Ifa okumele lishiyelwe izizukulwane ezizayo
Ukuthula e-Afrika kuyoba ifagugu elingumbele ogwansile uqhansela abayophila esikhathini esilandelayo
“Sizimisele ukuba sifeze umgomo we-Afrika engenazi-nxushunxushu, ukwenza ukuba wonke umuntu ahlale emazweni ngokuthula nokuqeda izimpi ezwenikazini, izimpi zombango, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, izinhlekelele zezenhlalakahle kanye nezingxabano ezinodlame, kanye nokugwema ukubhubha kwaboHlanga. Sifunga siyagomela ukuthi angeke sidlulisele emahlombe ezizukulwane ezizayo lo mthwalo wokubhekana nezimpi zombango, siyazibophezela ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2020 siyobe sesiziqede zonke izimpi kuleli lizwekazi.”
La mazwi acashunwe ohleni lwezinqumo olubizwa nge-50th Anniversary Solemn Declaration, olwakhishwa ngabaholi bamazwe ase-Afrika, mhla benhlangene ngonyaka wezi-2013, emcimbini owawubungaza ukuhlanganiswa kweminyaka engama-50 kwasungulwa i-Organisation of African Unity (OAU). Lolu luhla okucashunwe kulo luqukethe izinqumo, nezibophezelo ezithize ezibhekene nezinhlelo okumele ziqhutshwe e-Afrika ukuze kudaleke intuthuko, ukuthula kanye nokunye. Emveni kokukhishwa kwalo mqulu, la mazwi asedume ngesigqi okuthiwa yiVision 2020-Silence the Guns in Africa. Kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezike zathathwa yi-AOU phambilini, kanye ne-African Union (AU), akubonakali kukhona esedlula lesi ngokubaluleka.
Ikhona imigomo nemihlahlandlela emisiwe ukuze kube nezingunquko ezinohlonze empilweni yabomdabu e-Afrika, ezifana no-Agenda 2063. Kodwa ukufezeka kwale mihlahlandlela, kuncike kakhulu kulesi sifungo esenziwa ngowezi-2013, ngoba uma izimpi zingapheli, konke okwenziwayo komane kubuye nequbu likanogwaja. Le Vision 2020, ayibonwe njengenselelo okumele ifezeke noma kanjani, kodwa ukuphumelela kwayo kuncike ekutheni zonke izinhlaka ezikhona emazweni zibambe iqhaza kungashiywa kuphela ezandleni zoHulumeni.
Kungabe yini esiyenziwe yi-AU emveni kokuba oMengameli benze lezi zifungo? Esingakubeka ukuthi izinhlelo okumele zimiswe ukuze kufezeke izinqumo ezifana nalezi zithatha isikhathi, futhi kuphinde kuphazanyiswe ngukuthi vele kusuke kukhona ezinye izimo nezinhlelo ezikhona ezwenikazi ezidinga ukubhekelwa ngabaphathi bamazwe. Noma kunjalo, kumele banconywe abaholi bamazwe ngalesi sinyathelo abasithatha, ngoba ukuzifungela okufana nalokhu akuyona into encane. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke, kukhona okumbalwa esingakubeka okumayelana nezinyathelo esezithathiwe ukuze lokhu okufungelweyo kuyiswe phambili.
I-AU, isibe nemihlangano eminingana impela eyayibhekiswe ekutheni kuboniswane ukuthi lesi sifungo singaqhutshezelwa kanjani nokuthi yini okumele yenziwe ukuze unyaka wezi-2020 ufike kungasekho zimpi e-Afrika. Kungabalwa umhlangano owaba seZimbali kuMbasa ngowezi-2014, owawuhlelwe yi-African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) ibambisene ne-AU kanye nezinhlaka zayo, owavula inkundla ekutheni ukufeza le Vision 2020 kungaqala kanjani. Kungaphinde kubalwe ingqungquthela yamanxusa onke aqokwe yi-AU ukuba akhe uxolo emazweni abhekene nezimpi, eyaba se-Arusha kuMfumfu ngowezi-2014, nayo eyaba negalelo layo ekwakheni izindlela zokufeza iVision 2020. Eyokugcina engabalwa yingqungquthela eyaba kuLwezi nyakenye eLusaka, eyaphetha ngomhlahlandlela osubizwa ngeMaster Roadmap towards Silencing the Guns by 2020. Lo mhlahlandlela, awuzi nezincomo kuphela, kodwa uqukethe okuningi futhi ubeka ngokucacile izinyathelo ezizothathwa ukuze lesi sifungo sifezeke. Okungaphinde kuphawulwe ngalo mhlahlandlela yindima okumele idlalwe izinhlaka zonke ezikhona ezwenikazi ukuze kuphele izimpi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-AU iyabona ukuthi angeke ikwazi ukufeza lezi zinqumo zayo uma kungukuthi ngoHulumeni kuphela okumele basebenze. Lo mhlahlandlela uphinde uphakamise ukuthi i-AU kanye nezinhlaka zayo komele ukuthi unyaka nonyaka kuze kufikwe kowezi-2020, ihlale ibuyekeza ukuthi kungabe izinyathelo ezithathwayo zisahamba ngononino na, noma cha. Lokhu kubuyekeza kuyosiza ekutheni la kubonakala ukuthi kuyaxega, kusheshe kulungiswe. Kodwa, i-AU, oMengameli, kanye neminyango kaHulumeni ebhekene nezangaphandle kumele siyigxeke ngoba uma sithatha ukubheka, ababaningi abantu abayaziyo le Vision 2020, ngaleyo ndlela uma ngabe i-AU ihlose ukuba ibambisane nezinye izinhlaka ezikhona ezwenikazi, kumele kube yiyo ebamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutheni le Vision 2020 yaziwe yiwo wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi aboHlanga e-Afrika.
