Isishingishane siqubule uthuli lwamboza iChina
Zigqunqe zamnyama emini izingxenye ezisenyakatho eChina, okubalwa nenhlokodolobha iBeijing, ngenxa yokungcola komoya okudalwe isivunguvungu sesihlabathi. Kusukela ngempelasonto isimo somoya eBeijing besilokhu singesihle njengoba nesexwayiso besiveza ukuthi umoya awuphephile.
NgoMsombuluko abantu baseBeijing bavuke idolobha liphuzi ngenxa yenkungu yothuli kanti isikhungo esiqapha isimo sezulu eChina sibike ukuthi lokhu kudalwe isishingishane sezintuli. Lesi sikhungo sithi lesi sishingishane sezintuli isona esibi ukudlula lezo esezike zaba khona kule minyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule. Ukwehla kwalezi zigameko zesishingishane kule minyaka yakamumva kudalwe uhlelo lokutshalwa kwezihlahla ukunqanda ukwanda kwezindawo eziwugwadule oseludonse iminyaka cishe engamashumi amane. Nokho izihlahla azizivimbanga izintuli ebezisuka ogwadule eduze neBeijing.
Isikhungo esiqapha isimo sezulu sithe ayishumi nomuvo amadolobha ezweni lonke abe nomoya ubugcwele izintuli nesihlabathi ngoMsombuluko. Ngokusho kwalesi sikhungo, izintuli nesihlabathi kuqubuke eMongolia ngeSonto ebusuku ziphephethwa umoya obandayo kanye nesishingishane.
Bayishumi abantu okubikwa ukuthi bashonile kwathi abangama-590 kwabikwa ukuthi banyamalele ngenxa yalesi sishingishane.
Lo moya ogcwele izintuli nesihlabathi uhambe waze wafika ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho eChina ngoMsombuluko, okubalwa kuzo iXinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, iHebei, neBeijing.
Idolobha iBeijing, nelisondelene nalapho kuqubuke khona isishingishane, ilona elibe nezinga eliphezulu lokungcola komoya njengoba izinga lezinhlayiya zokungcola ezinobungozi nezibizwa ngePM10 beliphezulu kakhulu kunalelo elivumelekile ngaphansi kweWorld Health Organization (WHO). Izinga lePM10 likhuphuke lafinyelela ezi-10,000 zamaMicrograms nge-m3 (mg/m3), ngesikhathi izinga elamukelekile ngokweWHO liyi-180 mg/m3. Isikhungo esiqapha isimo sezulu sikhiphe isexwayiso ngezinga eliphezulu lokungcola komoya, saphinde sayalela abantu ukuthi bahlale izindlini, bavale amafasitela noma bafake izifonyo uma bephumela phandle.
Umoya ogcwele izintuli uphoqe ukuthi kumiswe izindiza ezingamakhulu amane eBeijing ngoMsombuluko, ngokusho kwenkampani yezokuvakasha iFlymanager.
Umoya uze wabangcono ngoLwesibili lapho ilanga belibalele khona kubonakala nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza enhlokodolobha yaseChina.
Nokho lo moya ohlanzekile uhlale usuku olulodwa njengoba umoya obuheleza ntambama kubikwa ukuthi uphinde wabuyisa ukungcola ngoLwesithathu.
Isikhungo esibhekelele ukugcinwa kwemvelo, iBeijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, sibike ukuthi izinga lokungcola komoya lizoqhubeka libe libi kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwesonto.
“EBeijing kulindeleke ukuthi umoya ongcolile ube sezingeni eliphansi kuya kweliphakathi, kuthi kwezinye izindawo umoya ube mubi kakhulu,” kusho isitatimende sesikhungo esiqapha isimo sezulu.
Nokho uMnyango Wezemvelo uqagula ukuthi kwisigamu sesibili senyanga kusuka zili-16 kuya zingama-31 kuNdasa izingxenye eziningi zaseChina zizoba nesimo esihle somoya.
Kuphinde kwavela ukuthi izindawo ezisenyakatho, okubalwa neBeijing, zizoqhubeka zibe nomoya ongcolile ozothi awufuze lowo obonakele kuleli sonto. “Ingxenye enkulu yezwe izoba nomoya omuhle isikhathi esiningi. Ngasekupheleni kwesonto kuzoba nesimo sezulu esinezintuli eziningi kanye nesihlabathi, ingxenye enkulu yasenyakatho neChina izoba nezinga eliphansi kuya kweliphakathi lomoya ongcolile,” kusho isikhungo esiqapha isimo sezulu.
IBeijing kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esinezintuli nesihlabathi esingcolisa umoya ekupheleni kwesonto, kuthi phakathi komhla zili-18 kuya mhla zingama-30 kuNdasa kuzoba nezikhathi lapho umoya umuhle khona noma ube nezinga eliphansi lokungcola.
Kumadolobha angamashumi amabili anomoya ongcole kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ayishumi nesithuba asezweni laseChina.
UHulumeni ukhipha isimo somoya njalo, kanti uma izinga lokungcola liphezulu uphinde uxwayise abantu ukuthi bahlale ezindlini noma bafake izifonyo uma bephumela phandle.
Izinga eliphezulu lokungcola komoya kungenzeka lidale izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi kulabo bantu abavele babuthaka empilweni. Izimoto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle ukuphehla ugesi izinto ezibalwa phakathi kwalezo ezigcolisa umoya kakhulu eBeijing.
Idolobha iBeijing elinabantu abaliniselwa ezigidini ezingama-21 kubikwa ukuthi linezimoto ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-5.5.
Nokho kule minyaka eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, kubikwa ukuthi isimo somoya sesibonakale siba ngcono. Ukuguqukela emandleni kagesi angangcolisi umoya kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezihamba ngebhethri ezinye zezinto esezidale ukuthi kube nokwehla kwamazinga okungcola komoya.
Cishe wonke amatekisi asedolobheni lase-Beijing awohlobo lwemoto ehamba ngebhethri neyenziwe inkampani eyenza izimoto zikagesi iBeijing Electric Vehicle (BJEV) engaphansi kweBAIC, nokungenye yezinkampani eziphambili ekukhuqizeni izimoto zikagesi eChina.
Kusenjalo, abezindaba eSouth Korea basole iChina ngesivunguvungu sothuli esibikwe ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nezwe ngoLwesibili.
Nokho iChina iyichithile le mibiko, nalapho abanye kuleli lizwe besole khona iSouth Korea ngokuzama ukubhebhethekisa isithombe esibeka iChina njengezwe elidume ngokungcolisa umoya. Okhulumela uMnyango Wezangaphandle, uZhao Lijian uthe umoya ogcwele izintuli uqubuke eMongolia wadlula eChina kodwa ayizange isole muntu yona ngalokho.
Uthe kunokukhombana ngeminwe, kuzomele abezindaba babike izindaba zezesayensi ngokungachemi kuphinde kube nokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe nezinhlangano zomhlaba.