Abesifazane abaqaphele ngomdlavuza webele nowesibeletho

Njengoba uNcwaba kuyinyanga yabesifazane ngibone kubalulekile ukuba sikhulume ngomdlavuza ojwayelekile kubantu besifazane. Ngonyaka odlule sike sakhuluma embhalweni ngezinto ezithinta umdlavuza.

Kafiushane ukukhumbuza nje, umdlavuza kuwukukhula kwamaseli okungajwayelekile okwenzeka uma amaseli angajwayelekile ehlukana ngokushesha, ukukhula ngaphezu komngcele wawo nokungenzeka ukuthi akapakele kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Umdlavuza isifo sesibili esibulalayo emhlabeni kanti ngowezi-2018 uholele ekufeni kwabantu abayizigidi eziyisi-9.6 okungenani amaphesenti angama-70 wabafa kungabasemazweni angacebile. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile ezingabeka umuntu engcupheni yokuthola umdlavuza ukubhema ugwayi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, umkhuba wokungadli ngendlela, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nokungazivocavoci.

IWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ibika ukuthi izigameko zokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza esibalweni sokukodwa kokuthathu zidalwa yilezi zimo ezibalulwe ngenhla.

Kunamagciwane aziwayo ayamaniswa nengcuphe ephezulu yokungenwa yizinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ezifana neHuman Papillomavirus (HPV), umdlavuza webele, iHepatitis B no-C nomdlavuza wesibindi. Umlando womdlavuza emndenini nawo unendima njengoba abantu abanelungu lomndeni elaba nomdlavuza besengcupheni yokuba nawo.

ENingizimu Afrika ngowezi-2018 bekunabantu abanomdlavuza abayi-107 467 kwafa abayizi-57373. Abesifazane abangamaphesenti angama-56 bangenwa yilesi sifo kwafa abangamaphesenti angama-51.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezijwayeleke kwabesifazane

Kulo mbhalo ngizoxoxa kafushane ngezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza kwabesifazane okungowebele nowesibeletho. 

Umdlavuza webele

Umdlavuza webele ujwayeleke kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engaphezulu kwengama-40. Izimbangela eziyamaniswa nezinga eliphezulu lengcuphe yokungenwa umdlavuza webele:

• Abesifazane asebekhulile abakhuluphele ngokweqile basengcupheni enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele
• Ukunganyakazisi umzimba ngokwanele
• Ukubhema notshwala
• Umlando walo mdlavuza elungwini lomndeni eliseduze uthathwa njengengcuphe enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza webele kuba isigaxa esiba sebeleni lowesifazane. Kwezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ngokuqina kwenyama yebele okuthi uma uyithinta kuzwakale kungajwayelekile, ukuguquka kobungako noma umumo webele, uguquko esikhumbeni sebele okufana nezifaca nokuphuma koketshezi ezingonweni. Kufanele sikuqaphele ukuthi omunye umdlavuza webele awubi nazo izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ubuhlungu bujwayelekile kodwa bungaba khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukulawulwa komdlavuza webele

Ukusheshe utholwe nokulawula kwawo yiqhingasu elibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeni ukukhula komdlavuza webele onobungozi ngakho ukuhlola kubalulekile. Sekushiwo ukuthi ukusheshe ubanjwe nokuhlolwa kunganciphisa ukufa kuye kufinyelele kumaphesenti angama-65.

Izindlela ezimbili, ukuhlola ibele njalo ngenyanga nokuthatha izithombe ze-eksireyi  okubizwa ngeMammogram njalo ngonyaka kwabaneminyaka yobudala esuka kwengama-40 kuya kwengama-54 naseminyakeni emibili kwabangaphezulu kwengama-50. 

Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ukuhlola amabele ukuze wazi ukuthi amabele akho abukeka futhi azwakala kanjani ezimweni ezijwayelekile ukuze kube lula ukubona uma kunokungajwayelekile. 

Phuthuma kudokotela wakho uma kukhona okubonayo okungajwayelekile ukuze akuhlole futhi kwenziwe nokunye ukuhlolwa uma kunesidingo. Uma uzwa isigaxa ngesikhathi uzihlola ibele, phinda uhlole emasontweni amabili uma isigaxa sisekhona xhumana nomelaphi wakho ozoqinisekisa bese ekuthumela ukuba uyohlolwa ngokuthi kuthathwe isicubu emzimbeni siyohlolwa. Lokhu kuzocacisa ukuthi lesi sigaxa umdlavuza noma cha. 

Umdlavuza wesibeletho

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza ngolwesibili olujwayelekile oluhlasela abesifazane. Ujwayeleke kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-35 nengama-44. Izinto eziyamaniswa nengcuphe yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho ukungcola kweHPV, ukubhema, iHIV, ukuba nabalingani abaningi kwezocansi nezifo ezithelelana ngokocansi nokuqala ukuya ocansini umuntu esemncane ngokweminyaka. 

