Isimemezelo sikaJohn Langalibalele Dube ngowe-1903
KUNGALESI sizathu kwemukeleka kuwo wonke amaZulu ezizweni zaMakhosi ngowe-1903, ngenkathi uMfundisi uJ.L. Dube [uMafukuzela] ethula iNatal Native Congress eNgonyameni uDinuzulu, ememezela ukuthi wonke umuntu ongumZulu makemukele iNgonyama uDinuzulu njengeSilo saMabandla Onke.
Le nhlangano yayilandela iFunamalungelo. Yona yasungulwa ngoNhlangulana we-1900 ngemuva kokufika kukammeli uSylvester Williams waseTrinidad ethunywe yiPan African Movement eyayihlangene eNgilandi ukuzosiza amakholwa ngokusunguleka kwayo. AmaZulu amaningi asheshe akwemukela lokho ngoba ayengamethembi uHulumeni wamaNgisi kusukela ekunqotshweni kukaZulu eNyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi ngowe-1879. Lokhu kwalandelwa ngukufakwa koMbuso kaZulu enyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi ngaphansi kweNgilandi ngonyaka we-1887 nokunikezwa kwelasebaQulusini emaBhunwini ngawo lowo nyaka.
Ngakho-ke amaZulu ayenezikhalo eziningi ezazibhekiswe kuHulumeni wamaNgisi aseNatal ezazibangelwa ukungemukeleki kwawo amaZulu kanye nezinguquko eziningi ezazenzeka ngokuphazima kweso wona engabambe qhaza kuzo. Yingakho¬ke uma kushaywa uMthetho kaKhandampondo ngoNcwaba 1905, aMakhosi amaningi aphikelela eNgonyameni uDinuzulu ukuzwa uvo lwayo ngokubona isimo sezombusazwe siqhubeka nokuba sibi. NgoNhlolanja we-1900 idlanzana lamaZulu eKrantzkloof eduze kwasePinetown lase like lavulela inhlamvu emasotsheni amaNgisi ngesikhathi seMpi yamaBhunu namaNgisi (1899-1902). Ngakho-ke umoya wokuzidela amathambo wase uvele ukhona kumaZulu.
Zinhlanu izizathu ezadala ukushuba kwesimo ingakabheduki iMpi YaMakhanda. Esokuqala, ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo phakathi kwamakholwa amaZulu noHulumeni. Okwesibili, ukuqolwa kwazo zonke izindawo zamaZulu ezivundileyo eNyakatho yoThukela noMzinyathi, yiKhomishini kaCharles Saunders (uMashiqe1a) eyayaziwa ngokuthi yiKhomishini Yokuklanywa Kwezindawo kwaZulu (1902-1904). Okwesithathu, yimizamo kaHulumeni waseNatali yokubopha iNgonyama uDinuzulu ngoba iyisola ngokuthi yayifihle izibhamu zempi ngemuva kweMpi yamaBhunu namaNgisi nokuthi yayihlela ukuba uZulu avukele umbuso. Okwesine, yizinxushunxushu ezadalwa ngukubalwa kwamaZulu, amaNdiya nabelungu kokuqala ngqa eNingizimu yoThukela noMzinyathi ngonyaka we-1904. Kwaveza ukuthi abelungu babengamaphesenti alinganiselwa kwali-10, kwasolisa kumaZulu ukuthi kwakuyisu likaHulumeni lokukhuphula inani lezintela ezazikhokhwa. Kwaphakamisa amaphaphu kubelungu mayelana nokwakungenzeka uma amaZulu evukela umbuso.
