Umthetho wokhuvethe uqinisa amaxhama kumqashi nakumqashwa emsebenzini

Kufanele siqale ngokuxolisa kubafundi ngokunyamalala kwemibhalo izinyanga eziningi ezedlule. Sithi yobe, nina boHlanga. Kwesinye isikhathi izithiyo zempilo ziyamukhipha umuntu ezinhlelweni zakhe. Siyethembisa ukuthi ngokuvumelana noMhleli sizoqikelela ukuthi le mibhalo ishicilelwa inyanga nenyanga okungenani. 

 “Amaphuzu aleli cala edlulele. Akhombisa ukuthi kusekuningi okufanele makwenziwe emisebenzini nasemiphakathini ukuqikelela ukuthi abaqashi nabaqashwa kanye nomphakathi wonkana bayaqwashiswa ngobukhona bobhubhane ukuze kugxiliswe izibopho zokuphepha kumqashi nabaqashwa kulesi simo sokhuvethe.” 

Wendulele ngala mazwi uMehluleli weNkantolo Yezezisebenzi ecaleni le-Eskort Ltd Stuurman Mogotsi Case No: JR1644/20 elinqunywe mhla zingama-28 kuNdasa kowezi-2021. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi embhalweni wangoNtulikazi kophelile sabhala ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Kuningi ukuxakaziseka kobudlelwano bokuqashwa okwenziwa wudungunyane ukhuvethe”. Sasihlaziya izinqumo zeNkantolo Yezezisebenzi zamacala amabili aphathelene nobhubhane.

Udaba oluphelele kulesi sinqumo seNkantolo lumayelana nobudedengu obedlulele emsebenzini, ukungahloniphi ezokuphepha mayelana nokhuvethe. Le nkampani eyaziwayo ezweni ikhiqiza idayise ukudla okuyinyama. Umqashwa wayeyisekela lemeneja yasesitolo semikhiqizo yenyama. Wayeyilungu futhi lekomidi elibhekelele ukuphepha kubhubhane emsebenzini elibizwa ngeleCoronavirus Site Committee.

Umqashwa waxoshwa-ke emsebenzini ebekwe amacala okwehluleka ukwazisa umqashi ukuthi wayehlolelwe ukhuvethe mhla ziyisi-5 kuNcwaba wezi-2020 futhi wayesalindele imiphumela; nelobudedengu obedlulele ngokuthi esetholakele ukuthi uhaqiwe wehluleka ukuzivalela yedwa waqhubeka nokusebenza mhla ziyisi-7, ziyisi-9 nazili-10 kuye uNcwaba wezi-2020. Ngenkathi eqhubeka nokusebenza wehluleka ukuhambisana nemigomo nemibandela yokuphepha kubhubhane okuxuba ukugqagqana ngoba wayebonakale kukhamera exhawula, ekotelana nomunye uzakwabo onesifo senhliziyo, ehamba futhi engasifakile isifonyo echanasa exhumana nezinye izisebenzi engakhathazwe lutho. 

Njalo uma eya emsebenzini, wayehamba nomunye uzakwabo ngemoto yakhe umqashwa. Uzakwabo lona ayemxhawulile wahlaselwa ukhuvethe wangena esibhedlela. Nalona futhi ayevame ukuhamba naye ngemoto kwaba yiso leso wabangwa nezibi. Ezinye izisebenzi asebenza nazo zahlolwa kwatholakala ukuthi zihaqekile kwaphoqa ukuthi ziyozivalela emakhaya zingahlangani nabanye abantu. Kwavela ebufakazini ukuthi umqashwa lona wayekade agula enezimpawu zokhuvethe ekuqaleni kukaNtulikazi kodwa welashwa yinyanga eyambhalela isitifiketi sokuthi uyagula. Le nyanga kwakungunkosikazi wakhe umqashwa. Esezivikela ecaleni wathi umqashi wakhe kazemukelanga izincwadi zokuthi uyagula futhi wamkhipha inyumbazane emva kwalokho. Wayesho nokuthi yena kanikwanga umyalelo wokuthi makenze njani yize uzakwabo ayevame ukuhamba naye wayesehaqekile. Ngakho-ke waya emsebenzini. 