Okunye okumele kubhekwe ukuthi noma ngabe ziseningana izimo ezwenikazi la izakhamuzi zisathwele kanzima ngenxa yezimpi, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi akukho okwenziwayo, lokhu okokuqala. Okwesibili ngukuthi lesi sifungo, seza kuvele kukhona izinhlelo ezimisiwe ukubhekana nezimpi ezikhona ezwenikazi, ngamanye amazwi, ukumiswa kwale Vision 2020 kwakuchaza ukuthi sekuzoba khona uhlelo olubhekene ngqo, nangendlela ehlelekile, nokuqeda izimpi ezwenikazi. Imizamo yokuqeda impi yombango eSouth Sudan, izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukulungiselela ukhetho eDemocratic Repubulic of Congo (DRC), kuphinde kuhlanganiswe negalelo lokulwa nabavikeli mbuso abazinze empulanga nezwe, izingxoxo zokuqeda impi yombango eLibya, ukubamba ngesandla uhulumeni waseSomalia ukulwa ne-Al-Shabaab nokuthi amise izinkonzo zombuso ezweni, imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights ekusekeleni oHulumeni ukuze kuqiniswe izinhlelo zokuvikela amalungelo abantu, kumele ithathwe njengengxenye ye mizamo ekhona, ehlangene nalesi sifungo sokuthi aboHlanga abasadla anhlamvana benze konke okusemandleni ukuze leli joka lezimpi, nengxabano, lingadluliselwa esizukulwaneni esizayo.
Imizamo ekhona ukuze kufezeke lesi sifungo sowezi-2013 isiyaba nemithelela emihle ezimweni zezimpi yemibango ekhona e-Afrika, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuthi kungabonakali ngoba isikhathi esiningi abamaphephandaba bathanda ukugxila kakhulu kokubi okwenzeka ezwenikazi. Lokhu kuze kudale ukuthi aboHlanga behlale bebona i-Afrika kuyizwekazi elibhekene nezinkinga kuphela, futhi babone engathi akukho okwenziwayo ukuze zilungiswe. Lokhu kugxila okunjena, kugcina sekwenza ukuthi kube khona abaningi abathi lesi sifungo imbundane nje, ngoba isimo sezimpi nokungabi khona kokuthula ezwenikazi akuyona into abayibona yokwenzeka. Kodwa okumele kungakhohlwa ukuthi, aboHlanga badlula ebunzimeni phambilini okwakungakholeki ukuthi kodluleka kubona njengo bugqila, ingcindezelo yamazwe ase-Afrika abase Nyakatho, ubandlululo, kanye nokunye. Lezimo esezadlula kumele kube yizo ezisinika ugqozi lokuthi, aboHlanga, njengazo zonke iziwe ezikhona emhlabeni, nabo badalelwe ukuthi babe nokuthula, baphile izimpilo ezinempucuko, nokuthi amaphupho ezizukulwane ezizayo angeke ashabalaliswe yisimo sezimpi.
Kule nyanga kaNhlaba, eyamiselwa ukubungaza izwekazi, ake kuthi zonke izinhlaka ezikhona emazweni ase-Afrika zivuselele intshisekelo, nesibophezelo sokuletha ukuthula ngokuthi kusekwe ukufezeka kweVision 2020. Lokhu kuvuselela akungenziwa ngoba leVision 2020 ize noHulumeni kodwa akwenziwe ngoba kucace bha ukuthi angeke izwekazi lithuthuke, naboHlanga emazweni onke angeke bathole ukuthula, nemigomo emisiwe efana ne-Agenda 2063 angeke iphumelele, uma kungabanjiswana ukuze kutholakale amakhambi okuqeda izimpi zembango, nokudala ukuthula ezwenikazi. Yisinyathelo esifana nalesi okoba yifa esilishiyela izizukulwane ezizayo!
- UMnu uSenzo Ngubane, unguGeneral Manager: Operations, e-ACCORD, okuyinhlangano ezimele esebenza ucwaningo lokudala uxolo ezwenikazi i-Afrika.
