UMthetho mayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi



UKhumalo ungumeluleki ozimele kwezomthetho wabasebenzi.
INkantolo Yezabasebenzi ikhiphe isinqumo mhla zili-14 kuNcwaba kophezulu. Uma ususifundile lesi sinqumo kuyacaca ukuthi umthetho mayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini uthini. Kuyacaca ukuthi umthetho unikeza maphi amalungelo kubagilwa; naziphi izifundo kithina sonke esithintekayo okuxuba naso isigilamkhuba. Leli esikhuluma ngalo yicala lika-Old Mutual v Makhanda & others okuyisinqumo seNkantolo Yezabasebenzi somhla zili-14/10/2019 uNombolo JR1246/18. Sihlaziya les isinqumo ngenhloso yokufakazela umbono othi: usuvuthwe waze wacaca, umthetho mayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini.
Umgilwa wayesebenza njengondabazabantu (HR) futhi wayesesikhundleni esincane kunesesigilamkhuba sona esasingumphathi wesifunda enkampanini. Omunye wemisebenzi yomgilwa kwakuwukusiza isigilamkhuba ezindabeni ezimayelana nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi. Indaba yasuka ngenkathi babenethuba lokusebenza bodwa umgilwa nesigilamkhuba sebehambile abanye abasebenzi.
Isigilamkhuba sazama ukuqabula umgilwa kodwa wasichiliza. Saqhubekake emva kwalokho simeshela umgilwa simcela ukuba babenethuba lokuphuma bezishayise ngomoya. Umgilwa elokhu esigwema isigilamkhuba. Umgilwa kwamthatha izinyanga engayibiki ngokomthetho lenkinga. Waze wayibika kubaphathi bakhe abameluleka ukuba makasigweme isigilamkhuba. Bameluleka futhi ukuba enze indlela yokuluveza lolu daba. Emuveni kokuluveza, walubika ngokomthetho udaba umgilwa, sabe sesiqondiswa ubugwegwe isigilamkhuba sagcina sixoshwa emsebenzini.
Isigilamkhuba safaka icala lokuxoshwa okungenabulungiswa. Ngenhlanhla yaso, wasivuna uKhomishana walahla umqashi ngecala ethi sasixoshwe ngokungenabulungiswa isigilamkhuba. Zajika izinto eNkantolo Yezabasebenzi ngoba umqashi walwedlulisa icala ekhala ngokuthi uKhomishana wenza iphutha ngesinqumo esasilahle umqashi.
INkantolo yasigxeka ngamazwi aqinile isinqumo sikaKhomishana; yathi wehluleka ukuqondisisa udaba olwaluphambi kwakhe futhi wageja ulwazi lomthetho nomsebenzi wakhe wokuxazulula acubungule ubufakazi obushayisanayo. INkantolo igcizelele ukuthi ukungalubiki udaba lokuhlukunyezwa ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, kakusho ukuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa. Okwesibili iNkantolo ithole ukuthi uKhomishana ugejile ngokunquma ukuthi umgilwa nguye owayegolombe isigilamkhuba kwesinye isigameko lapho ababehlangene khona.
Phela uKhomishana yena wayelahle umgilwa ngelokuthi wehluleka ukulwisa isigilamkhuba sebehlangana kuleso sigameko okwakusho ukuthi wayesithambela isenzo sesigilamkhuba. UKhomishana wayethole ukuthi lokho kuthambela isigilamkhuba kwasinikeza iqholo lokuthi nembala umgilwa uyakuthanda ukuhlukunyezwa. INkantolo yona iwugxekile lowo mbono kaKhomishana yathi ubonisa ukwehluleka ukucubungula ubufakazi nokuchema kukaKhomishana.
Esinye isinqumo sikaKhomishana esigxekwe kakhulu yiNkantolo ngesokuthi kulolu hlobo lwemboni, ukubizelana esidlweni nokuyoxoxa ngasese akuyikho ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi noma kwenziwa ngowesilisa nokwesifazane futhi behlukene ngezikhundla zomsebenzi.
