Uphuzo lunemiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi

Emveni kwesimemezelo sikaMengameli wezwe uCyril Ramaphosa ngeledlule sokuvumela ukusatshalaliswa nokuthengwa kotshwala, ngicabange ukuthi kuzobaluleka ukukhumbuza abantu ngobungozi bokuphuza ngokweqile noma ngokungalawuleki.

Ukuqala kowezi-2021 kube unyaka onzima kubantu abaningi ziqu zabo nasezweni. Abantu baphuza utshwala ngezizathu ezahlukene okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuzikhipha engcindezeni yempilo ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuzidaka kujwayele ukufaka ukuphuza utshwala. ENingizimu Afrika, izibalo eziyamene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala nokudakwa emgwaqeni ziyethusa. 

IStats SA ibika ukuthi:    

• Abashayeli abayisithupa kwabayishumi abafa ezingozini baba nezinga eliphezulu ngokuyingozi likatshwala egazini labo. 
• Abantu asebekhulile abayizi-3000 abahamba ngezinyawo bafa ezingozini zezimoto ngonyaka. Amaphesenti angama-70 abo basuke bedakiwe ngesikhathi befa.
• Ophenyweni ngokusetshenziswa budlabha kwezidakamizwa, amaphesenti angama-50 abashayeli bamaloli nangama-30 abashayeli bamatekisi bebephuza utshwala noma bebhema insangu. 
• Uma usemgwaqeni ebusuku, oyedwa kubashayeli abayisi-7 abasebenzisa umgwaqo kanye nawe kunamathuba okuthi udakiwe.
• Uma uphuza kanye amathuba akho okudala ingozi ayaphindaphindeka.
• Ukuphuza utshwala budlabha kudla iNingizimu Afrika okungenani izigidigidi eziyisi-9 ngonyaka ngokweMedical Research Council (MRC). 
• Izindleko zezomnotho eziyamaniswa nokuphuzwa kabi kotshwala emsebenzi zingaba kusigidigidi esi-1.7 samadola okungama-2% engeniso lezwe ngonyaka ngokweMRC. 
• Amaphesenti angaphezulu kwama-60 abantu abangeniswa emagunjini abalimele kakhulu ezibhedlela kungenxa yophuzo oludakayo kusho iMRC. 

Yini ukuphuza ngokweqile?

Lesi isimo lapho umuntu ephuza inani elikhulu lotshwala esikhathini esincane, isibonelo, uma umuntu wesilisa ephuza iziphuzo ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa noma owesifazane ephuza ezine noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa.  Umuntu ophuza ngale ndlela akukhona ukuthi useyisigqila sotshwala kodwa angaba yiso. Angahlala amasonto noma izinyanga engabuthinti utshwala kodwa kuthi mhla ebuphuza aphuze kakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lokuphuza lungaba yingozi empilweni yakho njengokuba yisigqila sotshwala uma kuwukuthi sekwenzeke isikhathi eside. Ukuphuza kakhulu futhi ngokushesha kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwendlela umuntu alawula ngayo imoto, athatha ngayo izinqumo, ukwenza izinto ngaphandle kokucabanga nokunye ukusebenza komzimba okungaholela ebungozini obukhulu empilweni nasemphakathini.

Yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezingadaleka?

Ezesikhathi esifishane:

• Ibhabhalazi 
• Izinkinga zesisu
• Ubuthi botshwala, lokhu obunye ubungozi obukhulu bokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile. Isimo esibi esenzeka uma kunotshwala obuningi emigudwini yegazi okungadala ukuma kokusebenza kwezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho ezilawula ukusebenza komzimba njengokuphefumula, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokulawula ukushisa. Izimpawu zalokhu zingafaka ukudideka kwengqondo, ukuphalaza, ukudlikiza, inkinga yokuphefumula, ukushaya kancane kwenhliziyo, isikhumba esimbi nezinga eliphansi lokushisa komzimba. Kungaze kuholele ekuqulekeni isikhathi eside kugcine ngokufa. Ubuthi botshwala kudinga ukusheshe kwelashwe kwezinye izikhathi ukungeniswa esibhedlela ukuze umuntu abhekisiswe. Lesi simo singaholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okungelapheki noma ukufa.
• Izifo ezithathelana ngokocansi nokukhulelwa okungahleliwe ngenxa yezinqumo ezithathwa kungacatshangiwe nezingalungile. 
• Ukwanda kwamathuba okuthola ukhuvethe kwazise kunzima kubantu abangekho esimweni esikahle ukuqhelelana kanjalo nesimo sokwenza izinto ngaphandle kokucabanga ngenxa yotshwala.

