Sikhona isihumusho ngemibhikisho eNingizimu Afrika
Iqhingasu lokuphantshisa amasondo enqola yobandlululo lisetshenziswa ukubhekana noHulumeni wedemokhrasi
Ngesikhathi sombangazwe ayemaningi amaqhinga okulwisana noHulumeni wamaKoloni kanye nalowo wobandlululo. Elinye lamaqhinga kwabe kuyimibhikisho lapho aboHlanga babethumela khona imilayezo eyehlukene ngayo. Le mibhikisho yayibandakanya ukuduva nokuqhinqa, ukungayi emisebenzini ngenhloso yokufadalalisa umnotho kanye nokuduba imikhiqizo ethize. Lokhu kwabe kwenziwa ngamalungu omphakathi kusuka kwabadala kuya kwabancane kanti futhi nemiphumela yakho ibonakala. Emlandweni wakuleli ngezikhathi zombangazwe cishe mithathu imibhikisho eyaba ngundabamlomyeni.
Ngonyaka we-1957 eNingizimu Afrika kwaba nomkhankaso omkhulukazi wokudutshwa kokugitshelwa kwamabhasi e-Alexandra. Lo mkhankaso waqala ngenyanga kaMasingana waphetha ngenyanga kaNhlangulana. Yize waqala e-Alexandra wagcina usuwenabele kwezinye izindawo njengoba wathinta umphakathi obalelewa ezi-70, 000 zasemalokishini. Izindawo ezathinteka kubalwa iSophiatown, eNewclare, eMoroka naseJabavu eGoli. Kwenabela nasePitoli esifundeni iLady Selborne, esabe sihlanganisa i-Atteridgeville, iMamelodi kanye neGa-Rankuwa.
Lapha umphakathi wawungawagibeli amabhasi nokwakhinyabeza kakhulu umnotho njengoba zabe zithinteka nezimboni kungewona amabhasi kuphela. Lapha umlayezo wabe usobala, aboHlanga babesho ngazwi linye ukuthi, ‘Awagitshelwa amabhasi!’ Besho khona ukuthi banawo amandla okuguqula izinto nokuwumlayezo owezwakala kuziphathimandla.
Ngonyaka we-1960 aboHlanga abase benengwe wudaba lokuphatha omazisi nababe kuthatha njengophawu lwencindezelo nokucwaswa baphikelela esikhumulweni samaphoyisa eShaprpville lapho babeyoshisa khona labo mazisi futhi bazinikele emaphoyiseni ukuze baboshwe. Lo mbhikisho awuphelanga kahle ngoba kwaphetha ngokuthi isandla sonya samaphoyisa kahulumeni wobandlululo ahundule ngenhlamvu ababhikishi abanye basala phansi abanye bagcina beyizinkubela. Laba iningi labo kwakungabazali boHlanga.
Esinye isigameko kwaba yileso saseSoweto ngowe-1976. Nalapha aboHlanga babehambisa izimfuno nezikhalo zabo ngohlobo lwemfumdo yangaleso sikhathi. Ababhikishi okungabafundi kabafikanga lapho babeya khona ngoba nalapha umbhobho wesibhamu sikaHulumeni wobandlululo wawundulula aboHlanga okwakuyintsha. Kuzo zonke lezi zigameko nezinye aboHlanga babedlulisa imiyalezo kubacindezeli nokwagcina kube nomvuzo ngesikhathi uHulumeni wobandlululo uguqa ngamadolo ngonyaka we-1994. Lapha isihumusho sithi aboHlanga basebenzisa imibhikisho ngendlela ababeqonda ngayo ukuthi ngayo uHulumeni wamadlagusha uzonyakaza nezinhlaka zawo zizamazame.
Emuva kokutholakala kwenkululeko yezepolitiki kwabanye kwaba khona umuzwa wokuthi leli qhingasu labacindezelwa selizophelelwa yisikhathi. Kwabanye isizathu salokho kwabe kungukuthi “aboHlanga sebe noHulumeni wabo ngakho ngeke besenza njengoba babenza kowamadlagusha”. Okwenzeka namuhla kuyawuphikisa lo mbono kunalokho kukhomba khona ukuthi imiphakathi ekubhikisheni kwayo yenza okwedlulele kunalokho eyabe izimisele ukukwenza ngezikhathi zombuso wobandlululo. Ukubhujiswa kwempahla yomphakathi kuyinto eyenzeka kalula nxa kunemibhikisho. Lapha kusuka umphakathi okhala ngodaba lwezindlu zangasese udinwe uqonde kunqalasizinda okubalwa izikole, imitholampilo ufike ubhubhise ngomlilo. Izwe lonke labuka ngokumangala nokudangala lapho umphakathi waseLimpopo ubhubhisa ngomlilo izikole ezingaphezu kwezili-13 ngoba nje uthi ufuna izinsiza.
Ngesikhathi ibabaza ngalokhu iSouth African Human Right Commission (HRC) ngomlomo kaMnu u-Isaac Mangena yathi, “Ilungelo malisetshenziswe kubhekelwe nomthetho, lokho kuyokwenza ukuba kungabhubhiswa ingqalasizinda yomphakathi nezinye izakhiwo. Ilungelo kufanele lihambisane nokhlonipha amalungelo abanye abantu.” Yize wonke umuntu evumelana nelungelo lomphakathi lokukhala, okumele kuvele wukuthi ngabe iNingizimu Afrika iyakwemukela yini ukuthi ekwenzeni njalo kubhujiswe nempahla. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwenhlese yepolitiki ngoba ekuhumusheni ukuthi ngabe le mibhikisho yakamuva isho ukuthi akumele siphazanyiswe yipolitiki yamaqembu. UHulumeni wabantu ungenza okuyikho nxa ulalela uphinde uhumushe le mibhikisho, ungagxibhi ababhikishi ngoba njengoba babenza ngezikhathi zombangazwe, nakulokhu basakhuluma, okukaHulumeni wukuhumusha.