IChina ayiwafaki amazwe athuthukayo emgibeni wezikweletu – Abacwaningi
Abukho ubufakazi obukhomba ukuthi iChina iphoqa amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi angene ezikweletini ukuze ishaqe impahla yawo, ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamumva.
USolwazi wezomnotho uDeborah Brautigam waseJohns Hopkins University ophinde abe umqondisi weChina Africa Research Initiative (CARI) uthule umbiko wale nhlangano engqungqutheleni yeBelt and Road Initiative. Uthe ngokwabo lo mgibe wezikweletu uyinganekwane yalabo abafuna ukukhipha iChina inyumbazane.
Umbiko weCARI uphikisana nezinsolo ezenziwe iWashington ngaphansi kwaloyo obenguMengameli uDonald Trump ukuthi iBeijing ifaka amazwe emgibeni wezikweletu ukuze izenzele umathanda kuwo.
ICARI icubungule inqwaba yamadokodo aqukethe imali iChina eyifake ezinhlelweni zokwakha ingqalasizinda emazweni ahlukene.
Uthe abukho ubufakazi ababutholile obukhomba ukuthi iChina isike yashaqa impahla emazweni ase-Afrika ngenxa yokwehluleka kwamazwe ukukhokha imali abolekwe yona.
UBrautigam uthe emalini ekweletwa amazwe ase-Afrika, ingxenye engama-19% kuphela okungeyaseChina. IWorld Bank iyona eboleke amazwe ase-Afrika imali eningi, njengoba ingxenye yayo kungama-23%.
Amazwe amaningi kuleli zwekazi kubikwa ukuthi asenkingeni yokwehluleka ukukhona izikweletu anazo ngesikhathi. Amazwe akweleta iChina imali eningi, nokuyi-Angola, iDjibouti, iCameroon, i-Ethiopia, iKenya, iRepublic of Congo, iZambia kanye neZimbabwe, asesayinde izivumelwano zokuxegiselwa izikweletu.
UBrautigam uthe iChina iyakunaka ukuthi inesandla ekucwileni kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ezikweletini, ngokunjalo “sebezisulile ezinye zezikweletu.”
Uthe lezi zikweletu azihlobene nemali ebolekwe kamumva kodwa isikweletu esidala sangeminyaka ye-1970 kuya kweye-1980. “Nokho akusiyo imali enkulu njengoba kweminye iminyaka ibalelwa ezigidini ezili-$10 kuthi kweminye ibe sezigini ezingama-$595 e-Afrika yonke.”
Ngokombiko weCARI, ngonyaka wezi-2019, iChina isule isikweletu esilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-$233 e-Afrika. Enkulu imali isulwe ngowezi-2001 kanye nangowezi-2007, njengoba isikweletu esisuliwe sibe ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-$500 kuyo yomibili iminyaka.
Izinsolo zokuthi iChina isebenzisa imali eyiboleka amazwe asathuthuka ukuzenzela umathanda kuwona ziqubuke emva kokuvela kwamahlebezi ngowezi-2017 okuthi leli zwe selishaqe ichweba laseSri Lanka iHambantota ngoba uHulumeni wakhona uhlulekile ukukhokha isikweletu.
Nokho umbiko weCARI ukuchithile ukuthi iChina ilishaqile leli chweba, njengoba umbiko wayo uthole ukuthi inkampani yaseChina inamasheya angama-70% ohlelweni ebambisane kulo neSri Lanka Ports Authority ukuphatha leli chweba. ISri Lanka nayo yayichitha imali eyisigidigidi esiso-$1.31 iChina eyayiboleka yona ukwakha ichweba yabe iwumgibe wokucwilisa leli lizwe ezikweletini.
Ephawula ngalokho okutholwe umbiko, loyo okhulumela uMnyango Wezangaphandle eChina, uWang Wenbin, uzichithe njengamampunge izinsolo zokuthi iChina ifaka ngamabomu amazwe athuthukayo emgibeni wezikweletu.
“Alikho nelilodwa izwe lase-Afrika elibe nezinkinga zokukhokha izikweletu zalo ngenxa yokusebenzisana neChina,” kusho uWang.
Uthe abakaze bafake amazwe ingcindezi ukuthi bakhokhe imali iChina ebabokele yona futhi bahlezi bekulungele ukuzama uxoxisana namazwe axakekile ukuze kutholakale izisombululo zokubhekana nezikweletu.
“Silandela isivumelwano abaholi baseChina nabase-Afrika abafinyelela kuso kanye neG20 DSSI (Debt Service Suspension Moratorium emhlanganweni ngowezi-2020 ngenxa yengcindezi yokhuvethe). Sesisayinde izivumelwano zokuxegiswa kwezikweletu namazwe ayishumi nesithupha e-Afrika,” kuqhuba uWang.
Wengeze ngokuthi iChina isisule izikweletu ezingenayo inzalo okulindeleke ukuthi zikhokhwe ngonyaka wezi-2022 nokungezamazwe ayishumi nanhlanu.
Uthe lezi zivumelwano zisayindwe ngaphansi kohlaka lokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika kanye neChina iForum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).