Osesikucacisa emveni kwalesi sinqumo somthetho mayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini yilokhu okulandelayo. Sesiyazi ukuthi kunamiphumela mini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini. Mhlawumbe okumele sikuphindaphinde sikhumbuzane ngakho ukuthi kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi; zenzo zini eziwukuhlukumeza ngokocansi nokuthi zifundo zini esizithola kule mibhalo emayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi.
ESigabeni 60 uMthetho Wezobulungiswa Emsebenzini uNombolo 55 we-1998 uthi izenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ezenziwe emsebenzini mazibikelwe umqashi ngokushesha, nomqashi makathathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukungenelela, alusebenze udaba njengoba kulawula Uhla Lokuziphatha Kahle Ukuqapha Ukuhlukumeza Ngokocansi. Izinkantolo sezikuchazile ukuthi ukwephuza ukubika ngezenzo zokuhlunyezwa kakusho ukuthi isigilamkhuba sesikwe imvume futhi akusenazinyathelo okumele masithathelwe zona
Kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi?
Ukuziphatha okungamukelekile okumayelana nezocansi okungenzeka ngokuthintana noma ngokukhuluma okumayelana nezenzo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo. Ukuthembisa usizo oluthile uma othembisayo ezodizela osesikhundleni noma osemandleni, lona osesikhundleni noma osemandleni aklomelise kuphela lona odiza ngokuvumela isicelo sezocansi ayeke abanye abanegunya lokuthola amalungelo athile ngesizathu sokuthi bona bayenqaba ukuvumela lezo zicelo zokocansi. Okusetshenziswa ngumhlukumezi osesikhundleni kungaba ngumholo othe xaxa, ukukhushulelwa esikhundleni, noma ukuqashwa emsebenzini othile.
Ukusikisela noma ukukhuluma ngokocansi, okungaba ukudlwengula, ukuthinta, ukushaya, ukukhumula, ukweshela ngokubelesela, ukuthumela izithombe zemikhuba yocansi noma ngahlobo luni.
Yinkulumo egigiyela ucansi nezethembiso ezenziwa ngabaphathi abasemagunyeni, zamalungelo athile uma umuntu ezovuma kushiyelwana ucansi. Ukubelesela nokunaka okuphathelene nokocansi lapho obeleselwayo ecacisile ukuthi akakufuni lokho; nalapho lona ongumbelebele ebona ukuthi lokhu akwenzayo akwemukelekile kungukuhlukumeza ngokocansi. Ukweshela, ukunaka uncome noma uthuke umzimba womuntu. Ukushaya ikhwelo ubabaze ubuhle noma ububi bomuntu okumayelana nokocansi. Ukunqunula, noma ukuveza izitho zangasese noma ukubonisa izithombe ezinjalo.
Zifundo zini esizitholayo?
Lezi zenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akusho lutho ukuthi zenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo yomsebenzi noma zenzeka kumuntu ongasebenzi naye: kungaba yikhasitoma, ngozoletha okuthile emsebenzini, yilunga lomphakathi noma ngosebenza kwenye inkampani engumakhelwana.
Bonke laba bayathinteka futhi bavikelekile ngokomthetho ovimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
Ukuthula komgilwa kakusho ukuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa; nokuthula isikhathi eside engakubiki ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe umgilwa, kakumsizi umhlukumezi ngokwesinqumo sikamehluleli ecaleni leRustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd elingunombolo JR 641/2016 samhla zingama-27 kuNhlolanja 2018. Icala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akuyilo elokuboshelwa ukudlwengula. Yize acishe afanane la macala, umthetho uwabuka ngokwehlukile la macala. Ehlukene kakhulu ngezenzo nobufakazi bawo. Nezindlela zokuwehlulela nazo zehlukene. Ayahlangana ngokuthi umdlwenguli uyaboshwa ngokudlwengula aphinde ejeziswe emsebenzini ngokuhlukumeza ngokocansi uma lesi senzo sihlangene nomsebenzi okanye nokuqashwa.
