Owezi-2015: Kube ngunyaka wokwelekanyana kwezishozi
Nonyaka cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi amane omhlaba kubekhona izimo ezibe wupholavuthondaba nokwenza kungaziwa ukuthi iyozala nkomoni
AKUSASELE nsuku zatshwala usongwe unyaka wezi-2015. Lona kube ngunyaka obe neziwombe ezahlukene, kusuka kulezo ezimbi, ezishaqisayo kanye nalezo ebeziletha intokozo nethemba kwabathintekayo. Ngasohlangothi lwezombusazwe, ipolitiki yezomnothio kanye naleyo yamazwe ngamazwe izinto zehluke kakhulu kunonyaka owedlule noma eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule. Uma kukhulunywa ngamandla amazwe athize anawo emhlabeni kubonakele ukuthi izikhondlakhondla ziyaqhubeka nokungcweka ngezigameko ezithize ezenzeka kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo nje sibonile amazwe angaphansi kwe-European Union engcweka nelaseRussia odabeni oluthinta elase-Ukraine. Saphinde sabona amazwe ase-Afrika engcweka nawasentshonalanga odabeni oluthinta i-International Criminal Court (ICC). Akugcinanga lapho ngoba ngisho izinhlaka zamazwe ngamazwe zike zagagazisana kwakuncane indawo. Iqoqo lamazwe azibiza ngeBRICS ahlanganisa iBrazil, iRussia, iNdiya. iChina neNingizimu Afrika aphosele inselele uhlaka lwezimali lwamazwe asentshonalanga okuyiWorld Bank kanye ne-International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Lokhu akwenze ngesikhathi ebumba ibhange lawo elizobhekana nezidingo zawo ikakhulukazi ingqalasizinda nokutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kunika ithuba amanye amazwe ukuba akhethe ukuthi usizo lwawo alucela ngaphi, ngeke nje kusaba yizinhlaka zamazwe asentshonalanga kuphela okukhulunywa nokutshelekwa kuzo imali. Inqaba wukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho amazwe omhlaba ezama ukwenza into enombono owodwa.
Lo moya wokufuna ukwenza into enombono owodwa ubonakele kakhuku ngesonto eledlule eParis lapho bekuhlangene khona amazwe ehlukene ngenhloso yokuzoqhamuka nombono owodwa odabeni oluthinta ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nesesimoshe amazwe amaningi e-Afrika nangaphandle. Isivumelwano saseParis esenziwe ngaphansi komhlangano owaziwa ngokuthi yiClimate Change Cope 21 siveze ukuthi amazwe angasebenzisana kokuningi inqobo nje uma kungaba nombono owodwa kanjalo nokwethembana. Kanti khona manjalo belilikhulu ithemba ekuthini lokho okwabe kuyizinkinga onyakeni owedlule kuzophothulwa kulo nyaka nokube yinto ebonakala ingenzekanga.
Ezwenikazi i-Afrika unyaka wezi-2015 uqale ngethemba lokuthi lo kuyoba ngunyaka wokuphulukisa leli zwekazi. Phezulu eqhulwini kwakuwudaba lwamantombazanyana alinganiselwa ema-200 athunjwa yibutho leBoko Haram eNigeria olwaluzophethwa. Empeleni ngisho labo ababekhankasela ukukhethwa kwesobuMengameli babefolosa ngalo udaba lwamantobazane. Kanjalo nodaba lwezokuphepha kuleliya zwe. Ngokwemibiko ebikhona bekuthiwa amazwe anjengoFrance neMelika athumele izinjulalwazi zawo ukuba ziyosiza kepha kusenhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngenyanga kaZibandlela ngowe-2015 amantombazane awakatholwa kanjalo nemikhankaso eyayikhona mhla kuqala kubikwa lo mhlola ibukeka isiphelelwe ngumfutho. Nanamuhla elaseNigeria lisaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu kulahleke imiphefumulo eminingi. Nanamuhla phezu kwezethembiso akekho osazi ukuthi ngabe ibanzi kangakanani indawo lapho kutholakala khona iBoko Haram. Nokuthi ngabe uxhaso lwezimali izithathaphi ngoba izikhali elwa ngazo ezesimanje . Yonke le mibuzo kayikaphenduleki ngoba yize kwakunethemba isimo sisefana.
Lokhu kubulawa kwabantu kuqhubekile naseKenya kulo nyaka. Yize ziziningana lezi zigameko kuleliya lizwe, esanyantisa igazi kwaba yileso esenzeka kubafundi abali-147. Nalapha abantu abathize bafike bangena lapho kulala khona laba bafundi badubula kwasala inqwaba phansi engabafundi. Lokhu kwethusa wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi kubantu baseKenya, ababehleli ngethemba abalinikwa wuhulumeni ukuthi baphephile. Uma ubucabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka e-Afrika kuphela , ushaye phansi ngoba nasetshonalanga kube khona ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi. Ngenyanga eyedlule edolobheni iParis eFrance, abantu abacela e-130 basala enkundleni. Kulesi sibalo abangama-89 babulawela eBataclan Theatre. Lokhu kubulawa kwabantu abangaka kwagcina ukwenzeka kuleliya lizwe ngesikhathi seMpi YoMhlaba Yesibili. Ukufa kwabantu ngoLwezi kwendulelwa yilokho kwabantu abayi-17 ababulawa ngebhomu khona eParis ngenyanga kaMasingana nonyaka.
