Bazokha ngankezonye: Kwembulwe ikhasi elisha kweyase-Ethiopia
UNgubane ungungoti wezindaba ezimayelana ne-Afrika nezokubusa.
Phambilini, kulo leli laboHlanga, sakuveza ukuthi noma ngabe kuthiwani ayikho eyomndeni engaxazululeki, futhi nengaxazululwa ngabangaphandle, ngoba idinga bona abomndeni uqobo. Saphinde sakugcizelela ukuthi, noma ngabe kunjani, lempi yombango yase Ethiopia isiphetho sayo soqhamuka etafuleni, lapho lemihlambi ezalanayo – okunguHulumeni wase-Ethiopia, kanye ne Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) – kepha namuhla ebhekene ngeziqu zamehlo yofakana imilomo ukuze kutholakakle amaqhinga okuthi iphinde ihlangane.
NgoLwesithathu kuleli sonto, ‘kuqopheke umlando’ lapho kudalulwa ukuthi lezinkunzi ezimbili, emveni kokuba setafuleni izinsuku ezi-10, zifinyelele kwisivumelwano sokuthi ayihlale phansi ibambe umthetho.
Lesi yisinyathelo esiyingqophamlando ngoba ngesikhathi kuvela ukuthi kuzoba nezingxoxo baningi abazibiza ngabahlaziyi kepha bebe bengaba ‘qageli’ abashaya phansi ngonyayo ukuthi i-Afrika iyobuya ilambatha kulezingxoxo. Kodwa, njengenjwayelo i-Afrika iphinde yabamangaza ngokuthi lezingxoxo zembule ikhasi elisha kulempi yombango ebisithathe iminyaka eyevile kwemibili yaqubuka.
Lesivumelwano akumele sisithathe njengesizoqeda nya lempi yombango kepha siyisendlalelo kwisisekelo sokwakha ukuthula nokubuyisana e-Ethiopia ngoba siyisigaba sokuqala kwindlela esazohanjwa yilelizwe lesekwa yi-Afrika yonkana.
Kwisitatimende esifushane esikhishwe kwiNhlokodolobha, uHulumeni wase-Ethiopia neTPLF baveze okuthize abavumelene ngakho kulesigaba sokuqala. Kulokhu abakuvezile, okubalulekile ukuvumelana ngokubeka phansi izikhali ukuze kuphele udweshu kwisifunda esiseNyakatho nezwe. Eyokubeka phansi izikhali iyisihloko se-3 kwisivumelwano, nalapho kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifana nokupheza ukwenza izinkulumo-ze namazwi aziswane phakathi kweTPLF noHulumeni nokuyikho obekubhebhethekisa udweshu, ukubuyisela ubukhona nokusebenza kweminyango kaHulumeni kulesifunda obese kumile ngenxa yempi. Isitatimende siphinde saveza ukuthi kuvunyelwene ngohlelo lokubuyisela nokuhambisa izinsiza ezifana nokudla, amanzi, ezempilo, imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle kwizakhamuzi zaseTigray.
Eyezinsiza iyisihloko se-5 kwisivumelwano, nokungesibalulekile ngoba emveni kokuqubuka kwalempi obekukhalazelwa kakhulu kwaba yisinqumo sikaHulumeni wase Ethiopia sokuvimba nokuvalela izinhlangano eziletha izinsiza ukuba zikwazi ukungena eTirgray. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwandiseni indlala, ukuhlupheka kwezakhamuzi nokwesweleka kwezidingo zamihla namalanga ikakhulukazi izinsiza zezempilo.
Isitatimende siphinde saveza ukuthi kuvunyelwene ngokuthi izwe lase Ethiopia linombutho owodwa wezokuvikela, ngakho ke amanye amaqembu ahlomile akhona ezweni kumele abe yingxenye yalo mbutho.
Lokhu kuqukethwe kwisihloko se-6 salesivumelwano, nalapho kuvunyelwene ukuthi abakhuzi bempi nhlangothi zombili bazoqala futhi baqinise izindlela zokuxhumana ukuze kutholakale indlela yokwakha umbutho wezokuvikela owodwa nohambisana noMthethosisekelo wezwe.