Esexoshiwe umqashwa; wamangala futhi waphumelela enkundleni yeCommission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) ngoba isinqumo sikaKhomishana sambuyisela emsebenzini, kodwa wangaholelwa isikhathi ayesesihlalile engasebenzi.  Futhi wanikwa nesexwayiso sokugcina ngobudedengu ayebenzile emsebenzini. Umqashi waledlulisela eNkantolo Yezezisebenzi udaba, waphumelela. INkantolo yasiguqula isinqumo sikaKhomishana yavuna umqashi ukuthi isijeziso sokumxosha simfanele umqashwa. INkantolo yamgxeka kakhulu uKhomishana, umqashwa naye umqashi. Siqopha okubalulekile okuyizifundo eziqhamuka kulesi sinqumo seNkantolo ngoba sekuwumthetho ophuma ezinqumweni zeziNkantolo mayelana nezokuphepha nokuziphatha okuqondene nokhuvethe.

UKhomishana ugxekwa ngokwehluleka ukucubungula ngeso elibanzi bonke ubufakazi obethulwa phambi kwakhe njengokulawulwa umthetho. Phela, uma uKhomishana esetholile ukuthi isenzo sikamqashwa siwubudedengu obedlulele okuqeda ukwethembana nobudlelwano phakathi komqashwa nomqashi, lokho sekusho ukuthi ukuxoshwa yisona sijeziso esifanele. Kodwa kuleli cala uKhomishana wamxegisela umqashwa ngezizathu ezingaqondakali ngoba wayesetholile, wanquma ukuthi izenzo zakhe zaziwubudedengu obedlulele.    

Kulesi sinqumo sayo, ikhwele yadilika iNkantolo igxeka umqashwa. Izenzo zakhe zibeka bonke axhumane nabo emsebenzini, ekhaya, nasemphakathini ebucayini. Okudida kakhulu ngokweNkantolo ukuziphatha kwakhe esetholile ngokuhaqwa kukazakwabo lona ayevame ukuhamba naye ngemoto eyodwa. 

Wayechanasa exhawula omunye uzakwabo, engafaki isifonyo engagqagqani uma exhumana nabanye kodwa enolwazi lokuziphatha okufanele. Lokhu kwakhubaza umqashi nabo bonke ayexhumana nabo umqashwa kanye nemindeni yabo. Phela ngenxa yalesi senzo, umqashi waphoqeka ukudedela eziningi izisebenzi ukuze zizivalele, zelashwe, zize zelulame ekuhaqekeni okuyinto ekhinyabeze umnotho womqashi nowabaqashwa abathinteka. Lezi zenzo zomqashwa zidala ukungabekezeleleki kobudlelwano bomqashi nomqashwa, ikakhulu ngoba abanye ababeziphathe kanjena phambilini babexoshwa. Futhi, umqashwa wangatshengisi nokuzisola ngezenzo zakhe ezadala ubuhlungu, ixhala nokuhlupheka kwezinye izisebenzi nakumqashi.

Umqashi yena uthole induku yokugxekwa yiNkantolo kulesi sinqumo ngokuthi lesi senzo kasitshengisi ukuthi imithetho yokuvikela ukhuvethe uyayisebenzisa ayeluse ngokufanele yize enayo le mithetho yokuphepha obhubhaneni. Kungani avunyelwa ukuchanasa umqashwa yize ebonakala kukhamera, yiziphi izinyathelo ezathathwa futhi kwenzeka kanjani ukutho lo zakwabo evume ukuxhawulwa nokukotelana nomqashwa bebe bazi ukuthi kakuvumelekile lokho? NgokweNkantolo lokhu kwembula izinqe umqashi nezisebenzi ukuthi kabazimisele ukulandela indlela okuyiyo yokugwema ukubhebhetheka kokhuvethe. Ukusebenza okwejwayelekile kwaqhubeka yize sekutholakele isisebenzi esahaqwa kuqala lesi esasihamba ngemoto eyodwa nomqashwa kule licala okuyinto engavumelekile. 

