Bathela izwekazi ngehlazo abaholi kweyaseCameroon ne-Ethiopia
Izimpi zombango ezisaqhubekile e-Ethiopia naseCameroon, ukudicilelwa phansi kwamalungelo ezakhamuzi okwenzekayo ngenxa yale zimpi, ukwanda kobulelesi, ububha, kanye nenani labantu abangoduka nezwe kungezinye zezigameko ezifiphalisa amathemba kulabo abanentshisekelo yokwakha iAfrika enokuthula.
KweyaseCameroon, neyaqala ngowezi-2017, sezibalelwa ezigidini ezimbili izakhamuzi esezingondingasithebeni ezifundazweni eziyisi-6 ezweni, phezu kwalokho babalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu asebebulewe kule mpi.
Ngasohlangothini lwase-Ethiopia, kungakapheli ngisho izinyanga eziyisi-6 le mpi yaqala, yabe isivela imibiko ekhombisa ukuthi yizinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseTigray ezizozithola zibhekene nobubha obudalwa yindlala ngenxa yale mpi. Ngaphambi kokuqubuka kwempi, babecishe babalelwe esigidini abantu eTigray ababethembele kusizo lukaHulumeni nezinhlangano zezinsiza ukuze bathole ukudla.
Emveni kokuqubuka kwalempi, ucwaningo luveza ukuthi inani labantu abadinda usizo ngokwendlala licishe libeyizigidi eziyi-5, nokuyinani elingama phesenti angama-91 labantu abahlala eTigray. Ithemba nge-Afrika enokuthula – uma kubhekwa le zimpi zombili – liqedwa ngukuthi zingezinye zezimpi noma okungathiwa zazilindelekile, kepha isisombululo kwakungamele sithathe isikhathi eside kangaka.
Lezi zimpi zombili, ziphinde zembule umqolo futhi zithele ngehlazo izinhlaka ezikhona e-Afrika ezinjenge-African Union (AU), i-Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), kanye ne Econonomoc Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ezasungulelwa ukubhekana nezimo ezifana nalezi. Kuze kube manje, i-IGAD, ayikathi vu! Ngokwenzeka eEthiopia ne ECCAS ilokhu igudla iguma ngokwenzeka eCameroon, kodwa lamazwe womabili ayingxenye yalezi Nhlangano.
Kukhona imibono ethi, lezinhlangano zithuli ngoba isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kula mazwe ngakho ke kumele uma lezi zinhlangano zifisa ukungenelela zenze njalo ngokuphepha. Inkinga yemibono enjengalena wukuthi, asikho isimo sezepolitiki nezimpi zombango e-Afrika esingenazo izingqginamba zazo ezinzulu, futhi uma kungahanjiswa kanjalo kusho ukuthi asikho nesisodwa isimo lapho lezi nhlangano zingakwazi ukungenelela khona.
Iqiniso elimsulwa ngelithi, lezinhlangano zombili, zeswele abaholi abanesibindi, ugqozi, nabazibophezele kubulungiswa sokuthi babhekane nozakwabo bakula mazwe ngokwehluleka kwabo ukwakha ukuthula emazweni abo. Izwekazi angeke likwazi ukuguqula lesimo esikhona sezimpi uma abaholi abaphethe amazwe bezokuloku beqhubeka nokwenza izinto ngendlela ekhombisa ukuthi kunamazwe okuthiwa ‘angcwele’ ngakho-ke izimo zawo akumele kubhekanwe nazo.
Njengoba lamazwe esabhekene nalezimpi, kunokuba abaholi bawo bakhombise ukuzimisela ukuthi ziphele, bashonisa ilanga ngokwenza izinto ezingenasidingo, futhi ezingeke zisize ngalutho ekuqedeni le mpi. Isibonelo, iHulumeni wase Ethiopia uqhubekile nokhetho lwamalungu ePhalamande nobelubanjwe ekusombulukeni kwaleli sonto. uNdunankulu u-Abyei ekhuluma nabezindaba uthe lolukuzoba wukhetho lokuqala emveni kweminyaka lapho izakhamuzi zase-Ethiopia kungathiwa zakha isisekelo se Demokhrasi. Ongena mehlo ongakholwa lokho okushiwo uNdunankulu, ngoba lolu khetho akhuluma ngalo, ngaphandle kwezihibe ezininganga ngendlela obeluhlelwe ngayo, kunezifundazwe eziningi ezweni – okubalwa neTigray lapho lungazange lubanjwe khona.
Ngakho ke, sisekelo sini akhuluma ngaso uma kuyiwa okhethweni kube kunezifunda nezakhamuzi ezingakwazi ukuziqokela labo okumele babaphathe. Bekungamele ukuthi izinhlaka ezifana ne-AU, ne-IGAD, ziyivumele Ethiopia ukuba iye okhethweni, kunalokho bekumele ngabe bafaka indcindezi yokuthi le mpi ekhona iphele. ECameroon, uHulumeni kaMengameli uPaul Biya usamile ekutheni lempi ekhona uzoyinqoba ngoba yadalwa ubulelesi futhi abaholi bayo yezelelesi ezingasekwa yiningi ezweni. Inkinga lapha wukuthi, njengoba sekuyophela iminyaka emihlanu le mpi engayi ndawo, kunalokho iyabhebhetheka, yibuphi noma yiziphi lezilelesi uHulumeni akhuluma ngazo?
Okubi kakhulu ngenxa yokwenzeka kulamazwe, nokwehluleka kokuthi izinhlangano ezikhona zithole isisombululo, wukuthi kuqinisa imigododla yalabo abathi leli zwekazi angeke liye ndawo. Lokhu okukuqala. Okwesibili, kwenza ukuthi uqaba okumele lube sezithebeni ze-Afrika lugcina selubekwa kwezezifiki, nokwenza ukuthi izisombululo ezingaqhamuka – uma zoqhamuka – kungabi yilezo ezizodala ukuthi kwakheke ukuthula okunobulungiswa. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, i-United States of America (USA) imemezele ukuthi izofaka unswinyo kubaholi kanye nabasolwa ngokuhambisana nodlame olukhona entshonalanga yeCameroon nokungasebenzeli ukwakha uxolo.
Umbuzo ke uthi, uma elase-USA lithatha lesinqumo kungabe amanye amazwe ikakhulukazi awase-Afrika, azolandela kuzo lezi zinyathelo yini nawo? Uma enze njalo, azobe ehlose ukuthini? Iqiniso elimsulwa ngelithi, selokhu yaqala le mpi ayikho imizamo ebambhekayo esike yenziwa yokwakha uxolo eCameroon, ngakho ke kumele kwexwaywe uma kune zwe elithi kukhona elizoba nswinya ngoba bengakhi uxolo.
Mhlasimbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaholi bala mazwe, amazwe angomakhelwane, izinhlaka ezikhona ezwenikazi, bosibona isidingo sokuthi bazisukumele lezimpi zombili ukuze isisombululo sitholakale ngokuthi kuxoxiswane. Okwamanje, sibabona besithela ngehlazo singama Afrika ngokuthula kwabo kepha kubona noma ngubani ukuthi sekonakele.