Sekulele ezakhamuzini ngokuzokwenzeka eSudan
Uma kukhona abaholi bamazwe ehlukene nalabo bezinhlaka ezifana ne-African Union (AU), i-European Union (EU), kanye ne-United Nations (UN) abangathi isigameko sakamuva eSudan lapho umbuso uqunjwe phansi amasosha siyabamangaza kungabe uHubhu kaBhejane. Zimbili izizathu ezisenza sisho lokhu. Esokuqala, ukuthi obenguMengameli wezwe aphinde abe uSihlalo weSovereign Council obekunguHulumeni waseSudan, uJenene Abdel Fatta al-Barhan ezinkulumweni ezithize ngasese zangaphambili wayekubeka kucace ukuthi amasosha aseSudan nezinhlaka ezahlukene zokuphepha angeke zingangeneleli ezweni uma zibona ukuthi isimo sepolitiki simazonzo.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi, sekuphele izinyanga ezevile kweziyi-6 kunemibhikisho eSudan, ikakhulukazi kwiNhlokodolobha iKhartoum, nalapho izakhamuzi bezikhalazela ukuntenga kwesimo somnotho ebezithi yikho okudala ukwentuleka kwemisebenzi nokwenyuka kwamanani ezidingo zansuku zonke. Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi le mibhikisho ingapheli, iSovereign Council yabe isiqala ukujuba amasosha ezindaweni ezahlukene ngenjongokugwema ukusabalala kwemibhikisho. Kepha ukungapheli kwale mibhikisho kwakumele kube yinkomba yokuthi ezokuphepha zizogadla.
Nangempela, enkulumweni eyenziwe uJenene Al-Barhan emveni kokuvela kwemibiko yokuthi sebelithathile izwe, igxile ekutheni benze lokhu ngoba behlose ukubuyisela ukuthula ezweni. Esesibili, nesisondelene kakhulu nomlando wokubuswa kwezwe eSudan ngesokuthi vele ezokuphepha ikakhulukazi amasosha ayehlezi engenelela kwezepolitiki.
Kukhulunywa nje, kusukela ngowe-1958 mhlazane iSudan ithola inkululeko kungabalwa amahlandla ayisi-5 lapho umbuso waketulwa amasosha esokugcina saba ngowe-1989 lapho izintambo zathathwa uJenene uAl-Bashir kwaze kwaba ekuphumeni kwakhe ngendluzula emveni kwemibhikiso ngowezi-2019. Ngamanye amazwi, lesi sigameko sakamuva kumele sibe yisifundo kwabaningi sokuthi iSudan ingelinye lamazwe okuyothatha iminyaka ukuthi amandla nethonya lwezokuphepha okubenza bazibone kuyibo okumele baphathe izwe ukuba kuphele.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi iSudan, kusukela ngowezi-2019 mhla kuphuma u-Al-Bashir, kwathungwa uHulumeni wesikhashana owawubizwa ngeSovereign Council. Lo Hulumeni wabe uthungwe futhi uhlanganisa izinhlaka ezimbili, obekuyiTransitional Military Council (TMC) eholwa ngamasosha, kanye neForces of Freedom and Change (FCC) eyabe iyimbumbe yabaholi bamaqembu ezepolitiki nezinhlaka ezizimele ezweni. Ngokwesivumelwano sowezi-2020, bekulindeleke ukuthi kule nyanga uMengameli u-Al-Barhan ehle esikhundleni adedele inkundla ukuze iSovereign Council iqoke oyilungu leFCC ekubeni uMengameli wezwe.
Ngokwesivumelwano, lolu hlelo lwalumiswe ukuze izwe likwazi ukuya okhethweni ngowezi-2023, kwakuwuhlelo futhi olwalwenzelwe ukuthi lunikezele isikhathi sokuthi iFCC nabezokuphepha basebenzisane ngokubambisana kuze kufike isikhathi sokhetho. Kepha, iTMC ikubeke kwacaca ukuthi ayizimisele nakancane ukudedela izintambo zombuso. Ngakho-ke, kulabo abekade beseka ukusebenza kweSovereign Council, nabekade benethemba lokuthi iSudan ayisophinde iphathwe ngabezokuphepha umkhonto usujame enxebeni ngoba okwamanje akukho okutheni okubonakala bengakwenza ukuguqula isinqumo esesithathiwe.