OkwaseSyria khona akukhulunywa ngoba nsuku zaphuma kufa abantu kanti futhi kucekeleka phansi nengqalasizinda. Le mpi eyaqala ingeyomkhaya, lapho amavukelambuso ayedudula impi eyibhekise kuMengameli wakuleliya lizwe isiphenduke impi yamazwe ngamazwe. Kuhlawumbiselwa ukuthi sekunababaleki abazi-4,393,831. Lezi zibalo ziqinisekiswe yi-UNHCR nokuyizibalo ezenyuka ihora nehora. Lesi simo sesidale ukuthi kube nofuduko lwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo besuka eSyria beyobhaca emazweni athize e-Europe. Lokhu kudale inkinga emazweni athize ngoba engavumi ukuba ababaleki babhace emazweni awo. Isimo saseSyria siqale kunethemba lokuthi sizoxazululwa kwazise amaqembu noma amazwe athintekayo yizo izikhondlakhondla emhlabeni. Kuyishwa ukuthi leli themba kubukeka lishabalala ngoba nakulo nyaka baqhubekile babhubha abantu, abadala nabancane. Udaba lokuchaphazeleka kwabantu ezimpini zomkhaya lube khona nase-Afrika nonyaka yize bekunethemba lokuthi kuzodamba. Ezweni iCentral African Republic kunemibiko yokuthi ngenxa yempi yomkhaya abantu abangama-795 ezigidi babhekene nobubha okumangalisayo. Ukuthula okwamenyezelwa ezweni laseSouth Sudan phakathi kukaMnu uRiek Machar nohulumeni oholwa nguMengameli uSalva Kiir bubukeka bungakwazanga ukuzinza nokudala ukwesaba ekuthini nxa isimo singalungi abantu baleliya lizwe bazoqhubeka nokuphenduka ondinga sithebeni kanti nobubha bubikwa kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kunezimpi khona kuleliya lizwe.
IButho le-ISIL lidla kwasani
Kulo nyaka kayikho into ephathise amazwe asentshonalanga ngekhanda njengebutho le-ISIL. Ukugasela kwaleli butho sekwenze uguquko olumangalisayo kupolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe . Namuhla amazwe amaningi aseyayizwa eyokuba nebutho elilodwa ngaphansi kwe-United Nations elizovika izinduku ze-ISL. Ibutho le-ISL liholwa nguMnu u-Ibrahim Awad Ibrahim Ali- Badri al-Samarrai owaziwa ngelika Abu Bakr akl-Baghdadi, nokho umsuka wayo ukhonjwa kugqondongqondo waseJordan u -Abu Musab al-Zarqawi owayehola i-Al Qaeda kanye noMnu u-Osama Bin Ladin. UZarqawi waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwe-Al Qaeda Iraq (AQI). Emuva kokufa kukaMnu uZarqawi ngonyaka wezi-2006, i-AQI yakha uhlaka olwaziwa nge-ISL.
Yize i-ISL itholakala ezindaweni ezise-Iraq kanye naseSyria izinhloso zayo izibeka obala. Leli butho lithi lihlose ukuba kwakhiwe amazwe azolandela inqubo nomthetho ohambisana neSharia njengokulandisa kweQuran okuyingcwadi engcwele yamaSulumane. Ithembisa futhi ukuthi izohlela kabusha imingcele yaseLebanon naseJordan iphinde ikhulule izwe iPalestine. Selokhu laqala ukugasela leli butho selidle izindawo eziningi e-Iraq nasezingxenyeni zaseSyria manje liphilkelele eTurkey. Phakathi kwamadolobha eliwadlile kubalwa iMosul, iTikrit, iFalluja kanye neTal Afar e-Iraq; kuthi eSyria lidle idolobha iRaqqa. I-ISS isifake igcindezi enkulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga njengoba isithathe indlela yokuthi impi le kube yiso ngeso. Uma amazwe athize aseNtshonalanga ezibandakanya nempi kuthunjwa isakhamuzi sakulelo zwe bese sibulawa kubuka wonke umhlaba . Lesi yisenzo esinyantisayo kepha i-ISS isenza ngenhloso yokuzwisa ubuhlungu, hhayi kuphela uhulumeni kepha nezakhamuzi zakulawo mazwe ukuze angazitholi enokuphepha lapho ekhona. Lokho kwenza izakhamuzi zifake igcindezi kohulumeni abayingxenye yokulwisana ne-ISL.