Ezesikhathi eside:

• Imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi sokubeletha okungafaka ukuphuphunyelwa isisu, ukubeletha ingane isishonile nokugula kwengane ngenxa yophuzo. Utshwala bungadala izinkinga ekukhuleni kwengane esesiswini okubalwa nangesikhathi umama engakazi ukuthi uzithwele. Ukuphuza ukhulelwe kungadala izinkinga ekukhuleni kwengane, engqondweni, ukuzalwa kwengane inesisindo esincane, izinkinga ekuzipatheni nokusebenza komqondo wayo. 

Ingqondo yengane ikhula ngesikhathi isesiswini kanti utshwala kungayiphazamisa. Ukuphuza utshwala ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala ukhulelwe kungenza ingane ibe nobuso obunesimo esingajwayelekile njengokundlaleka kwengxenye ephakathi kwekhala nodebe olungenhla.   

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengane noma umbungu, okubizwa ngeFoetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi utshwala obusegazini likamama budlulela enganeni buhamba ngomzanyana.

Izingane ezinalokhu kuphazamiseka zibonakala ngalokhu: 

• Ubuso obunesimo esingajwayelekile
• Ikhanda elincane
• Ubufishane ngendlela engajwayelekile
• Isisindo somzimba esincane
• Ukuphuza ukuphimisa amagama ngendlela
• Ukuba nomfutho oweqile
• Inkinga yokufunda esikoleni
• Ukucabanga kancane
• Izinkinga zamehlo nokuzwa
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinso noma amathambo

Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele, zikhona ezinye izimo ezingabaluliwe lapha.

• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo nesibindi.
• Umdlavuza womlomo, womphimbo, wesibindi, nowekholoni.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa okuholela ekukhohlweni nasezinkingeni zokufunda. 
• Ukuphila ngotshwala: maningi amathuba okuba yisigqila sotshwala kumuntu oqale ukuphuza esamncane. Sekuvelile ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-25 alabo abaqala ukuphuza utshwala beneminyaka yobudala engaphansi kweli-17 bagcina sebeyizigqila zotshwala uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti ali-10 alabo abaqala uphuzo sebedlule eminyakeni yobudala engama-21. 

Izingozi ezingathinti ezempilo

• Ukulimala ngokungenhloso njengezingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, ukusha, ukuminza nokunye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi utshwala bukhubaza izingxenye eziningi zokusebenza komzimba:
• Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele: izingilazi ezimbilli zotshwala zenyusa isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo okungenani ngamasekhondi ama-0.2 okusho ukuthi kwenzeka kancane kunesikhathi esejwayelekile uma kukhona into eyenzeka kungazelele uma ushayela uphuzile.
• Ukubona: utshwala buyakuphazamisa okwesikhashana ukubona komuntu. Ngesikhathi banda utshwala egazini, ukubona nasebusuku kuyaphazamiseka okwenza kube nzima ukuthatha isinqumo ngokuthi into ephambi kwakho ikude kangakanani, ungabona izinto ziphindaphindekile, ungaboni kahle uma kukhona ukukhaya kwezimoto ophambana nazo. 
• Udlame oluhlanganisa ukuzibulala, ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi nokubulala. 
• Izinkinga emsebenzini ngenxa yokungakhiqizi ngendlela okungaholela ekuxoshweni.

Ngicabanga ukuthi ungabubona ububi bokuphuza ngokungalawuleki empilweni yakho nasenhlalweni yezakhamuzi. Uhlu olungenhla aluyibali yonke imiphumela emibi yale ndlela yokuphuza utshwala nokuba yisigqila sabo. 

Okufanele ukwenze

• Phuza ngendlela efanele, unciphise isibalo sotshwala obuphuzayo. 
• Xoxa noma wabelane nabangani ngobungozi bokuphuza ngokweqile.
• Bona izimpawu zobuthi otshwaleni, ubugqila botshwala bese ufuna usizo. 
• Yazi imithi oyisebenzisayo nokuxhumana kwayo notshwala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imithi esetshenziselwa izinhlungu, ukulala nokukhathazeka ingenyusa ubungozi bokuyiphuza ngokweqile noma ngabe uphuze utshwala kancane. 

Lawa maphilisi acindezela izindawo ezithile ebuchosheni ezilawula ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba njengokuphefumula. 

• Ungaphuzi ungadlile futhi phuza amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi usaphuza utshwala. 
• Thola usizo oluphuthumayo noma i-ambulense ngokushesha uma usola ukuthi kukhona onobuthi botshwala.
• Uma wazi kuthi uzophuza utshwala kakhulu, ungashayeli kunalokho sebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi noma uthole ozokushayelela.
• Hlala uzihlola isimo sempilo uma uzazi ukuthi ujwayele ukuphuza kakhulu. 
• Yeka ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe.

Zinakekele wena nomndeni wakho. Thola ezinye izindlela ezinempilo ukukhipha ukhwantalala njengokuzivocavoca. Sonke asikulungele ukuqhubeka nalo nyaka siphilile futhi sisesimweni esihle. Into ukhuvethe olusikhombise yona ukubaluleka kokuzinakekela ngokwenyama nangokomphefumulo.