Izibalo zeStatsSA zidalula ububha kwaboHlanga
UKUVULWA umlomo kwezinhlangano zezepolitiki njenge-ANC, iPAC, i-Azapo, iSACP nezinye nokukhululwa kweziboshwa zezombangazwe, kwacaba indlela yezingxoxo zokubuyisana phakathi kukaHulumeni wobandlululo nababecindezelwe, iningi labo okwakungaboHlanga.
Umphumela walokho kwaba ukhetho lokuqala olukhululekile lazo zonke izinhlanga eNingizimu Afrika mhla zingama-27 kuMbasa ngowe-1994. Abantu bavuka kusempondozankomo bephuthuma ezikhungweni zokuvota kwazise kwakuzoba ngokokuqala bebeka uphawu u ‘X’ empilweni yabo. Okunye okwenza ukhetho lwangowe-1994 lwaba ngoluthinta kakhulu imizwa yabantu nentshisekelo yingoba i-ANC yayifolosa ngoMnu uNelson Mandela owayesedonse ejele iminyaka, iningi labakuleli limuzwa ngendaba. Emuva kweminyaka engama-23 iNingizimu Afrika yakhululeka sekucacele ngisho nengane esakhasa ukuthi aboHlanga basekude ukuthola inkululeko yezomnotho ezweni elafelwa ngoyisemkhulu.
Umbiko wakamuva okhishwe kuleli sonto ngabeStats SA obheka izinga lobubha kubantu bakuleli kuzwelonke, ezifundazweni nasezingeni lomasipala ukuveza ngokusobala ukuthi aboHlanga basantula, futhi yibo basabhuqwabhuqwa ububha, nezifo. Ngokwezibhalo eNingizimu Afrika kunabantu abayizigidi ezingama-30 abasaphila ngaphansi kobubha.
Lo mbiko obekungowokugcina ukwethulwa uMphathi Jikelele weStats SA uMnu uPali Lehotla osethi khumu, wehlukaniswe ngezigaba eziyisi-7. Isigaba sokuqala yilapho kwendlalelwa khona inhloso yawo kubhekwe nokuthi izibalo zazithini ngeminyaka edlule. Isigaba sesibili siyisethulo sokutholakele ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo ngesimo sobubha kubantu bakuleli nokubheka ukuthi ikuphi uHulumeni asekwenzile ukuvala leli gebe njengoba kubekiwe kweminye yemigomo yohlelo lweNational Development Plan.
Ezinye izigaba zikhuluma ngendlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo imali okungaba nomthelela wobubha, kuqhubeke njalo kuze kuyofika esigabeni sokugcina. Lo mbiko uveze ukuthi izifundazwe ezintathu okuyiKwaZulu-Natal, i-Eastern Cape neLimpopo kuseyizona ezisadonsa kanzima kusuka ngowezi-2001. Noma izinga lobubha like lehla kancane e-Eastern Cape nge-17,5% kodwa umbiko wangowezi-2016 uveze lesi sifundazwe njengesisagubuzelwe ububha. ILimpopo ibe isifundazwe sesibili esihlwempu ngamaphesenti ali-11.
KwaZulu-Natal umbiko uveze ukuthi nakuba ububha busahlasele, kodwa kwehlile ngamaphesentu angama-22,3 ngowezi-2001 kwehlela kumaphesenti ayisi-7,7 ngowezi-2016. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi iKwaZulu-Natal ngowezi-2001 yayilandela i-Eastern Cape ngobubha, kwathi ngowezi-2011 yaphuma kancane ebubheni indawo yayo yathathwa iLimpopo ngowezi-2016. Isifundazwe iWestern Cape neGauteng izinga lobubha liphansi kakhulu khona. Lezi zifundazwe zombili zithathwa njengezizinda zomnotho weNingizimu Afrika.
