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Impumalanga yeDRC yisifundazwe esiyinkambu yezempi
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Impumalanga yeDRC yisifundazwe esiyinkambu yezempi

Asikho isifundazwe ezwenikazi i-Afrika esesaziwa njengesiyi ‘nkambu yamasosha’ ukwedlula iMpumalanga yeDRC. Selokhu kwathi nhlo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kuqubuka impi yombango ngowe-1990s neyagcina iqumbe phansi umbuso kaMobutu kwase kungena oka Kabila omdala (nongasekho) nowalandelwa yindondana yakhe, kuze kufinyelele kuMengameli ohlezi esihlalweni uTshisekedi, lesifundazwe siyizinda sezinswelaboya, amasosha avela kumazwe angomakhelwane, kanye nalawo azikhuzayo.

Ngamuva nje, ‘kulenkambu’ sekungene amanye amasosha ayingxenye yamazwe angamalungu e-East African Community (EAC) neyathatha isinqumo ku Nhlangulana nyakenye sokuthumela amasosha azoqapha ukuthula kulesifundazwe emveni kokukhombana ngeminwe phakathi koHulumeni baseDRC kanye neRwanda. IDRC isola elaseRwanda ngokweseka abavukeli’mbuso iM23, kanti ngakolwayo uhlangothi iRwanda isola iDRC ngokweseka ontamo iqinile ababizwa ngeDemocratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), nethi bayizinsalela zalabo abathintekayo kwizigameko zokuqothula uhlanga ngowe-1994.

Uhlelo lwempi lwamasosha ayezojutshwa yi-EAC eMpumalanga yeDRC lwaveza ukuthi inani lawo lizoba phakathi kwezi-6 500 kuya kwezi-12 000 nazobe ekhuzwa uJenene waseKenya ebe eqhamuka emazweni angamalungu e-EAC okubalwa iBurundi, iKenya, iSouth Sudan, iTanzania kanye ne-Uganda. Loluhlelo lwempi lwaphinde lwaveza ukuthi lelithimba lamasosha lizozinza eGoma, okuyinhlokodoloba yaseNorth Kivu ukuze akwazi ukusebenza kwizifunda zaseHaut-Uélé, i-Ituri, iNorth Kivu kanye neSouth Kivu, eziyingxenye yeMpumalanga yeDRC.

Obeyilandela eyokubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo phakathi kweDRC neRwanda ubengasithakasela lesinqumo njengesikhombisa ugqozi kumazwe angomakhelwane ukwelekelela lelizwe kwizingqinamba elibhekene nazo. Kepha, uma lesinqumo sicubungulwa okucacayo ukuthi amanye alamazwe ajube amasosha awo ngenhloso yokulwa ezayo izimpi ezingahlangene nesicelo esafakwa uTshisekedi kule Nhlangano. Isibonelo nje, amasosha aseTanzania nawaseBurundi azinze eSouth Kivu nokuzokwenza kube ‘semthethweni’ ukuba khona kwebutho laseBurundi ebeselivele liseDRC lilwa neqembu elibizwa ngeRED-Tabara labaphekuli zikhundla abavela eBurundi.

Leli butho laseBurundi belikulendawo ngemvume kaHululmeni waseDRC kusukela ngoZibandlela ngowe-2021. Bese kuthi amasosha aseSouth Sudan azoba seHaut-Uélé, nalapho kwaziwa noma kusolwa ukuthi abavukelimbuso ababeyingxenye yeLord’s Resistance Army (LRA) eyayiholwa nguJoseph Kony babhace kulendawo. Bese kuthi awase-Uganda azinze kakhulu eNorth Kivu nase Ituri nalapho kwaziwa ukuthi abavukelimbuso ababizwa i-Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) abasuka e-Uganda babhace khona. Ngamanye amazwi kuyacaca ukuthi lokujutshwa kwamasosha okuthiwa ayogcina ukuthula eDRC ngokuthi adudule iM23 angeke kwenzeke ngoba iningi lawo lizobe libhekene nokwalo.

I-EAC ithumela amasosha ayo nje kube kuvele kunethimba lamasosha ngaphansi kwe-United Nations (UN), elibizwa nge-United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). Inani lamasosha angaphansi kweMONUSCO libalelwa kwi-18,300 nelibuya kumazwe eveli kwangama-34 okubalwa kuwo iNingizimu Afrika, iGhana, i-United States of America (USA), i-United Kingdom (UK), kanye namanye. Nawo lamasosha ngaphansi kweMONUSCO kwakulindeleke ukuthi enze lento okuthiwa awase-EAC azobe ezoyenza.

Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi phambilini, ngowe-2012 iSouthern African Development Community (SADC) nayo yake yayiphaka kuso lesifundazwe saseDRC ngamasosha ayebalelwa kwi-4000 nawo okwakuthiwa ajutshelwe ukuyobhekana neM23. Ngamafuphi, sekuphele iminyaka eminingi lesifundazwe siyi ‘nkambu’ yamasosha aqhamuka emaweni ehlukene, okulokhu kuthiwa angenelela ukusiza elaseDRC libhekane nalabavukeli mbuso.

See Also

Eminye yemibuzo okumele uphendulwe ithi: kuze kube yinini? Yini lena edala ukuthi phezu kwemizamo engaka yamazwe ehlukene ethumela amasosha ahlome eyizingovolo, ahlulwa yini ukwakha uxolo kulesifundazwe esesiphenduke ‘inkambu’, nokuthi anqobe labavukeli mbuso, ikakhulukazi iM23 okuthiwa yiyo ebhebhethekisa udlame, nokubulawa kwezakhamuzi ezingenacala? Okuphinde kudale indida eyokuthi phezu kokusabalala kwamasosha amangaka nokwehluleka kwawo okwakha loluxolo okuthiwa ajutshelwe lona, imikhiqizo yezimbiwa phansi ayimile kulesifundazwe.

Lemikhiqizo yaseDRC neningi layo eliqhamuka kulesifundazwe yenza ngaphezu kwama-95% yenani lempahla eqhmuka eDRC ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngamafuphi, ukungabi khona kokuthula kulesifundazwe akunamthelela kwizimboni nabatshali zimali kulemikhiqizo okwenza ukuthi izinyathelo ezifana nalesi esathathwa yi-EAC nesidingidwe kabanzi kwiNgqungquthela ye-African Union (AU) ephothulwe ngempela sonto edlule kungabonakali njengesinobuqotho kepha siyingxenye yezinhloso zokuphanga umnotho waseDRC nokunikeza amazwe angomakhelwane intuba yokulwa ezayo izimpi. 

  UMnu Senzo Ngubane, uNgoti kwezocwaningo lokudala ukubuyisana nokuthula ezwenikazi i-Afrika

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