Umqashi uyaboshwa ehlawuliswe uma ehluleka ukuthathela umhlukumezi izinyathelo ngezenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Noma ngabe isenzo sokuhlukumeza sibe sinye asiqhubekanga, kuseyiso esokuhlukumeza ngokocansi, futhi kumele sijeziswe isigilamkhuba. Yanquma kanjalo iNkantolo kwelikaSimmers & Others [2016] 1 BLLR (LAC).
Ziyajiya izenzo ezimayelana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi futhi zijulile ngoba umhlukumezi osemandleni akuyena osesikhundleni nje kuphela. Ikuphawulile lokho iNkantolo ecaleni lamhla zili-19 kuMandulo wonyaka odlule. Yicala le MEC Department of Health Western Cape v KariemNO and Another [2018] ZALCCT 31. Kuleli cala umgilwa usesikhundleni esiphezulu kwesomhlukumezi owayenegunya lokuba ngudokotela ekubeni umgilwa yena eyisiguli. Ngaph.5 ambilini babekade bethandana vele.
Sebehlangana ngoba umgilwa esethi unenkinga yengcindezi yenqondo ecela ukwelashwa ngumhlukumezi. Lokho kwanika umhlukumezi ithuba lokuba umhlukumezi enikeze umgilwa imithi edakayo wase emlala esadidekile umgilwa. Mathathu amacala abekwa wona emsebenzini udokotela oyisigilamkhuba. Okokuqala ukuthi walala nomgilwa endaweni yokusebenza. Okwesibili ukuthi welapha umgilwa ngemithi yesibhedlela ebe engabhalisiwe njengesiguli. Okwesithathu ukuthi umgili wayelale nomgilwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe okuwukumhlukumeza ngokocansi
Lona owayethetha icala emsebenzini wanquma ukusijezisa ngesexwayiso nokusehlisa esikhundleni isigilamkhuba. Kodwa wasithola singenacala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi ngoba ethi kwakunokuvumelana kwababili kulesi senzo, futhi umgilwa wayesesikhundleni esithe xaxa emsebenzini kunesigilamkhuba. Umqashi akanelisekanga wafaka icala eNkantolo efuna ukuba kuguqulwe lesi sigwebo. Izifundo ezikuleli cala zisemibuzweni ethi: wayenze icala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi yini udokotela kulezi zenzo na? Umgilwa wayekwazi yini ukuvuma noma enqabe ucansi edakwe yimithi emdidayo engqondweni? Ingabe udokotela wasebenzisa budedengu igunya lakhe lobudokotela phezu kwesikhundla somgilwa esasithe xaxa kwesikadokotela?
Izifundo zisesiphethweni seNkantolo eyanquma ukuthi: nembala unecala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi udokotela. Wayazi kahle ukuthi le mithi ayeyifake kumgilwa ibanga ukudideka, iphakamise umfutho wegazi nenkanuko yocansi. Ngakho wasebenzisa igunya lobudokotela esigulini ukuze asigile ngokocansi singavumanga ngentando yaso. Ukuthi sasisesikhundleni esiphezulu isiguli esingumgilwa, nokuthi babeke bathandana ngaphambilini akusisizanga isigilamkhuba.
Kwatholakala ukuthi kwakunokungalingani kwamagunya phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli okwasetshenziswa ngudokotela ukwanelisa inkanuko yakhe yezocansi. Ngokwesikhundla sobudokotela nemigomo yaso, udokotela kwakufanele eziphathe kahle uma eselapha umgilwa okwase kuyisiguli esifana nezinye, kungasesona isithandwa ayeke wathandana naso.
Ngakho-ke ukuxoshwa kwatholakala kuyisijeziso esasimfanele udokotela wezimanga. UMthetho Wezobulungiswa Emsebenzini uNombolo 55 we-1998 uqiniisekisa ilungelo loMthethosisekelo lokulingana kwabo bonke abantu. Uhla Lokuziphatha Kahle Ukuqapha Ukuhlukumeza Ngokocansi kumele maluqondisiswe kahle yiwona wonke umuntu. Izenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi zijulile futhi zijiyile kunezokudlwengula ngoba lapho isigiamkhuba siphuma phambili uma ubufakazi bezenzo zaso bungabazeka