Kugcotshwe ibhange leBRICS ezwenikazi i-Afrika
EMUVA kokulinda isikhathi eside, kunamahemuhemu okuthi lizobekwa ngokusemthethweni ibhange elizomela amazwe abizwa ngeBRICS Africa, seluze lwafika lolo suku. Amazwe lawa ameleleke kuBRICS, yiBrazil, yiRussia, yi-India, yiChina neSouth Africa. Le nhlanganisela yala mazwe yakheke ngesimo somumo wawo, njengoba ewonke engasezansi namazwe omhlaba.
Kunezinto okumele masizibhekisise nxa sikhuluma ngala mazwe. Okukuqala, ukuthi ewonke amele abantu abangaphansana kwengxenye yomhlaba jikelele, abangama-40%. Yize isilinganiso salamazwe ngokwezimali simele ama-22% uma uqhathanisa namazwe onke omhlaba, kodwa okuphawulekayo ukuthi akhula ngesivinini esikhulu ngabantu nangomnotho. Ngakho ukuthuthuka kwezinqalasizinda zawo kubalulekile kakhulu ukuze azokwazi ukumumatha ubuningi babantu bawo.
Umkhiqizo wala mazwe uwonkana ulinganiselwa kusigintathu oli-$16.6 ($16.6 trillion), kuthi amandla okuthenga ngokuhlanganyela (Purchasing Power Parity – PPP) wona alinganiselwa kusigidintathu ongama-$37. Imali yala mazwe ayigcine ngaphandle kweminye iminotho yomhlaba ilingaliselwa kusigidintathu oyi-$4. Okunye okubuye kuhlabe umxhwele ngala mazwe ayisihlanu ukuthi sekunojenge lwamanye amazwe afisa ukuba yingxenye yeBRICS. Lokhu kukodwa nje, kuletha uhlevane kulawo mazwe asaziwa njengezikhondlakhondla emnothweni womhlaba esizowabala ngezansi.
Kuzokhumbeleka nokho ukuthi ukungena kweNingizimu Afrika ekubeni yingxenye yeBRICS ngonyaka wezi-2010, kwamangaza abaningi emhlabeni, kwazise phela iyizwe elincanyana ngesibalo nangomnotho okhiqizwayo uma uqhathanisa nozakwabo kuBRICS. Nokho isizathu sokungena kweNingizimu Africa, sasingezepolitiki futhi sibandakanya indima eqathwa yiNingizimu Afrika e-Afrika jikelele. Ngalokho iNingizimu Afrika ayizimele nje yona yodwa kule nhlanganiso, kepha imele amazwe onke ase-Afrika njengezwekazi elaziwa njengelisadinga intuthuko emangalisayo.
Amazwe angobhongoza emhlabeni kusengamazwe afana ne-USA,iGermany, i-Australia, iBritain, iFrance namanye. Futhi okuphawulekayo ngalabo bhongoza ukuthi bangamazwe abuswa naphethwe ngabelungu ikakhulukazi. Kanjalo nezinsiza kusebenza emhlabeni wezimali ezibandakanya amabhange nezinye izizinda ezifana noWorld Bank, i-International Monetary Fund (IMF) nokunye, kuphethwe yiwo la mazwe, ikakhulukazi i-USA. Yize izikhathi ziguquka, nokuza kwentuthuko ngesivinini kula mazwe athuthukayo abandakanya iBRICS, ukuthanda ukubandakanya amazwe asathuthuka yizikhondlakhondla kubonakala kugqoza. Ukuguquka kokuphathwa kwezizinda ezibhekelele umhlaba wonke kwezepolitiki yomnotho, akuzi kalula ngenxa yokungathandi ukwabelana ngamandla emazweni aziwa ngasethuthukile. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi, amazwe afana ne-USA akweletwa umhlaba wonke ngalezi zinda ezifana no-IMF. Ngenxa yomumo wepolitiki yomhlaba ongafuni ukushintsha, yisona kanye isizathu esenze kube khona le BRICS esiqale inyathuko entsha ezokwenza kuhleleke kabusha ukuphathwa kwezindaba zomhlaba ikakhulukazi kwezezimali. Abanye ongoti bakubona kuyisu elihle kakhulu leli elizokwenza kubelula ukubolekisana kwalamazwe ngezimali engasancikile ezikhondlakhondleni. Lezi zimali zizongena kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda, okuyiyo belu eyenza kubelula ukuthuthuka kwamazwe asacathulayo.
Akumangalisi ukuthi emva kokwethulwa kweBRICS Bank emhlabeni, osigodlo salo siseChina eShanghai, kwabe sekumenyezelwa ukwethulwa kwebhange elizomela izwekazi i-Afrika, osigodlo salo sizoba seNingizimu Afrika. Leli bhange lizobizwa ngeNew Development Bank Africa Regional Centre. Yingakho ngoLwesine lwayizolo, zili-17 kuNcwaba kwethulwe leli bhange elizomelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezwekazi i-Africa. Leli bhange elethulwe uMengameli uZuma ehambisana nezithunywa ezimele womahlanu la mazwe, lethulwe ngelikhulu isasasa. Lesi yisinyathelo esiqavile kakhulu kwazise, sizoguqula indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo kwezezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlelo ezizayo zaleli bhange, zizohambisana nokungasebenzisi izinxakanxaka zezinhlelo ezifana neSWIFT kokunye. Kunalokho kuzogcina kusebenza uhlelo olusha olubizwa ngeCross-Border Inter-Bank Payment System (CIPS). Nangaphezu kwalokho kuzoba nohlelo lokuvikela izimali zala mazwe olubizwa ngeBRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA).
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