethelweni amazwekazi. Amaphethelo eshalofu lezwekazi ehlela ezansi ngasezingxenyeni ezijulile zolwandle, ezibizwa ngokuthi izitsha. Ngaphansi kwezitsha kukhona amathafa amakhulu, ayisicaba.
Kwezinye izindawo, imifantu ejulile ebizwa ngokuthi imisele inqunywa phansi olwandle. Kwezinye izindawo, amaketanga entaba angaphansi kwamanzi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-oceanic ridges, aphakama esuka phansi. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka eduze kwemisele namagquma. Izingxenye zamagquma zinezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo.
Impilo yasemanzini
Izinto eziphilayo zihlala kuwo wonke amazinga olwandle oMhlaba. Izitshalo zasolwandle zikhula eduze namanzi ngoba zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze ziqhubeke ziphila. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungena emanzini kuze kube ngamafidi angaba ngu-656 kuphela (amamitha angu-200). Izitshalo eziningi zasolwandle zibizwa ngokuthi i-phytoplankton. Lezo zitshalo ezincane ezinengqamuzana elilodwa zikhukhuleka nemisinga yolwandle. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zotshani basolwandle nezinye izitshalo nazo zimila olwandle emhlabeni. Ukhula lwasolwandle, okuyizinhlobo zolwelwe olufana nezitshalo, luningi futhi.
Njengezitshalo zasolwandle, izilwane eziningi zasolwandle zihlala emanzini angashoni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezitshalo nezilwane eziningi ezidliwayo eduze kwamanzi. Kodwa izilwane nazo zingatholakala emanzini ajulile, kuhlanganise nemisele ejulile yolwandle, emnyama kakhulu.
Izilwane sasolwandle esikhulu kunazo zonke umkhoma (Blue Whale) Asikho isilwane esikhulu esake saphila eMhlabeni. Izilwane ezincane kunazo zonke ziwuhlobo lwe-plankton olubizwa ngokuthi i-zooplankton. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nazo zihlala olwandle. Lezi zihlanganisa izimbaza, izinkalankala, izingwane, amahlengethwa nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. Amakhorali nama-anemone olwandle abukeka njengezitshalo, kodwa ayizilwane futhi.
Ukubaluleka kolwandle
Izilwandle zomhlaba zibalulekile empilweni yasemhlabeni. Izilwandle ziwumthombo omkhulu wokudla kubantu emhlabeni jikelele. Baphinde bahlinzeke ngamaminerali, uwoyela, negesi yemvelo. I-phytoplankton kanye ne-algae kudala umoya-mpilo omningi emhlabeni. Izilwandle zisiza futhi ukugcina isimo sezulu sizinzile ngokugcina ukushisa okuvela eLangeni.
Namuhla, izingozi eziningi zisongela impilo yolwandle. Abantu bangcolisa izilwandle ngokulahla imfucumfucu enobuthi nodoti kuzo. Ukungcoliswa kolwandle kunciphisa umoya-mpilo emanzini futhi kulimaza impilo yasolwandle. Ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokuchitheka kukawoyela kulimaza nezimpilo zasolwandle.
Abantu ababizwa ngokuthi izazi zasolwandle bahlola izilwandle ukuze bazame ukuzigcina ziphilile. Abanye bahlola izinga lamanzi nendlela amanzi ahamba ngayo. Abanye babheka izakhiwo zaphansi kolwandle kanye nezitsha. Elinye iqembu lezazi zasolwandle linesithakazelo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ezihlala olwandle.