Zehlukahlukene futhi zibanzi ezimayelana nabasebenzi
Makulungiswa embonini yamatekisi: Isinqumo Semboni Yamatekisi unombolo 11, ngaphansi koMthetho Wemibandela Yokuqashwa silawula ukuqashwa kule mboni. Ikhophi iyatholakala eMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi noma kuwebsite www.gov.za/labour.
Nginxusa ukuba kulungiswe lokhu okulandelayo. Okokuqala ukukhipha imininingwane yemibandela yokuqashwa ebhaliwe njengokulawula kwalo mthetho. Phela le mibandela yiyo emele isivumelwano sokuqashwa phakathi komqashi nomqashwa. Isivele ibhaliwe le mininingwane, iyifomu okumele nje ligcwaliswe ukuchaza ukuthi ngobani abaqashene, umsebenzi abavumelene ngawo uyini, izikhathi zokusebenza neminye imibandela ebalulekile njengamalivu nokunye kumi kanjani. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukuqeda impikiswano engadingekile uma sekuxatshwene ngoba imbangela enkulu yokuxabana yimibandela yokuqashwa. Iminingwane yokuqashwa lena ibalula yonke imibandela yokuqashwa.
Umholo oyisisekela kuzwelonke: Kunemibono eyahlukene ngaleli galelo lokunquma umholo oyisisekelo kuzwelonke. Inzinyonyana eziningi zaphawula ukuthi lo mholo muncane, okuyinto engephikiswe. Kodwa uyisiqalo esihle esiqonde ukuqeda ububha. Umbiko owandulela, noqukethe le ndaba uphawula okushaqisayo ngezinga lobubha ezweni lethu sakhile ngaphansi kombuso wentando yeningi. Emphakathi oyizigidi ezingama 55,9 abantu abayizigidi ezingama 29,73 basaphila ngaphansi kobubha obesabekayo. Ngamaphesenti angama-51 abantu okutholakale ukuthi baphila ngemali eyi-R1 036.07 ngenyanga ngonyaka owedlule. Umbiko uyaphawula futhi ukuthi izwe lethu lidinga izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokusungula imisebenzi ezinzile neholela kangcono ukutakula umphakathi ebubheni ngoba izinga lokusweleka komsebenzi libalelwa kumaphesenti angama- 36 womphakathi uwonke ezweni. Nalabo abanenhlanhla yokusebenza kutholakale ukuthi abangaphezulu kwesigamu basahola ngaphansi kwamarandi ayizi-R3 700 ngenyanga.
Umfelandawonye wabasebenzi: Amacala esesike sabhala ngawo phambilini asixwayise ngokuthi sikhumbuzane ukuthi: iyini inhloso yemifelandawonye yabasebenzi; ngubani oyisungulayo; ngubani umqashi nomqashwa owelusa omunye; ziphathwa, zixazululwe kanjani izingxabano nokungezwani kwamalunga ale mifelandawonye; yisiphi isinyathelo sokuxazulula uma sekuxatshenwe nokuthi ayini amalungelo obunikazi amalunga emifelandawonye.
NgokoMthetho Wemifelandawonye unombolo-14 wezi-2005, imifelandawonye yabasebenzi ichazwe ngokuthi, “Yizinhlangano ezizimele zabantu bebumbene ngentando yabo ukufeza izidingo zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle ngaphansi kohlaka olulawulwa ngamalunga ngokwentando yeningi nangokwemigomo yemifelandawonye”. Inhloso enkulu yomfelandawonye ukusungula amathuba omsebenzi ukuze kuzuze amalunga. Umfelandawonye usungulwa ngamalunga asukela kwamahlanu ngesibalo, kuya phezulu. Isicelo sokubhalisa umfelandawonye kufanele siphelekezelwe yikhophi yomthethosisekelo, uhla lwamalunga asungulayo, uhla lwabaqondisi kanye nobufakazi bokuthi ikhokhiwe imali enqunyiwe yokubhalisa.
Ukwehlulwa ngumsebenzi kugunyaza ukuxoshwa: Isivumelwano sokuqashwa sibeka umthwalo kumqashwa ukuba akhiqize, asebenze enze lowo msebenzi aqashelwe wona noma anikezwe ukuba makawenze ngokwesivumelwano sokuqashwa. Ukwehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi kugunyaza umqashi ukuba makathathe izinyathelo zokuqondisa ubugwegwe eziholela ekuxoshweni. Umthetho ulawula ukuba makulandelwe inqubo enobulungiswa ekuqondiseni ubugwegwe obumayelana nokwehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi. Futhi nakho ukwehlulwa ngumsebenzi lokho, umthetho ukubheka nhlangothi zonke ukuqinisekisa ubulungiswa. Kwelanamuhla sikhuluma ngokuxoshwa okusukela esizathwini sokwehlulwa ukwenza umsebenzi.
UHla Lokuziphathakahle Mayelana Nokuxoshwa, yilo olulawula lolu daba ezigabeni sesi- 8 nesesi-9. Loluhla olungaphansi koMthetho Wobudlelwano Emsebenzini, luthi makubhekwe ukuthi umqashwa wehlulwe ngumsebenzi abekelwe wona noma ukusebenza ngezinga elibekiwe na? Uma kunjalo, makubhekwe-ke ukuthi ubewazi yini ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi wakhe noma bekulindeleke ukuba awazi umsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Okokugcina uhla luthi makuhlolwe ukuthi ingabe unikwe isikhathi esanele yini sokulungisa amaphutha akhe ekwenzeni umsebenzi futhi ukumxosha kuyisijeziso esifanele yini.
Umhlomulo wokudilizwa unemibandela: Ukudilizwa emsebenzini kungukuxoshwa ngaphandle kwephutha lomqashwa nomqashi, kodwa kungenxa yesimo somnotho webhizinisi lelo abasebenza kulo bobabili umqashi nomqashwa. Isigaba se-189 soMthetho Wezobudlelwano Kwezokuqashwa silawula inqubo nomgomo olandelwayo uma kudilizwa. Kanti lo mthetho esigabeni sama-213 uchaza ukudilizwa ngokuthi kusukela kuzidingo zomqashi ezimayelana nomnotho, ubuchwepheshe, isimo somsebenzi kunye nezinye izidingo zomqashi.
Isigaba sama-41 soMthetho Wemibandela Eyisisekelo Yokuqashwa (Basic Conditions of Employment Act), sinika ilungelo lomhlomulo kulowo odilizwayo. Lo mhlomulo uyimali elingana neyeviki elilodwa ngonyaka umunye ophelele osetshenzwe ngumqashwa. Kunemibandela nemibango eminingi emayelana nalo mhlomulo wokudilizwa. Umbandela obalulekile ngothi umqashwa owala ukuthatha omunye umsebenzi ukuze kugwemeke ukudilizwa kwakhe akanalungelo lokuthola umhlomulo wokudilizwa. Lo msebenzi omunye kufanele kube ngawunikezwa noma ngohlelwe ngumqashi wakhe lowo odilizwayo. Imibango eminingi–ke isukela kulowo mbandela. Maningi amacala amayelana nalolu daba lwemihlomulo nemibandela yokudilizwa.
- UMnu uBheki Khumalo ungumeluleki ozimele kwezomthetho wabasebenzi. Ubuye abengumahluleli nomxazululi emacaleli ngaphansi kweCCMA namaBargaining Councils ahlukene.