Umnotho waseNigeria, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Egypt



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I-Egypt seyiyedlulile iNingizimu Afrika yalala isibili ngokomnotho wase-Afrika
NAMHLANJE sizoke sibheke futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kweNingizimu Afrika neNigeria. Lobu budlelwano buzodinga bulokhu bubukisiswa ikakhulu uma iNinigizmu Afrika ifuna ukukhula kakhulu ngokomnotho. Ngokohlelo lwepolitiki yokukhula kwamazwe omhlaba (geopolitics), izwe nezwe liyaba nesikhathi lapho lisilela emuva noma liqenqeze phambili emnothweni uma kuqhathaniswa namanye. Okunye kwalokhu okubili kusuke kudalwe izinhlaka eziningi zabalakhele lelo lizwe, ikakhulukazi kuxhumene nobuholi bepolitiki nobezomnotho obusuke bukhona.
Isibonelo, izwe i-USA lingusondonzima uma kuziwa ekwakhiweni kwezikhali. Futhi kunenkolelo enkulu ngakwezepolitiki yezomnotho ukuthi i-USA iyona ehlala iphehla udweshu ukuze kuzodaleka izimpi emazweni lapho esuke ifuna khona okuthize. Le nkolelo esibhalwe ababhali abaningi kuxuba noGeorge Friedmann, obhale incwadi esihloko sithi The Next 100 Years, ufakazelana nalo mbono we-USA ezigaxayo ezindabeni zamanye amazwe ngenhloso eyodwa, okungukhulisa umnotho wayo ngezimpi nokunye. Kanjalo namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga amaningi, asekwenze kwangumkhuba ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingenabo ubulungiswa emhlabeni ukucindezela amanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi amazwe ase-Afrika ukuze azizuzele wona ngokomnotho.
Izisekelo nemigomo yokwakha umnotho ibuswa inqubo yokunqwabelanisa umcebo [ikhephithalizimu] (capitalism), kwesinye isikhathi lekhephithalizmu ihambisana nobugovu, nokufuna imali kwesinye isikhathi nangonoma yiyiphi indlela, inqobo nje uma itholakele. INingizimu Afrika nayo ayehlukile kangako kwamanye amazwe ngale nqubo yekhephithalizimu. Okuqaphelekayo ukuthi selokhu iNingizimu Afrika yakhululeka, ayifunanga ukuthi ibonakale njengobhongoza ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Lokhu ibikwenziswa belu ukuthi ibingafuni ukubonakala njengobhongoza ozenzela noma yini e-Africa ngenxa yokuthi inothile. Lokhu kunemithelela emihle nemibi. Emihle yilena. Indlela eyakwazi ngayo ukuxoxisana okwathelela ukuba kungachitheki igazi ngonyaka we-1994, okwaletha ukuhlonipheka okukhulu okwenza ukuba amazwe omhlaba, kuxuba nawase-Afrika ayihloniphe kakhulu iNingizimu Afrika futhi ayethembe ukuhola kupolitiki yokuletha ukuthula ezwenikazini. Akumangalisi ukuthi maningi amazwe ayethembayo iNingizimu Afrika ekutheni nxashana seyisizile ekuholeni ukuletha ukuthula, kumele futhi iphinde ihole ekuletheni intuthuko nozinzo kwezomnotho.
Ububi bokungafuni ukubonakala njengesikhondlakhondla yilokhu kuthi nxashana iNingizimu Afrika seyisizile ukuletha uzinzo kwezepolitiki, basuke bekhona abacuthele ukuthi kungaba nozinzo nje, emazweni okade kunezimpi kuwo bangene bazitike ngalokhu iNingizimu Afrika ekusebenzele kanzima. Ukukhwinxa imikhono kweNingizimu Afrika lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ongemuhle emnothweni wayo ukuya phambili. Yingakho-ke kunokubaluleka okukhulu ukuthi uma sibheka ubudlelwano phakathi kwayo nezwe iNigeria maqondana nomnotho, sibubheke ngeso elibanzi kakhulu. Kuzokhumbuleka futhi ukuthi bekuyiNingizimu Afrika ebinqenqeza phambili ngokomnotho futhi yaziwa njengesango lokungena e-Afrika. Izinto ziyaguquka manje ngokukhulu ukushesha. Sekuyaziwa ukuthi iNigeria ehamba phambili ngomnotho. Lokhu kuze emva kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ire-basing.
Lolu hlelo lusho ukuthi umnotho wezwe uyaguquguquka ngenxa yoshintsho olwenzeka mihla le ngokomnotho. Lokhu-ke kuba nomthelela kuwo belu umnotho owenziwa yizwe, okuthi uma ugoqwa ubizwe ngeGross Domestic Product (GDP). Kuyo le GDP kumanje, ngokwezibalo zeWorld Bank zanyakenye, iNigeria imi ezigidigidini ezingama-$521.8, kanti iNingizimu Afrika ibimi ezigidigidini ezingama-$350.6, ilandelwa i-Egypt ngezingama-$271.9. Yize imibiko yakamumva yeForbes engakaqinisekisiswa, iye yasivezela ukuthi i-Egypt seyiyedlulile iNingizimu Afrika yalala isibili ngokomnotho wase-Afrika.
Inselelo ilapha maqondana nokukhula kancane komnotho waseNingizimu Afrika. Yize sinedumela ekutheni umnotho wethu umi ezisekelweni ezinhle ngokwengqalasizinda, yezamabhange, izinkantolo, inqubo yentando yeningi nokunye, kodwa lokhu akuyenzi iNingizimu Afrika ukuba ikwazi ukuhola umnotho we-Afrika. Yichilo-ke leli esiyohlala sizisola ngalo njalo futhi sizibuza ukuthi kungani iNingizimu Afrika yehluleka ukuhola umnotho ibe ikwazile ukusiza uzinzo lwezwekazi i-Africa ngokwepolitiki.
Nokho kusobala ukuthi ngendlela iNigeria eyenza ngayo, iNingizimu Afrika ayisoze yayifica. Nokho ezinye zezindlela engenza ngazo ukubuyela ekutheni okungenani ilale isibili emnothweni we-Afrika yilezi: ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano enabo neNigeria ekutheni ihambe iyothuthukisa umnotho wakhona kube yiyo ekhonyayo ngokuthi izibandakanye nosozimboni bakhona. Okwesibili, ukuyeka ukungafuni ukuba umholi we-Afrika emnothweni, lokhu kuzithoba okunyanyekayo okungekhona ukuzithoba kweqiniso kwenza iNingizimu Afrika ilahlekelwe kakhulu maqondana nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Okokugcina, kuyofanele kube nosibindigidi bosomabhizinisi ababona amathuba nala kubonakala kungathithi isimo asikho kahle. Amazwe ase-Africa njengeNigeria azohlala enazo iziphithiphithi njenganoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni kodwa ngokubambisana kobuholi bezepolitiki, kuyokwazi ukusiza labo somabhizinisi abanesibindi abalandela amathuba la mazwe omabili awanikezayo.