Impi yomhlaba iyeza: Amazwe omhlaba asehlome aphelele kuswelakele ozogadla
- Amazwe amathathu anamandla kwezempi azazelene
- Isabelomali sezempi sikhuphukile ngamaphesenti ayisi-7
Selokhu kwathi nhlo ukuhleleka kwezempi ezizweni nasemazweni ehlukene bekumqoka ngoba bekungakhulumi nje kuphela ngokuvikeleka kwaleso sizwe noma kwalelo lizwe kuphela kepha bekuveza nenhloso ebanzi ngekusasa.
Kupolitiki yesimanje ukuba khona kwezimpi ezimbili zomhlaba eyokuqala ngowe-1914 emuva kokusocongwa kwe-Archduke uFranz Ferdinand wase-Austria kanye naleyo yesibili ngowe-1939 ngesikhathi iGermany igasela ePoland.
Okugqamayo ngalezi zimpi wukuthi yize zaqalwa yizigameko ezithile kepha vele amazwe lawa ayezazelene futhi ehlome ngokwanele ukuthi angacelana iqhude. Ucwaningo lwakamuva ngezempi emhlabeni jikelele luveze ukuthi ihlathi lomile kuswelakele onomentshisi ongaqala nje impi bese liba ngamalangabi. Kuvele ukuthi amazwe amakhulu amqoka asehlome aphelele.
Ngokombiko wabakwaStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) isabelomalli sezempi emhlabeni sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayisi-7 ukwedlula izigidigidi eziyizi- $2 113.
Emazweni amahlanu ahamba phambili ekuhlomiseni ezempi yi-United States, iChina, i-India, i-United Kingdom neRussia. Okuvelile ukuthi lamazwe ehlangene enza amaphesenti angama-62 % awasebenzisile.
I-United States okuyiyo ehamba phambili igxile kakhulu ekucwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezempi nokukhuphuke kwaze kwafika kumaphesenti angama-24 kusuka ngowezi-2012 kuya kowezi-2021.
Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi leli lizwe lizihlomisa ngobuchwepheshe besimanje ukuze libe ngenhla kunawo onke amazwe uma kufikwa kwezobuchwepheshe bezempi. Kulokhu leli lizwe libukeka ligwema ukwedlulwa yizimbangi zalo ezifana neChina neRussia uma kufika ebuchwephesheni bezempi.
AmaShayina kawabangisi nje kuphela iMelika ngokomnotho kepha nakuzo ezempi. Lelilizwe lichithe izigidigidi ezingama-$293 kwezempi ngonyaka owedlule nokukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-4.7.
AmaShayina anohlelo olumileyo lokuhlomisa izwe nolubizwa nge-5th Five-Year Plan okusobala ukuthi ngalo ifuna ukubusa umhlaba. Lolu hlelo luqondene ngqo nokuseka ukukhula kwaleli lizwe kwezomnotho nokuthiwa ngowe-2025 izobe isidlisela i-USA ogageni.
Lokhu kukhula kweChina kwenza namazwe ayizungezile njengeJapan ne-Australia nawo akhothuluze kulokho anakho ukuze akwazi ukuzivikela uma inkanyamba eyiChina isivusa ikhanda. Yikho lokhu nokwenza i-USA ifune ukusondelana nala mazwe kokunye iwaxhase ngoba ibuka ubungozi beChina. Emveni kokuvunywa okokuqala kwesabelomali sangowezi-2021, uHulumeni waseJapan wengeze ngezigidigidi eziyisi-$7.0 kwezokuvikela.
Kwenyuka ukusebenza kwemali ngamaphesenti ayisi-7.3 kwafinyelela ezigidigidini ezingama-$54.1 ngowezi-2021, okwaba wukwenyuka okukhulu kusukela ngowe-1972. Ukusebenza kwezimali zezempi kwase-Australia nakho kwenyukile ngowezi-2021 ngama-4.0% kwafinyelela ezigidigidini ezingama-$31.8.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi iRussia nayo kule minyaka emithathu eyedlule yenyuse uxhaso lwezempi lwaya ezigidigidini ezingama-$65.9 okuwukwenyuka ngama-2.9%.
