Umzabalazo wenkululeko waboHlanga
Empeleni ubandlululo lwaqala ukufakwa ngumthetho we-1910 kuyo yonke imikhakha nenhlalo yabantu nasezintweni zomphakathi ezinjengemfundo, imisebenzi efundelwayo, izindlela zokuthuthwa komphakathi nasezindaweni zokuhlala abantu.
Ngowe-1923 iPhalamende laphasisa umthetho iNative (Urban Areas) Act okunguwona uHulumeni ayebheke ngawo nokuphuma kwaboHlanga ezindaweni ezazingamadolobha. AboHlanga kwakufanele baphathe amapasi. Ngalawa mapasi uHulumeni wayelawula impilo yabo bonke aboHlanga. Ukuhamba nokunyakaza kowoHlanga kwakubhekwe ngamehlo okhozi ngamaphoyisa. Akukho muntu woHlanga owayeneqhaza ekubusweni nasekuphathweni kwezwe. Futhi akukho muntu woHlanga owayenomhlaba.
Esikhathini seminyaka ephakathi kowe-1910 nowe-1920 kwabunjwa isakhiwo sokubusa. Lokho kwashintsha izinto ngesikhathi sabaholi abanohlonze uSmuts, uHertzog noBotha. Nokuba laba baholi babenemibono ehlukene nge-Afrika bavumelana ngokuthi izwe iNingizimu Afrika kwakungelabamhlophe kuphela.
Isimiso sobandlululo sasakhiwe phezu koMnyango Wezobulungiswa. Izinqumo ezabe zikhishwa yizinkantolo zazenza ukuthi kungabonakali nomncane umehluko phakathi kobulungiswa nepolitiki. Kwaqala kwaba khona ukwehlukana kwezinhlelo ezikoleni.
Nokuba aboHlanga besilisa babevunyelwe ukuthi bebengabammeli bona babengavunyelwa ngisho bemhlophe. Ecaleni lowesifazane omhlophe owafaka isicelo sokuba abhalisele ukuqeqeshelwa ukuba ngummeli ogcwele sachithwa nguNobhala waseKapa (Cape incorporated Law Society) owenqaba ukumbhalisa. Inkantolo yathi kufanele imbhalise.
Inhlangano yabammeli yavusa impikiswano yayisekuthini igama elithi wonke umuntu okulungele ukuba afake isicelo sokuba abhaliswe lalingahlanganisi umuntu wesifazane ngokweSigaba 20. INkantolo Enkulu yaseKapa eyayinaBehluleli abathathu beholwa uRose Innes uMehluleli Omkhulu yathi igama elithi umuntu alimfaki owesifazane. Leli cala lanqunywa umthetho waseHolandi nowaseNgilandi owawungavumeli ukuthi umuntu wesifazane amukelwe njengommeli.
INkantolo ecaleni elaliphakathi kukaSchlein neLaw Society, inhlangano yabantu ukwemukela abesifazane njengabammeli ngokulandela umthetho nowaseNgilandi. INkantolo yathi uma kungaba khona ushintsho kulokhu kungeke kwenziwe kule nkantolo. Zingamashumi amabili nesithupha kuNdasa ngowe-1923 iPhalamende laseSouth Africa lashaya umthetho okwakuthiwa yiWomen Legal Practitioners 1923 owawuvumela ukuthi abesifazane bamukelwe njengabammeli.
UConstance Mary Hall kwaba ngowokuqala ukwemukelwa njengommeli eNingizimu Africa. UGladys Steyn waba ngowokuqala owesifazane ukwemukelwa njengommeli wasemaJajini, i-Advocate). Kepha imithetho ayiguqukanga kwabesifazane boHlanga. Kwaze kwathi ngowe-1962 indodakazi kaDr u-Abdullah Abdurahman yemukelwa njemmeli waseMajajini owayelwela umalungelo abesifazane. Wemukelwa eseneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha nane (64). Wathi nje kancane washona. Ngowe-1967 uDesiree Finca waseMthatha ngemuva lokuba ngummeli enkampanini yabammeli iGodfrey, eGoli, wemukelwa wahlanganisa bonke aboHlanga, abaholi nabo bonke abathanda inkululeko bephuma kuNingizimu Afrika yonkana ukuthi ngazwilinye kuHulumeni wobandlululo owayekhona ngaleso sikhathi. Abaholi uJohn Lingalibalele Dube uPixley kaSeme nabanye ngowe-1909 bahlangana eBloemfontein ukuzobhunga ngomhlabuhlangene waseNingizimu owawuhlongozwa nguHulumeni wamaNgisi kanye namaBhunu.
NgoMasingana ziyisi-8 ngowe-1912 kwaba nomhlangano kuvinjwe umthetho owabe uqonde ukwephuca aboHlanga izwe. Lo mthetho wawuzothatha umhlaba uwubeke ezandleni zabelungu.
Yilapho okwazaleka khona inhlangano eyayibizwa ngokuthi yiSouth African Native National Congress (SANNC). UJ.L.Dube owabezalelwe wakhulela emishini waba nguMengameli wokuqala wenhlangano. Inhlangano yathumela ithimba ukuyolwa nalo mthetho owawuqonde ukwephuca aboHlanga.