INkantolo iphethe ngokuthi leli cala lifundisa bonke abaqashi nezisebenzi ukuthi kuhle ukuba nemithetho nemibandela yokuphepha obhubhaneni. Kodwa konke lokho akusho lutho uma kungasetshenziswa kweluswe ukuziphatha emsebenzini ukuze kuhambisane nale mithetho nemibandela yokugwema ukhuvethe. Kumele kubhekisiswe kabusha ukuziphatha emsebenzini ngalesi sikhathi sobhubhane.

Ukubaluleka komthetho wezokuphepha emsebenzini kunemibandela ecacile mayelana nezibopho zomqashi nomqashwa kwezokuphepha emsebenzini. Lokhu sekwedlulele ngalesi sikhathi sobhubhane. Masikhumbuzane ukuthi mabili amanye amacala aphuthinyiswa eNkantolo Yezezisebenzi ngalesi simo sokhuvethe. Elokuqala ngelafakwa yinyunyana iNational Education, Health and Allied Workers’ Union (Nehawu) ilwela ukuqikelela ukuvikelwa kwezisebenzi ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ebucayi ephathelene nezempilo ngalesi sikhathi. 

Elesibili yicala le-Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (Amcu) eyayilwela ukuthi izisebenzi zasezimayini nemiphakathi ezisuka kuyo bavikeleke ngokwedlulele futhi okuqondene nemboni yezimayini. Ecaleni leNehawu eliwunombolo: J 423/20 elahlulelwa mhla zili-11 kuMbasa wezi-2020, inyunyana yabe imangalele umqashi okuwuMnyango Wezempilo kuzwelonke nakuzona zonke izifundazwe. Kafuphi, inyunyana yabe ikhala ngokuthi umqashi uyehluleka ukuqikelela ukuphepha kwezisebenzi zezempilo ngokuzinikeza izevatho ezanele zokuvika ukhuvethe ngenkathi zisemisebenzini yazo. Kodwa esephendula umqashi, wayigculisa iNkantolo ukuthi yena ukwenze konke okusemandleni ukuqikelela ukuphepha kwezisebenzi ezenza umsebenzi wezempilo obalulekile nobucayi kuzwelonke nakuzona zonke izifundazwe. 

Okunye, inyunyana eyayikufuna ukubandakanywa ngumqashi ezinhlelweni zokuqikelela ukuphepha kwezisebenzi. Nakulokho futhi iNkantolo yemukela incazelo yomqashi ukuthi empeleni kwakungamampunge okwakushiwo yinyunyana. Okokugcina, inyunyana yayifuna ukuthi umqashi anqindwe amandla okujezisa izisebenzi ezenqabayo ukusebenza ngoba zesabela impilo yazo. Yakubeka kwacaca iNkantolo ukuthi kayikwazi ukuthatha leso sinqumo ngoba kwakungenabufakazi bokuthi kukhona osebhekene nokuqondiswa ubugwegwe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukusebenza ngoba esabela impilo yakhe. Kuleli cala, kwakubonakala ukuthi inyunyana yabe icabangela ilungelo lezisebenzi ngaphansi koMthetho Wezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini uNombolo 85 we-1993 eyayicabanga ukuthi akalibhekelelanga umqashi. Yize kwakubonakala ukuthi yayibe nehaba nokuxhamazela inyunyana ekufakeni leli cala, ekugcineni latshengisa ukucabangela ilungelo nezifiso zezisebenzi okuyilungelo layo ukukwenza. 