Okwesihlanu, ngukushaywa koMthetho kaKhandampondo owawaziwa ngokuthi yiPoll Tax Act ngoNcwaba 1905, owawuphoqa wonke amaZulu esilisa aganiwe ukuba athelele amakhanda ngemali engupondo (£1). Kwabawudaba olungazange luchazwe futhi ludingedwe namaZulu ukuthi kwakusho ukuthini ukuthelela ikhanda lendoda. Wona ayazi ukuthi kuthelelwa izinja, izindlu nezintela zamapulazi kulawo maZulu ayehlala emapulazini kodwa engakaze ezwe ukuthi kwakudingeke kuthelelwe namakhanda abantu. Umbuzo wathi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi indoda ithelele ikhanda layo?
Amakholwa amaZulu ayekade esenze konke okusemandleni awo ukuzisisa nokwemukeleka kubelungu ukuze azuze wonke amalungelo ayenikezwa abelungu angabi ngaphansi kwemithetho yamaZulu ayehlala ezindaweni zamakhosi kodwa abe ngamazemtiti. Inhlangano yawo iFunamalungelo ayisungulela lokho. UMthetho onguNombolo 11 owawushaywe yiKoloni yaseNatali ngonyaka we-1865, wawucacisa ukuthi wonke amaZulu ayefisa ukuba abuswe njengabelungu, angabuswa ngemithetho eyayibusa uwonkewonke kaZulu, kwakudingeke enze lokhu: akhulume isiNgisi, ahlale emishini ukuze azokuya eSontweni njalo ngamaSonto, akhe indlu efanana neyabelungu okwakudingeke ipendwe ngopende omhlophe, aphinde afake nefenisha: izitulo netafula. Kwakudingeke aphinde abe nesiqephu somhlaba obiza ngaphezulu kopondo abangama-50 uma efuna ukuba nelungelo lokuvota. Lokhu kwakulukhuni ukwenzeka ngoba uMthetho onguNombolo 3 wangowe-1849 wawugcizelela ukuthi indawo abamnyama abahlala kuyo ingadayiswa njengeziqephu, ngakhoke kulukhuni ukuba nesiqephu somhlaba kwazise ngokwesiko lamaZulu indawo ingeyabo bonke abantu. Ngumfundisi womlungu nemantshi yomlungu ababezobavivinya abantu abafisa ukuphila impilo efana neyabelungu bese benikezwa izitifiketi zokuthi bona abasekho ngaphansi kwemithetho yamaZulu phaqa.
Ngakho-ke bakhona abaphumelela ukuba ngamazemtiti (Exempted Natives), kodwa umthetho waqhubeka wathi kwakungasho ukuthi abafazi nezingane zamazemtiti nabo base bekhululekile bengamazemtiti. Kwakudingeke nabo bavivinywe kuqala ngumfundisi nemantshi yomlungu. Ngenxa yokuqina komthetho mabili kuphela amakholwa ayenelungelo lokuvota ngasekuqaleni kowe-1900.
Yilokho-ke okwasusa uthuthuva nezinkulumo ezazishubile enhlanganweni yokuqala yamakholwa iFunamalungelo, zishicilelwa ephephandabeni lawo, iPhepha loHlanga elalisungulwe ngoH.C.C. Matiwane neNkosi uJ.M. Majozi. Kuthe ngokusungulwa kweNatal Native Congress ngoNhlangulana we-1900 ngamakholwa, iPhepha loHlanga lashicilela izinkulumo ezigxeka kakhulu uhulumeni ngodaba lwamazemtiti nengcindezelo nokungabibikho kobulungiswa. Uhulumeni walivala iPhepha loHlanga ngoZibandlela we-1901 ethi lifaka ushevu wokuba uZulu avukele uhulumeni. Lalandelwa ukusungulwa kweLanga laseNatali nguDkt. J L Dube.
- Lo mlando ucashunwe encwadini: Izingxabo Zamakhosi Esifundazweni Sakwazulu, Umqulu II. Uma ufisa ukuthola le ncwadi enothe ngomlando wezizwe ungabhalela uSolwazi Maphalala kule email: maphalalajs@vodamail.co.za; noma ushayele kulezi zinombolo: 082 730 5782 noma ku-083 548 1918.
