Isalindiwe iSouthern African Development Community ngeyaseCabo Delgado
Kubili okwenzeke kuleli sonto okungavamile kuNhlangano yamazwe ase-Afrika eseNingizimu, iSouthern African Development Community (SADC). Okokuqala, kube ukuphuma – ‘ngokungemvume’ – kombiko wethimba ebelethweswe ijoka lokuhambela eMozambique ngenhloso yokuphenya nokubuyekeza okwenzekayo eCabo Deldago bese liza nezincomo zokuthi yiliphi iqhaza elingabanjwa yiSADC. Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi umhlangano ophuthumayo wabaholi bamazwe ayingxenye yeSADC owawubanjwe ziyisi-8 kwephezulu, wathatha isinqumo sokuthumela leli thimba eMozambique ukuze lethule lo mbiko emhlanganweni obekumele ubanjwe zingama-29 kuyo le nyanga. Ngeshwa, lo mbiko obekumele ubonwe futhi udingidwe kuqala ngoMengameli bamazwe eSADC utholakale kwabezindaba okuyinto engavamile, futhi nengeyinhle ikakhulukazi ngoba imibiko efana nalena isuke iqukethe izincomo ezingachithwa noma zivunywe ngabaholi kanye nemibono engaba nomthelela ongemuhle kubudlelwane bamazwe ahlukene.
Eyesibili engejwayelekile kube yisinqumo esidalulwe sekusele amahora ambalwa ukuthi oMengameli bahlangane enhlokodolobha yaseMozambique iMaputo, esiveze ukuthi lo mhlangano obuhleliwe ukuze kudingidwe eyaseCabo Delgado usuhlehlisiwe. Kudalulwa lesi sinqumo, iHhovisi likaMengameli waseBostwana – nokunguye onguSihlalo wohlaka olubhekene nezokuphepha ngaphansi kweSADC i-Organ for Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS)– lithe lo mhlangano uhlehliswe ngezizathu ezimbili.
Esokuqala ukuthi uMengameli waseBotswana usekumvalelwakhaya okuhambelana nemigomo emisiwe ngenxa yokhuvethe, esesibili ukuthi uMengameli waseNingizimu Afrika – nokunguye ozothatha iSihlalo se-OPDS ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo nonyaka – ubambekile ngenxa yeKhomishini ebhekene nokubhozomela umbuso eNingizimu Afrika. Noma lezi yizizathu ezizwakalayo, kepha abanolwazi ngokusebenza kweSADC nokuthi bekubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi le nhlangano isheshe ikhulume ngazwilinye ngesimo esimazonzo eCabo Delgado, kobe abaphambuki uma beyigxeka iSADC ngokuhlehlisa lo mhlangano nokuphinde basole ukuzithi zikhona ezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwalezi ezibaliwe.
Noma lo mhlangano uhlehlisiwe nokwamanje okungaziwa ukuthi uzobanjwa nini asike silume kancane kokubili, okuwumbiko lona oputshukile, kanye nesimo esikhona eCabo Delgado. Ezincomweni eziqukethwe kulo mbiko obekulindekele ukuba udingidwe yiSADC ebesiqavile bekungesithi le nhlangano kumele ididiyele amasotsha esingawabiza ‘ngokuvuka ayibambe’ abalelwa ezi-2916 aqhamuka emazweni ahlukene ukuze aphuthume ukuyolekelela eMozambique ukubhekana ngqo nalabo okuthiwa ontamo iqinile eCabo Delgado. Ngokwalesi sincomo, la masotsha, azobe edidiyelwe ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngeRegional Standby Force nokuwuhlelo oluhlanganisa izinhlaka ezahlukene ngokuma kwazo ezibhekela ezokuphepha eziqhamuka emazweni akuSADC.
Ngenxa yokuthi lo mhlangano usuhlehlisiwe, akwazeki ukuthi lesi singesinye yini sezincomo oMengameli abekade bezoseseka ngokugcwele, okwazekayo ukuthi akusona isinqumo ebesizothathwa kalula ngenxa yezizathu ezithize. Esinye salezi zizathu, yizinkomba ezikhona zokuthi uMengameli waseMozambique uMnu uNyusi – nokunguye onguSihlalo weSADC nonyaka – akayizwa kahle lena yokuthunyelwa kwalezi zishingishane zamasotsha ezweni lakhe. Emveni kwenhlekelele eyenzeka ePalma eCabo Delgado emasontweni ambalwa edlule, kwesinye sezitatimende azikhipha okaNyusi wakhononda wathi kuyamxaka ukuthi sekunamazwe nemibono ethi kumele izwe aliholayo lithole usizo, kepha, le mpi ababhekane nayo kade yaqala. Ngamanye amazwi, uNyusi wayephakamisa ukuthi kungani izinkulumo ezifana nalezi seziqala ukuvela ngalesi sikhathi, yini ebisalindiwe? Kunalokho, okaNyusi iziphakamiso nezifiso zakhe ngezokuthi ubona kungcono ukuthi iSADC ithumele ithimba ebelingalolonga nokucija kahle kuphela ezokuphepha nokuqapha eMozambique – kodwa hhayi amasotsha azolwa. Esinye sezizathu ebesingadala ukuthi lesi kungabi yisinqumo esilula ukuthi, yimaphi amazwe eSADC abezokwazi ukuthumela amasotsha, aphinde akwazi ukuthwala izindleko zokwenza njalo, ikakhulukazi uma kungesiqiniseko sokuthi kuyobe ‘kuwumsebenzi’ oyothatha isikhathi esingakanani.
Ukuhlehliswa kwalo mhlango kusho ukuthi umkhonto usajame enxebeni ngezinyathelo ezizothathwa yiSADC kweyaseMozambique, nokuyinto engeyinhle ngenxa yokuthi isimo eCabo Delgado asilindile le Nhlangano ukuthi ize ifinyelele ezinqumweni kepha siyaqhubeka nokuba bucayi. Kukhulunywa nje iyanda imibiko ekhombisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zalesi sifunda zisahlezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Isibonelo, umbiko okhishwe yiDoctors Without Borders kule nyanga odalule ukuthi babalelwa kuzinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa abashiye imizi yabo bayobhaca kwezinye izindawo ezingakahlaselwa kulesi sifunda. Lo mbiko weDoctors Without Borders uphinde udalule ukuthi kuleli nani kubalwa izingane ezingama-45%, nokwanda kokwentuleka kokuya ngasethunjini, yizisekelo zezempilo, nokwanda kokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane. Ikhona neminye imibiko eveza ukuthi lokhu kuhlasela kwakamuva okwenzeka ePalma kwaphazamisa zonke izinhlelo ebeseziqaliwe yizinkampani ezahlukene ikakhulukazi iTotal zokusebenza eCabo Delgado nokungaziwa ukuthi zizobuyela nini esimweni.