Kwele-Amcu, yayimangalele uMnyango Wezimayini nomhloli wezokuphepha ezimayini. Leli cala unombolo J427/20 lalinqunywe yiNkantolo Yezezisebenzi mhla lu-1 kuNhlaba kowezi-2020. Inyunyana yayikhala ngokuthi imibandela yezokuphepha emsebenzini eyayishaywe uHulumeni ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinhlekele okuqondene nobhubhane ukhuvethe yayingenele ukubhekelela ngokukhethekileyo izisebenzi zasemayini njengokulawula koMthetho Wezokuphepha Ezimayini. Ngokubona kwenyunyana ukuphepha ezimayini kwehluke kakhulu kokwejwayelekile, futhi kusebucayini obedlulele ngenxa yokhuvethe; okudinga ukuba kusetshenziswe uMthetho Wezokuphepha Ezimayini ngoba wona unezibophezelo ezaluswa futhi kujeziswe ukwephulwa kwazo, nguMhloli omkhulu wezokuphepha ezimayini ngaphansi kweSigaba 9 salo Mthetho. 

Kanti imibandela yokuphepha ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinhlekelele yona ingeyomphakathi wonke futhi ukwephulwa kwayo akujeziswa kanzima njengalokhu kwenzeka uma kwephulwe imibandela yoMthetho Wezokuphepha Ezimayini. 

Ngalesi simangalo inyunyana yabe ifuna ukuthi iNkantolo ilawule uMhloli omkhulu wezokuphepha ezimayini ukuthi akhiphe imibandela yezokuphepha eqondene nezimayini njengoba sichazile ngenhla, ukuvikela izisebenzi emkhuhlaneni ukhuvethe. UMnyango wona wawukuphikisa lokho ngesizathu sokuthi izinhlelo zezokuphepha ezikhishwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinhlekelele zanele. UMnyango wawusho nokuthi futhi ubhubhane ukhuvethe aluqondene nje nezisebenzi kuphela kodwa lungolwesizwe sonke, ngakho angeke kwasetshenziswa umthetho oqondene nezimayini kuphela. 

Kodwa iNkantolo yavuna inyunyana kuleli cala. Kafuphi izizathu zeNkantolo ngezokuthi ubhubhane lolu lubopha ngabhandelinye umphakathi nezisebenzi emsebenzini kalukhethi muntu. Ukuphepha komphakathi wonkana, kuxube nokwezisebenzi, emsebenzini. Ukuvikela izisebenzi ngokwasemsebenzini eziwenzayo kakushayisani nokuvikela umphakathi wonkana. Esesibili isizathu seNkantolo ngesokuthi izinhloso zoMthetho Wezokuphepha Ezimayini ziyamphoqa uMhloli omkhulu wezokhuphepha ezimayini ukuthi athathe izinyathelo ezazibalwe yinyunyana esimweni sokhuvethe ngoba zona zinamazinyo okujezisa lowo ozephulayo. Ngakho-ke ukwenqaba koMhloli wezokuphepha ezimayini ukukhipha izilawulo ngaphansi koMthetho Wezokuphepha ezimayini kuyisinqumo esingaphusile okumele sibuyekezwe, sichithwe yiNkantolo. 

Inyunyana yethula ubufakazi bochwepheshe bezempilo nabezokuphepha emsebenzini ukutshengisa ukuthi basengozini engakanani abasebenza emigodini ezimayini. Izibonelo ukuthi basebenzela endaweni eminyene, kabakwazi ukushiya isikhala phakathi kwezisebenzi ukugwema ukutheleleka ngokhuvethe. Kunobufakazi bodokotela ukuthi izifo eziphathelene nofuba luzihaqa kakhulu nakalula izisebenzi zasezimayini. 

Lokhu kubenza behluke abasebenza ezimayini, okudinga futhi ukuvikeleka okuqondene nabo. Obunye ubufakazi ngobethulwa yinhlangano emele umphakathi lapho zisuka khona izisebenzi zasezimayini okutshengise ngokusobala ukuthi kufanele mazivikeleke ngokwehlukile esizweni sonkana.

Izinqumo zeziNkantolo ziba wumthetho olandelwayo kukhona konke okwenzeka emva kokuba seziphumile. Lo mbhalo uyatshengisa ukuthi nembala umthetho wobhubhane ukhuvethe ugxilile ebudlelwaneni bomqashi nomqashwa.