Le mpi kubukeka isaya phambili, njengoba kwenzeka ku-Al Qaeda kaBin Ladin, i-ISL ibukeka izosabalala umhlaba wonke nokuzokwenza umhlaba wonke uvuthe. Konke lokhu kwenza leli butho libe yiva okungelula ukuba libangulwe. Unyaka wezi-2015 uphoqe ukuba amazwe ahlangane ukubheka leli butho. Eselibukeka lingene ngesiphanga kule mpi yiRussia yona engene ngoba ithi iphebeza impi isekude ngoba iyabona ukuthi njengoba i-ISL ingenisa nje kwelaseSyria okulandelayo ngamazwe angaphandle kwe-Europe. Ukusakazwa kanjalo nokuphahlazeka kwamabhanoyi emazweni afana noRussia, i-Ukraine ne-Egypt kulethe ukudideka kuzakhamuzi zomhlaba ngoba kunokwesabela ukuthi impi ekade itholana mahlanze isifudukele emkhathini nokwenza izindiza zamazwe ngamazwe zingabe zisaphepha. Akukho ukungabaza ukuthi le mpi eqale kungeyamaSulumane (eyomkhaya) izonaba umhlaba wonke. Isithombe esivelayo ngepolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe (kwezokuthula nokuphepha) wukuthi yize bekukhona ithemba ekuthini izimpi zomkhaya emazweni athintekayo zizodamba noma ziphele, unyaka wezi-2015 ugcine ngokuletha ithemba nje kuphela hhayi isixazululo esingunaphakade.
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Unyaka wokuhhewulana nokunyundelana
Okwenzeke kulo nyaka ePhalamende nasemaqenjini kubukeka kukhonga okukhulu okuzayo
INDLU YePhalamende yindawo ehlonipheke kakhulu ngaphansi kwenqubo yedemocracy. Kukule ndawo lapho kushaywa khona imithetho ebusa izwe. Lapha kuhlala abaholi abasuke beqokwe ngabantu nokulindeleke ukuba bangagcini nje kuphela ngokuba yisibonelo kepha babe yizincwepheshi ekukhulumeni nasekubekeni amaphuzu kunkulumompikiswano.
Ngeshwa laba bantu baseNingizimu Afrika abaholi babo abasePhalamende behluleke bancama ukukhuzana kanye nokubekezelelana. Phezulu eqhulwini bekuwukumemezana phakathi kukaSomlomo kanye namalungu e-Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) nokugcine kukapakela nakumalungu e-African National Congress (ANC) kanye ne-EFF. Lo msindo uze waphelela ngisho ezinkantolo lapho bekumele zinqume ukuthi konke obekwenzeka ngabe (ukumemezana nokuhhewulana)kulandela umthetho. Kokunye izinkantolo ziphawulile kanti kokunye zeluleke ukuba iNdlu YePhalamende ichibiyele imithetho ekhona.
Lokhu kungabekezelani kwabaholi ePhalamende kubukeka kwehlele ngisho nasemaqenjini abo ngoba nakhona kuvalwa amehlo. Iphephandaba laboHlanga kulo nyaka libike ngezigameko eziningana lapho abalandeli beqembu elilodwa bengagcini nje kuphela ngokunyundelana kepha bebeze bathembisane nangokubambana ngezandla. Konke lokhu njengoba imibiko isho bekudalwa wumbango wezikhundla.
Kusuka kumfelandawonye wabasebenzi iCongress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) abaholi bebe bizana ngamagama benukana ukuthi ngubani ‘othakatha’ umfelandawonye. Lapha bekusetshenziswa izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nemithombo yabezindaba. UMnu uZwelinzima Vavi usephenduke incushe kwezokuxhumana ngoba uyaqinisekisa ukuthi akagcini nje ngokukhuluma kepha uyabhala lokhu akucabangayo ngezimbangi zakhe. Nxa esenza njalo ushiya angalazi.
Nasemaqenjini epolitiki kube yiso leso. Umbango nomdonsiswano ubumkhulu. Kepha okubukeka bedle umhlanganiso ngokududulana ngamazwi kube ngabalandeli be-ANC KwaZulu-Natal. IBAYEDE ibike kabanzi ngemikhankaso ethize ebiqhubeka nakwabe zindaba. Izinhlaka ezimbili ebeziqhudelana ngezikhundla bezibizana ngawo wonke amagama lawa nokuyinto egcine yehlise isithunzi senhlangano yabo. Kube njalo nakuNational Freedom Party (NFP). Lapha IBAYEDE ibike ngokwehlukana phakathi kwabalandeli kanye nabaholi bale nhlangano odabeni oluthinta umholi wayo ongaphilile uMhlonishwa okaMagwaza Msibi. Nalapha ibithathana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakwabezindaba.
Okube lukhuni kube wumzabalazo wabafundi wona ongagcinanga nje ngokuthi kujikijelwane ngamazwi kepha kulimale ngisho impahla. Lezi zigameko nezinye zibukeka zibe yisiqalo nje sokukhulu okuzayo njengoba siya okhethweni lohulumeni bezindawo.