Zijulile eziphathelene nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi
SESIYAZI ukuthi kunamiphumela mini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi emsebenzini. Mhlawumbe okumele sikuphindaphinde sikhumbuzane ngakho ukuthi kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi; zenzo zini eziwukuhlukumeza ngokocansi nokuthi zifundo zini esizithola kule mibhalo emayelana nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi. ESigabeni 60 uMthetho Wezobulungiswa Emsebenzini uNombolo 55 we-1998 uthi izenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ezenziwe emsebenzini kumele zibikelwe umqashi ngokushesha, nomqashi athathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukungenelela, alusebenze udaba njengoba kulawula Uhla Lokuziphatha Kahle Ukuqapha Ukuhlukumeza Ngokocansi.
Kuyini ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi? Ukuziphatha okungamukelekile okumayelana nezocansi okungenzeka ngokuthintana noma ngokukhuluma okumayelana nezenzo ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo. Ukuthembisa usizo oluthile uma othembisayo ezodizela osesikhundleni noma osemandleni, lona osesikhundleni noma osemandleni aklomelise kuphela lona odiza ngokuvumela isicelo sezocansi eyeke abanye abanegunya lokuthola amalungelo athile ngesizathu sokuthi bona bayenqaba ukuvumela lezocelo zokocansi. Okusetshenziswa ngumhlukumezi osesikhundleni kungaba ngumholo othe xaxa, ukukhushulelwa esikhundleni, noma ukuqashwa emsebenzini othile.
Ukuthinta noma ukukhuluma ngokocansi, okungaba ukudlwengula, ukuthinta, ukushaya, ukukhumula, ukweshela ngokubelesela, ukuthumela izithombe zemikhuba yocansi noma ngahlobo luni. Inkulumo egigiyela ucansi nezethembiso ezenziwa ngabaphathi abasemagunyeni, zamalungelo athile uma kushiyelwana ucansi. Ukubelesela nokunaka okuphathelene nokocansi lapho obeleselwayo ecacisile ukuthi akakufuni lokho; nalapho lona ongumbelebele ebona ukuthi lokhu akwenzayo akwemukelekile kungukuhlukumeza ngokocansi. Ukweshela, ukunaka uncome noma uthuke umzimba womuntu. Ukushaya ikhwelo ubabaze ubuhle noma ububi bomuntu okumayelana nokocansi.
Ukunqunula, noma ukuveza izitho zangasese noma ukubonisa izithombe ezinjalo. Zifundo zini esizithola emibhalweni emayelana nalesi sihloko? Lezi zenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akusho lutho ukuthi zenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo yomsebenzi noma zenzeka kumuntu ongasebenzi naye: kungaba yikhasitoma, ngozoletha okuthile emsebenzini, yilungu lomphakathi noma ngosebenza kwenye inkampani engumakhelwana. Bonke laba bayathinteka futhi bavikelekile ngokumthetho ovimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Ukuthula komgilwa kakusho ukuvuma ukuhlukunyezwa; nokuthula isikhathi eside engakubiki ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe umgilwa, kakumsizi umhlukumezi ngokwesinqumo sikamehluleli ecaleni leRustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd elingunombolo JR 641/2016 samhla zingama-27 kuNhloanja 2018. Icala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi akuyilo elokuyilo elokuboshelwa ukudlwengula.
Yize ecishe afane, umthetho uwabuka ngokwehlukile la macala. Izenzo nobufakazi bawo ehlukene kakhulu. Nendlela yokuwajaja yehlukene. Umqashi uyaboshwa ehlawuliswe uma ehluleka ukuthathela umhlukumezi izinyathelo ngezenzo zokuhlukunyeza ngokocansi. Noma ngabe isenzo sokuhlukeza sibesinye asiqhubekanga, kuseyiso esokuhlukumeza ngokocansi, futhi kumele masijeziswe isigilamkhuba. Yanquma kanjalo inkantolo kwelikaSimmers & Others [2016] 1 BLLR (LAC). Ziyajiya izenzo ezimayelana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi futhi zijulile ngoba umhlukumezi osemandleni akuyena osesikhundleni nje kuphela. Ikuphawulile lokho iNkantolo ecaleni lamhla ka 19 kuMandulo wonyaka odlule. Yicala leMEC Department of Health Western Cape v Kariem NO and Another [2018] ZALCCT 31.
Kuleli cala umgilwa usesikhundleni esiphezulu kwesomhlukumezi kodwa wayegunyeni lokuba ngudokotela ekubeni umgilwa yena eyisiguli. Ngaphambilini babekade bethandana vele. Sebehlangana ngoba umgilwa esethi unenkinga yencindezi yenqondo eyenza ukuba umhlukumezi emnike imithi edakayo wase emlala esadidekile umgilwa. Mathathu amacala abekwa wona emsebenzini udokotela. Okokuqala ukuthi walala nomgilwa endaweni yokusebenza. Okwesibili ukuthi welapha umgilwa ngemithi yesibhedlela ibe engabhalisiwe njengesiguli. Okwesithathu ukuthi umgili wayelale nomgilwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe okuwukumhlukumeza ngokocansi.
Lona owayethetha icala emsebenzini wanquma ukumjezisa ngesexwayiso nokumehlisa esikhundleni umgili kodwa wamthola engenacala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi ngoba ethi kwakunokuvumelana kwababili kulesi senzo, futhi umgilwa wayesesikhundleni esithe xaxa. Umqashi akanelisekanga wafaka icala eNkantolo efuna kuguqulwe isigwebo. Izifundo ezikuleli cala zisemibuzweni ethi: Wayenze icala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi yini udokotela kulezi zenzo na. Umgilwa wayekwazi yini ukuvuma noma enqabe ucansi edakwe umuthi omdidayo engqondweni? Ingabe udokotela wasebenzisa budedengu igunya lakhe lobudokotela phezu kwesikhundla somgilwa esasithe xaxa kwesikadokotela?
Izifundo zisesiphethweni seNkantolo eyanquma ukuthi nembala unecala lokuhlukumeza ngokocansi udokotela. Wayazi kahle ukuthi le mithi ayeyifake kumgilwa ibanga ukudideka, iphakamise umfutho wegazi nenkanuko yocansi. Ngakho wasebenzisa igunya lobudokotela esigulini ukuze asigile ngokocansi singavumanga ngentando yaso.
Ukuthi sasisesikhundleni esiphezulu isiguli esingumgilwa, nokuthi babeke bathandana ngaphambilini akumsizanga. Kwatholakala ukuthi kwakunokungalingani kwamagunya phakathi kukadokotela nesiguli okwasetshenziswa ngudokotela ukwanelisa inkanuko yakhe yezocansi. Ngokwesikhundla sobudokotela nemigomo yaso, kwakufanele eziphathe kahle uma eselapha umgilwa okwase kuyisiguli esifana nezinye, kungaseyena umuntu ake athandana naye. Ngakho-ke ukuxoshwa kwatholakala kuyisijeziso esasimfanele udokotela. UMthetho Wezobulungiswa Emsebenzini uNombolo 55 we-1998 uqinisekisa ilungelo loMthethosisekelo lokulingana kwabo bonke abantu. Uhla Lokuziphatha Kahle Ukuqapha Ukuhlukumeza Ngokocansi kumele maluqondisiswe kahle yiwona wonke umuntu. Izenzo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi zijulile futhi zijiyile kunezokudlwengula ngoba lapho umgili uphuma phambili uma ubufakazi bezenzo bungabazeka.