Izimpawu iziguli ezijwayeleke ukuzitshengisa kuba ukopha okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezikhathi zokuya ezinsukwini, emveni kokuya ocansini, emveni kokuhlolwa isingenzansi noma emveni kokungayi esikhathini ngenxa yeminyaka yobudala nokukhipha uketshezi ngendlela engajwayelekil, olunombala, iphunga nenani okungajwayelekile. Esigabeni sokuqala ogulayo ujwayele ukungabi nezimpawu.

Ukulawula umdlavuza wesibeletho

Ukusheshe utholakale nokuwulawula kuyiqhingasu elibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukwanda komdlavuza nokubhebhethekela kwawo kwamanye amalunga omzimba. 

Zimbili izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukusheshe kutholakale izindawo emzimbeni ezikhomba umdlavuza wesibeletho.

• IPap Smear, okuyindlela elula yokuthi kuxilongwe isitho sangasese sowesifazane ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi awukho yini umdlavuza nokuthi isibeletho siphilile yini: iqala eminyakeni engama-25 kanti yenziwa njalo eminyakeni eli-10 (eminyakeni emithathu kwabane HIV).
• Ukuhlolelwa iHIV kuqala eminyakeni engama-25 nangesikhathi itholakala naseminyakeni eli-10 (iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu kumuntu oneHIV).

Uma kumuntu kubonakala okungajwayelekile uma kwenziwa lezi zindlela zokuhlola angelulekwa ukuba aphinde ahlole esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya kwezili-12 noma athunyelwe ezingeni elilandelayo lebiopsy nokuqinisekiswa komdlavuza.

Olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza lungagwemeka ngokugomela iHPV neHBV. Kuthiwa ukugomela iHPV neHBV kunganqanda isibalo somdlavuza esiyisigidi ngonyaka.

Ukungcola kweHPV kutholakala ngokuya ocansini kanti kunezinye izinhlobo ezixhantele ezingaphezulu kwe-100.

Izimo eziningi zeHPV ziziphelela zona futhi azidali zimpawu.

Ukuqhubeka kweHPV kungadala umdlavuza wesibeletho. Okungenani amaphesenti angama-99 omdlavuza wesibeletho ayamaniswa neHPV ikakhulukazi iHPV 16 ne-18 okuyimixhantela ejwayele ukumataniswa nomdlavuza wesibeletho. 

Ukugomela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zeHPV kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwengcuphe yokungenwa umdlavuza wesibeletho.

IWHO yahlonza ukuthi ukugwemela iHPV iyona ndlela eshibhile yokulwa nomdlavuza wesibeletho futhi yancoma ukuthi izinhlelo zokugwema umdlavuza ziyifake nayo. UMnyango Wezempilo usuvele unayo kanti uzoba nehlandla lesibili lokugomela iHPV kusukela zili-11 kuya zingama-20 kuMandulo.

Okusemqoka

Ukusheshe kubanjwe umdlavuza kubalulekile futhi ekwehliseni ukufa kwabantu okuyamaniswa nomdlavuza. Ukufa ngenxa yomdlavuza kungagwenywa uma usheshe watholwa futhi welashwa. Umdlavuza webele nowesibeletho ungalapheka futhi unezibalo eziphezulu zabalaphekile uma usheshe wabanjwa futhi welashwa.

Izinkinga ezidalwa umdlavuza zibangwa ukuhlonzwa noma ukuziveza kwawo sekuhambe isikhathi. Ukutholakala kwawo sekuhambe isikhathi kujwayele ukuthi kuholele ekusabalaleni komdlavuza ugcine usukhahlameza ezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengezinso, isibindi, amaphaphu, ingqondo namathambo. Uma umdlavuza ususabalele kulezi zingxenye zomzimba kujwayele ukuthi kubenzima ukuwelapha futhi uyamaniswa nengcuphe enkulu yezifo nokufa. 

Kubalulekile ukuzazi izinhlelo zokuhlolwa ukuze uhlolwe futhi usheshe welashwe uma kusolwa umdlavuza. 

Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza zimataniswa nemikhuba engenayo impilo enhle ngakho kubalulekile ukulwela impilo ehlanzekile. Phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangama-50 omdlavuza kunganqandeka ngokuthi kugwenywe noma kushintshwe izimo ezingabeka umuntu engcupheni.

Ukwengeza, kufanele abantu bajwayele ukuhlola ikakhulukazi uma benomndeni onomlando womdlavuza, bagweme noma banciphise izinto ezingababeka engcupheni ezifana nokubhema, ukungadli ngendlela, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nokunye, bathole ukunakekelwa ngokushesha uma kukhona izimpawu abazibonayo.