Isivumelwano se-Ethopia sokuqasha ichweba eSomaliland sicasule iSomalia
Isivumelwano se-Ethiopia sokuqashisa ichweba esifundeni esahlubuka saseSomalia, iSomaliland, sicasule uhulumeni eMogadishu futhi sesenze nokukhathazeka ngokuthi sizophinde sidale uqhekeko kwisifunda esaziwa nge-Horn of Africa.
Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokusebenzisana esasayinwa lu-1 kuMasingana, i-Ethiopia evalekile(landlocked) izoqashisa amakhilomitha angama-20 ukuzungeza ichweba lase-Somaliland i-Berbera iminyaka engama-50, ukuze ihwebe(Somaliland) nezinkampanini zikahulumeni wase-Ethiopia kanye nokuthathwa njengezwe elizimele.
ISomalia iphendule ngokuthi lesi sivumelwano siyisenzo sobudlova futhi ithe sizosivimba. I-Ethiopia ithe imane ishaya uhlelo lwezentengiselwano lokubhekana nesidingo sokufinyelela olwandle.
Kungani i-Ethiopia ifuna lelichweba?
I-Ethiopia, iyizwe lesibili elinabantu abaningi e-Afrika njengoba linabantu abayizigidi ezili-120, incike ngaphezu kwama-90% yokuhweba kwayo emachwebeni e-Djibouti engumakhelwane, okuyikhiphisa imali ngaphezu kwesigidigidi esi-$ 1.5bn ngonyaka.
Enkulumweni yakhe ngoMfumfu, njengoba u-Abiy Ahmed abeka esidlangalaleni isizathu sokuthi i-Ethiopia ikwazi ukufinyelela olwandle, wacaphuna ujenene wase-Ethiopia wangekhulunyaka le-19, owayebize uLwandle Olubomvu “ngomngcele wemvelo” walelizwe.
I-Ethiopia yalahlekelwa ukufinyelela olwandle ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 lapho isifunda sayo ngaleso sikhathi i-Eritrea izihlukanisa ngemva kwempi yeminyaka. Umkhankaso ka-Abiy wokubuyisa lelizwe ngaphansi kweEthiopia kubukeka ukuthola ukwesekwa okubanzi kwezepolitiki. UNdunankulu ufuna nesizinda sasolwandle samasosha ase-Ethiopia, njengoba umbutho wasolwandle sewakhiwe kabusha eminyakeni yamuva nje kodwa okwamanje unqunyelwe ukwenza izivivinyo zokuqeqesha echibini elingaphakathi nezwe.
Yini ecasule iSomalia?
Uhulumeni eMogadishu( inhlokodolobha yaseSomalia) ubheka iSomaliland njengengxenye ebalulekile yeSomalia nakuba ijabulela ukuzimela okusebenzayo. Ngenkathi iSomaliland imemezela inkululeko yayo ngowe-1991, ayizange ihlonishwe yinoma yiliphi izwe. Uma i-Ethiopia ithatha isinqumo sokuhlonipha lendawo njengezwe elizimele, ingase ibeke isibonelo esingalandelwa ngamanye amazwe.
UMengameli waseSomalia u-Hassan Sheikh Mohamud usayine umthetho othi uchitha isivumelwano, futhi uhulumeni wakhe wasichitha isiphakamiso se-AU sokuxoxisana ne-Ethiopia, wathi ngeke izwe lakhe lixoxisane ngokuzibusa kwalo.
Athini amazwe kulesifunda?
Uma kubhekwa ukuntengantenga okungapheli eSomalia, e-Ethiopia naseSudan, kanye nendawo ekahle yoPhondweni lwe-Afrika ngaphesheya koLwandle Olubomvu ukusuka eGulf, abanye abahlaziyi besaba ukuthi le ngxabano ingase idonse abalingisi bangaphandle uma ikhula.
Amazwe aseMiddle East, okuhlanganisa iSaudi Arabia, i-United Arab Emirates (UAE), iTurkey neQatar, abebanga ithonya esifundeni ngokutshala izimali kwezomnotho, ukuvula izisekelo zamasosha nokudayisa izikhali.
Kuze kube manje, alikho izwe eliseseke esidlangalaleni lesi sivumelwano sechweba. I-Arab League, iSomalia eyilungu layo, iphinde yaqinisekisa ukweseka kwayo ubuzwe baseSomalia phezu kweSomaliland, njengoba kwenza i-AU, EU kanye ne-US.
UMengameli u-Abdel Fattah al-Sisi wase-Egypt, onobudlelwano obushubile ne-Ethiopia obuhlobene nengxabano mayelana nedamu i-Ethiopia elakhe phezu komfula iNile, uthe ngeSonto ngeke avumele noma ngubani ukuthi asabise iSomalia.
I-Eritrea ayizange iphawule ngalesi sivumelwano kodwa uMengameli wayo, u-Isaiahs Afwerki, umeme uMohamud waseSomalia e-Asmara ngemuva nje kokumenyezelwa kwalesivumelwano.
I-UAE, engumfelandawonye oqinile we-Ethiopia ne-Somaliland futhi ephethe ichweba laseBerbera nge-DP World ephethwe uhulumeni, ayizange iphawule ngalesi sivumelwano ngale kwesitatimende se-Arab League.