Isivumelwano ngenunzi sibinda amazwe amaningi


Sizoguqula ezomnotho nezombusazwe isivumelwano sakamumva samazwe nezwe lase-Iran osekuphele iminyaka engaphezulu kwelishumi inxuswa ukuthi ihoxise imsebenzi yayo ehlanganisa iNunzi njengoba ibinukwa ngokuthi yakha izikhali ngayo
Mhla zili 13 kuNtulikazi uMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama ngokubambisana nabaholi bamanye amazwe ayisithupha kanye noMengameli wase-Iran uHassan Rouhani bethulele umhlaba isivumelwano esizoqinisa umnotho wase-Iran, siphinde siqinisekise ukuthi iyeluswa ngomsebenzi wayo ophathelene neNunzi.
Ememezela lesi sivumelwano u-Obama wathi: “sesinqamule zonke izindlela i-Iran engasabenzisa ngayo izikhali zeNunzi.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi uMengameli wase-Iran uRouhani ucashunywa ethi: “sesivule ikhasi elisha kumlando wezwe othinta ubudlelwano bethu namanye amazwe.”
Lokhu kwenzeke emva kwezingxoxo esezidonse iminyaka embili, ezibandakanye oNdunankulu base-Iran, inhlangano yamazwe ase-Europe i-European Union, iMelika, iRussia, iBritain, iFrance kanye neGermany. I-Iran isayinde isivumelwano nalawa mazwe ngombandela wokuthi kuzosuswa isijeziso ebesinswinya i-Iran ukuthi ihwebelane namanye amazwe nokuthikameze umnotho wayo kakhulu. Phakathi kwesivumelwano i-Iran isivumelekile ukudayisela amanye amazwe uwoyela, kodwa izimboni eziwukhiqizayo kanye nezimayini ze-uranium zizobe ziqaphwe ngeso lokhozi emnyakeni engama-20 ezayo.
I-Iran izithole ikulezi zingxoxo nje kule minyaka, kusuke ngonyaka we-1979, lapho idolobha elikhulu lakuleli lizwe iTehran lakhetha ukusebenzisa iNunzi eziteshini eziphehla amandla kagesi kulandela ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu abahlala kulelizwe. Kusukela kulo nyaka, ubuholi base-Iran baphumela obala ngokuthi lokhu akuchazi ukuthi sebezokwakha izikhali zeNunzi, nokuyinto amazwe amaningi emhlabeni ayeyisola ngakho.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Iran yaphoqwa ukuthi isebenzisane namazwe angaphandle, okubalwa kuwo iRussia ukuthi yakhe iziteshi zayo zeNunzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayakhi izikhali. Ngonyaka wezi 2002 i-Iran yashaya phansi ngonyawo yathi isikhathele ukuzimelela kwamanye amazwe ukuze ithole enakho ezweni layo. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni kuputshuke imbiko yokuthi i-Iran enemboni yokwakha izikhali zeNunzi. Phakathi kwezizathu eyazibeka i-Iran zokusebenzisa iNunzi ezweni layo ngukuthi kumazwe ayisishiyagalolunye asebenzisa anamandla eNunzi emhlabeni, amahlanu asondelene nawo noma asemgceleni wayo. Lolu daba lwaguqula ezombusazwe kulelizwe kanye nezomnotho njengoba inhlangano yamazwe i-United Nations yaphoqa ukuthi ivalwe i-Iran ingabe isahwebelana namazwe angaphandle.
Eminyakeni elishumi edlule abaholi bamazwe bebephuma bengena e-Iran kodwa behluleka ukuthola isivumelwano nayo sokuthi ivale izimboni zayo zeNunzi. Ngenkathi enqoba ukhetho ngonyaka wezi-2008 eMelika u-Obama phakathi kwezinto ayefuna ukuziguqula emhlabeni kwaba ngukuthola isivumelwano nezwe lase-Iran ngalolu daba, ikakhulukazi njengoba sanda isidingo sikawoyela emazweni amaningi, ongatholakala kuleli lizwe.
Ngonyaka wezi-2013 kuMasingana 2013 uhulumeni wakuleli lizwe waphumela obala wamemezela okokuqala ngqa ukuthi ukungakwazi ukudayisela amanye amazwe uwoyela kulimaze umnotho wase-Iran. Akugcinanga nje lapho njengoba kwanqanyulwa nosizo obeluvela emabhange omhlaba iWorld Bank ne-International Monetary Fund abebesiza ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukiswa kwezwe. Eqeda ukunqoba ukhetho ngowezi-2013 uHassan Rouhani wathembisa abantu ukuthi: “ukunswinywa ngakwezomnotho ngizokulungisa, sizosungula nezinye izindlela zokusimamisa umnotho maduze.” Ukukhululwa komnotho wase-Iran kuzoba yisigaba sokuqala esizosiza abantu baleli lizwe ukuthi baphile impilo engcono, kodwa kulele ekuqhubekeni kwesivumelwano abasitholile. Ukunqoba ukhetho kukaRouhani kwanikeza u-Obama ithemba lokuthi sekuzoxoxeka ne-Iran.