Kuzo zonke izihloko zalesivumelwano lesi se-6 singesinye esinzima kakhulu ngoba akuzobalula ukuthi lamaqembu womabili, ikakhulukazi iTPLF isheshe idedele izikhali zayo namasosha ayingxenye yayo ukuba abe ngaphansi kwaHulumeni wezwe. Yingakho isivumelwano siphinde saba nesihloko se-7 nesibhekene nezinyathelo zokwakha nokuvuselela ukuthembana phakathi kweTPLF noHulumeni wase-Ethiopia.
Kulezinyathelo, ngasohlangothini lweTPLF okunye okulindeleke ukuba ikwenze kungabalwa ukuhlonipha uMthethosisekelo wezwe, ukugwema nokupheza ukubutha, ukuqeqesha nokweseka amanye amaqembu aphokophelele ukuqumba phansi umbuso.
Ngasohlangothini luka Hulumeni, izinyathelo okulindeleke ukuba uzithathe ukuze kwande ukuthembana zifaka ukuhoxisa umyalo wokuhlasela iTPLF, ukuhoxisa isinqumo sePhalamande lase-Ethiopia sokuthi iTPLF ingama phekula, kanye nokuletha izinsiza kwizakhamuzi ezizinze kwisifunda saseNyakatho. Ngamanye amazwi, ukufezeka kwezinjongo zalesivumelwano kuncike kakhulu kwizinyathelo eziqukethwe kulesihloko se-7 nokumele zithathwe yilamaqembu womabili.
Esinye sezihloko esibalulekile kulesivumelwano ngese-11, esimayelana nokuQapha, uku Qinisekisa nokuHambisana ngokuvunyelwene ngakho. Kulesihloko, lamaqembu avumelene ngokusungula iKomidi elilodwa elizofaka ozomela iqembu ngalinye, nozomela i-Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) okuyinhlangano yamazwe akwisi fundazwe esibizwa ngeHorn of Africa. Leli Komidi lizoholwa yiNhlangano Yamazwe ase-Afrika yelekelelwa yithimba longoti nochwepheshe kwezokubuyisana nokudala uxolo base-Afrika.
Noma ngabe lelithimba lizoqokwa yiNhlangano Yamazwe ase-Afrika, uHulumeni wase-Ethiopia neTPLF bazokwazi azoqoka uchwepheshe oyedwa ngamunye ukuthi asebenzisane nalelithimba lochwepheshe base-Afrika.
Lezi zihloko zalesivumelwano ngokwehlukana kwazo, ziveza ngokusobala ukuthi isazoba yinde indlela yokwakha ukuthula e-Ethiopia, yingakho sithi lokhu esikubone ngoLwesithathu kuyisiqalo sesisekelo, isiphetho silele kwizinyathelo ezizothathwa abaholi bamaqembu enze lesivumelwano.
Akuthandabuzeki ukuthi lendlela ezohanjwa ngenameva, kepha ukufezeka kwalesivumelwano kulele ekutheni, umholi ngamunye akwazi ukulibona iva lisekude ukuze aligweme, kuthi nalapho selimhlabile akwazi ukulibangula ukuze aqhubeke nohambo. Nalapho ezithole esehlatshwa yiva asola ukuthi ‘lingunoxhaka’ abecushwe ngawo ngelinye iqembu, kulindeleke ukuba ahlabe umkhosi kwiKomidi eliholwa yi Nhlangano Yamazwe ase-Afrika ukuze kubanjiswane libangulwe kunokuba athi uyasichitha isivumelwano.
Asiyiphethe ngokubungaza iNingizimu Afrika ngokubamba iqhaza kulezingxoxo nokuyisinyathelo okumele sethakaselwe ngoba lelizwe lake laba nohlonze eminyakeni eyedlule ekwakheni uxolo ezwenikazi.
Ukuzibandakanya nezingxoxo zase Ethiopia kwandisa amathemba okuthi iNingizimu Afrika ivuselela izinjongo zayo zokuzibandayanka nakweminye imizamo ekhona e-Afrika yokwandisa ukuthula.