Leli lizwe lisebenzise inzuzo eliyithole ekukhiqizeni nasekuhwebeni ngegesi nowoyela ukuze likhuphule amandla alo ezempi nokuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu amazwe asetshonalanga. Isabelomali sezokuvikela sezwe iRussia esingama-75% sokusebenza kwemali kwezempi okubandakanya izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokuthengwa kwezikhali kwabuyekezwa kwenyuka njengoba kuqhubeka unyaka.
Isamba sokugcina kube yizigidigidi ezingama-$48.4, okungama-14 ngaphezu kwalokho obekwabelwe khona ngokuphela kowezi-2020 ngokusho kombiko wabakwaSIPRI.
Lesi sithombe ngeRussia siveza ngokusobala ukuthi impi elwela e-Ukraine akuyona eyalela lizwe nje kuphela kepha kududulana izinkunzi kupolitiki yamazwe nakusimomazwe nokuthi ongahle ayinqobe angabusa umhlaba ngakwezempi.
Okunye okuqaphelekayo osekwenzekile:
- Ngowezi-2021 isabelomali sezempi e-Iran senyuke okokuqala eminyakeni emine safinyelela ezigidigidini ezingama-$24.6. Ukuxhasa ngezimali i-Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps kuqhubekile kwakhula ngowezi-2021 ngama-14% kuqhathaniswa nangowezi-2020 okwenze ama-34% okusetshenziswa kwemali sekukonke e-Iran.
- Amalungu ayisi-8 e-European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) afinyelele obekuqondwe nguMfelandawonye kwaze kwedlula ngama-2% noma ngaphezu kwemali yezwe eyingeniso emibuthweni ehlomile ngowezi-2021. Kube kuncane ngokukodwa kunowezi-2020 kodwa kwaba kuningi ngokubili kunowezi-2014.
- INigeria yenyuse ukusebenza kwezimali kwezempi ngama-56% ngowezi-2021, kwafinyelela ezigidigidini ezi-$4.5. ukwenyuka kubangwe izinselelo eziningi zezokuphepha njengobudlova obuxakile kanye nokuqubuka kwamahlubuka.
- IGermany okungeyesithathu esebenzisa kakhulu imali eCentral and Western Europe. Isebenzise izigidigidi ezingama-$56.0 kwezempi ngowezi-2021, noma ama-1.3% emalingeniso yezwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali yezempi yehle ngama-1.4% kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2020 ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla email.
- Ngowezi-2021 ukusebenza kwemali yezempi eQatar kwaba yizigidigidi ezili-$11.6 okwenza ukuba ibe ngeyesihlanu ukusebenzisa kakhulu imali eMiddle East. Ukusebenza kwemali yezempi ngowezi-2021 eQatar kwaba ngaphezulu ngama-434% kunowezi-2010, ngesikhathi izwe likhipha imininingo ngoksebenza kwemali ngaphambi kokwezi-2021.
- Ukusebenza kwemali yezempi e-India okuyizigidigidi ezingama-$76.6 kube ngokwesithathu okuphezulu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwenyuke ngama-0.9% kusuka ngowezi-2020 kanti ngama-33% kusuka ngowezi-2012. Ekududuleni ukuqinisa imboni yezikhali zomdabu In a ama64% yemali eyabelwe ezempi ngowezi-2021 ayehlonzelwe ukutholakala kwezikhali ezikhiqizwe ngaphakathi ezweni.
Lesi sithombe sokuhloma kwamazwe futhi kube ngamazwe athintekayo ezimpini nasekucijeni kwemikhonto kuwo wonke amazwekazi kusho ukuthi okuncane nje okungasusa umsindo kungabona umhlaba usuphakathi empini yesithathu nengaphindisela iminotho yamazwe emuva kwande nenhlupheko yabantu kungakhathazekile ukuthi luhlanga luni.