Isivumelwano agcine esitholile nokho kasichazi ukuthi konke sekuphelile ngalolu daba. Izinqumo ezithathiwe zisazobuyekezwa zihlaziywe yisiShayamthetho saseMelika kanti kulindeleke ukuthi iqembu lamaRepublican lisichithe lesi sivumelwano ezinyangeni ezimbili ezizayo.
Lokhu kungenziwa ngukuthi isivumelwano esitholwe u-Obama sibukeka sithambile futhi sivuna izwe lase-Iran. Njengoba kubekwe umbandela wokuthi amaphoyisa e-UN azophenya izimayini zase-Iran eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngokuthanda kwe-UN. Ngokwemibandela yesivumelwano ukungena kunoma iyiphi imayini ngeke kube lula ngoba i-Iran izoba nelungelo lokuhlehlisa izikhathi abaphenyi be-UN abangahlela ukuza ngazo. Kunokwesabela ukuthi lokhu kunganikeza i-Iran isikhathi sokuthi ifihle ubufakazi bokuthi ike yaphula imigomo yesivumelwano. Lokhu kukodwa kungaba yisizathu sokuthi iSishayamthetho eMelika sichithe lesi sivumelwano. Ukusondela kokhetho lwangonyaka ozayo eMelika sekuqubule nemibuzo yokuthi kungabe u-Obama udlulise lesi sivumelwano ngokuxhamazela ukuze agcine isithunzi sakhe ngokuthi wakufeza konke athi uzokwenza njengoMengameli.
Isivumelwano kasichithwa ekhaya nje kuphela ku-Obama, kodwa sesiqhathe iMelika nezwe elingumadlelandawonye nalo i-Israel okokuqala ngqa emlandweni walawa mazwe. UNdunankulu wasezweni lakwa-Israeli uBenjamin Netanyahu akananazanga ukuveza ukungagculiseki kwakhe mhla zili-13 kuNtulikazi. Enkudlelini yezokuxhumana utwitter ucashunywa ethi: “kusukela embikweni yokuqala singasho sithi lesi sivumelwano siyongena emlandweni wamazwe njengephutha elikhulu.” UNetanyahu, ngokunjalo nabanye abaholi basezweni lakwa-Israeli kade baqala ukugxeka lezi zingxoxo, bezibona njengendlela yokuvulela i-Iran ithuba lokuthi izakhe kahle izikhali zeNunzi isinamandla kwezomnotho.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi isizwe sakwa-Israel siyinkukhu nempaka ne-Iran. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithunzi sika-Obama emlandweni singathikamezeka ngokwehluleka ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni esingamukelwa umhlaba wonke. Ukuhlaziywa kwalesi sivumelwano uma sichithwa yisiShayamthetho eMelika kungachaza ukuthi i-Israel iyobe inqobile ngokuthola ekufisayo; okungukuthi i-Iran ivalelwa ngaphandle kwezomnotho. Nakhona e-Iran izinto azikapheleli njengoba kusalindwe iseluleko somholi ophezulu waleli lizwe u-Ayatollah Ali Khamanei ukuthi esizocacisa ukuthi uyaseseka isivumelwano noma cha.
I-Israeli ayizwani ne-Iran nje, yingoba leli lizwe laphumela obala ngokuthi leseka amaPalestine ahlala e-Israel. AmaPalestine nabantu bakwa-Israeli okungamaJuda babhekene ngeziqu zamehlo kuleli lizwe babanga indawo yaseGaza enendawo engcwele. Ukweseka amaPalistine kuchaze ukuthi i-Iran izimemezele njengezitha ze-Israel kanti njengoba kunokwesaba ukuthi kungenzeka babenezikhali zeNunzi, abakwa-Israeli bafuna kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyaqedwa. Impi phakathi kwabo isivele isiqalile, nakuba ingenzeki emagcekeni alawa mazwe kunalokho empini yezwe laseSyria. Ngokomlando i-Iran ingamadlelandawonye neSyria, kanti yaphumela obala yayeseka ngesikhathi ihlaselwa ngamavukelambuso ngowezi-2011. I-Israel ngakolunye uhlangothi kunembiko yokuthi yona ibiseka amavukelambuso ngokuwahlinzeka ngezikhali nokunye ukuze aqumbe phansi umbuso kaBashir al Assad.
Amehlo abantu azobe ethe njo eMelika abantu belindele ukuthi sichithwe lesi sivumelwano, ngezizathu zokuthi iMelika ingamadlelandawonye ne-Israel. Ukuqhubeka kwalesi sivumelwano kungaphakamisa imibuzo ngobudlelwano balawa mazwe kanti ukuchithwa kwaso kungachaza ukuthi i-Iran ingasebenza ngokukhululeka ngeNunzi kungekho oyiqaphile.