Abantu abakhele lezi zifundazwe baphila impilo engcono ngenxa yokuthi maningi amathuba emisebenzi. Uma sibheka nje iWestern Cape izinga lobubha lisemaphesentini ama-2,7, lisuka kwayisi-6,7. Angeke kuthuse ukuthi lelo dlanzana elisadonsa kanzima eWestern Cape lisemalokishini nasemjondolo koKhayelitsha, eLanga, eNyanga nengxenye yomphakathi wamaKhaladi koCape Flats nakoMuizenberg. IGauteng izinga lobubha nendlala khona ngokwezibhalo zeStatsSA limi emaphesentini ama-4,6 lisuka emaphesentini ali-10,5. Iminyaka yonke iWestern Cape neGauteng kulokhu kuyizifundazwe ezicebile.
Ngowezi-2016 eNorth West lehlile izinga lobubha njengoba lesi sifundazwe sisendaweni yesikhombisa, kwathi iFree State yaba isifundazwe sesithathu kwezicebile. Umbiko uveza ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlanga ezikhona eNingizimu Afrika okungabaMhlophe, amaNdiya, amaKhaladi, naboHlanga, aboHlanga yibona abasathwele kanzima. Kubantu abayishumi boHlanga okukhulunywe nabo abayisi-9 basaphila impilo enzima yokuswela imisebenzi, ukudla nokungakwazi ukuhambisa izingane ezikoleni.
Ngowezi- 2006 babengamaphesenti angama-92.5 aboHlanga abantulayo, kwathi ngowezi- 2011 isibalo sakhula kancane saya kwangama-93,3, ngowezi-2015 lehla izinga laboHlanga abantulayo laba ngamaphesenti angama-64,2. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokuthi kubantu abahlanu boHlanga, kusuke kunabathathu abahlwempu. AmaKhaladi iwona alandela aboHlanga ezithendeni ngobubha, kulandele amaNdiya. Abantu abasaphila kangcono ngabaMhlophe. Phakathi kowezi-2006 nowezi-2015 sehlile isibalo samaNdiya ahlwempu. Okunye okuvezwa umbiko ukuthi okwenza aboHlanga kuvele sengathi yibona abasabulawa ububha yingenxa yesibalo esikhulu sabo ezweni futhi iningi lisezindaweni zasemakhaya. Igebe lobubha phakathi kwezinye izinhlanga naboHlanga lehlile lisuka emaphesentini angama-41,8 laya kwangama-30,3 ngowezi-2011 kanjalo nasemaKhaladini kwehlile kusuka emaphesentini angama-24,9 kwehlela kwangama-14,3 ngowezi-2011.
Ububha nosizi kubonakala kusazothatha isikhathi ukuba kuphele kwaboHlanga njengoba kusekhona izingane ezisawela imifula uma ziya ezikoleni nabasaphuza amanzi nezinkomo. AboHlanga basahlala ezindaweni eziqhelelene namadolobha okwenza kube nzima nokuthola amatoho. Nakuba sekuphethe uHulumeni oholwa ngaboHlanga kubonakala kungekho ukubhekelelwa kwabebecindezelwe ngoba izinto ezinjengogesi, amanzi zisamba eqolo okugcina sekudale abaqola ugesi (izinyokanyoka) abayingozi.
Okunye okubanga ukuqhubeka kobubha ukungabi nezidingongqangi njengezikhungo zikaHulumeni eziletha izidingo kubantu. Sikhuluma nje umphakathi waseMtubatuba KwaZulu-Natal awunaso isibhedlela kudingeka uhambe ibanga elide uye esibhedlela esikwaHlabisa.
Abantu bafela ezindleleni bephuthunyiswa esibhedlela. Siyosicela ivuthiwe ngohlelo lweNational Development Plan (NDP) nezifiso zalo iqembu elibusayo elazibophezela kuzo ngowezi-2012 zokuqeda ububha, nokwehlisa ukungalingani phakathi kwezinhlanga.
- Umbiko oweStatsSA