Noma abaholi bezokuphepha bengagxekwa, njengoba izinhlaka ezifana ne-UN, ne-AU sezenzile enye engeke ibalekelwe ngeyokuthi, kwayona iFCC ibisizigwaze ngowayo ngokwehluleka ukuqhubeka nokuba yimbumba, ikhulume ngazwi linye njengoba yenza ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kukaHulumeni wesikhashana. Besekuphele izinyangana amalungu eFCC ekhombana ngeminwe, engaboni ngasolinye ngezinqubomgomo zeSovereign Council, nokudale ukuthi ize iqhekeke phakathi.
Noma singahlose ukubathwesa ijoka ngesenzo sakamuva samasosha, kepha bekuthandabuzeka ukuthi leli qembu lizokwazi ukukhuluma ngazwi linye uma sekufike isikhathi sokuqoka loyo obekulindeleke ukuthi angene kwisikhundla sika Al-Barhan. Njengoba izinto sezenzeke ngale ndlela, sekulele kwiFCC ukuthi ike ibuyele etafuleni, abaholi bayo ngokwehlukana kwabo, bazikhothe amanxeba bese bebonisana ukuthi yini abangayenza ukuze bakwazi ukuphinda babe yimbumba ezokwazi ukumelana ngezingxoxo neTMC.
Okunye okubalulekile kepha okungeke kuvunywe ngukuthi bakhona abaholi bamazwe athize ‘abasesekayo buthule’ isinqumo sokuqunjwa phansi kwe Sovereign Council nokuyisenzo esizoqinisa amandla siphinde sandise nendima ezohlakulwa ezokuphepha ngokumele kwenzeke ezweni. Lokhu sikusho ngoba, baningi abekade bethi ayikho ebaluleke ukwedlula ukuthi kube nozinzo eSudan ngenxa yesimo sepolitiki esifundazweni iHorn of Afrika.
Impi yombango ekhona e-Ethiopia – nengumakhelwane weSudan – izingxoxo ezingakaphothulwa phakathi kweSudan kanye neSudan People’s Liberation Movement –North (SPLM-N), udweshu olusaqhubekile phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene kwisifunda saseSudan iDarfur, isimo ezintengayo kwezepolitiki eSouth Sudan, kudinga ukuthi uHulumeni okhona eSudan azibambisise izintambo zombuso. Ngaleyo ndlela, bakhona abekade bengenawo amathemba okuthi uma ngase uHulumeni uholwe ngoyilungu leFCC, kungase wehluleke ukubhekana ngqo nazo zonke izimo esezibaliwe.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe lesenzo sakamuva sizolokhu sigxekwa, kepha kothatha isikhathi ukuthi kubonakale izinyathelo ezinqala ezikhombisa intshisekelo nengcindezi yokuthi u-Al-Barhan ehle esikhundleni bese kubuyela uHulumeni wesikhashana. Kukhona abathi isinqumo esidalulwe yi-United States of America (USA) sokuhoxisa imalimboleko eyizigidi ezingama-$700 ikhombisa futhi izofaka ingcindezi ku-Al-Barhan.
Lokhu asiboni kwenzeka ngoba i-USA akuyona yodwa ebinobudlelwane neSudan, amazwe athize asesifundazweni iGulf Region afana neSaudi Arabia, ne-United Araba Emirates (UAE) nawo ayizikhondlakhondla ngokwawo, anobudlelwano nalelizwe ngakho-ke angakwazi ukungenelela ngezezimali uma isidingo sikhona ukuze kuvaleke igeba elizobe livulwe yisinqumo se-USA. Ngamanye amazwi, kuncane okungenziwa okwamanje, ithemba selilele ezakhamuzini zaseSudan – okuyizo vele ezaqumba phansi u-Al-Bashir ukuthi mhlasimbe zizokwazi ukuzihlela, zimelane namasosha asethe chithi saka ezweni, zibhikishele ukuthi kubuyiselwe uHulumeni obukade ukhona wesikhashana nokubandakanya amaqembu ezepolitiki ehlukene.
