Amazwe ase-Afrika kufanele azilungiselele ushintsho oluzothinta amandla kagesi
Amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ahlinzeka ngogesi ohlanzekile ezigidini zase-Afrika, futhi a wumthombo omkhulu wamandla ezwenikazi. Enza cishe ingxenye yesine yesamba esiphehlwa ugesi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Nokho, amanye amazwe athembele kuwo kakhulu kunamanye. Isibonelo, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi wenza okungenani u-80% ophehlwa ugesi eDemocratic Republic of Congo, e-Ethiopia, eMalawi, eMozambique, e-Uganda naseZambia.
Izwekazi linamandla amaningi okuphehlwa ngamanzi njengoba kunemithombo yamanzi amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa iSub-Saharan Africa ilinganiselwa ukuthi inamahora ali-1.4 epetawatt ngonyaka wamandla angasetshenzisiwe, anezindleko eziphansi. Ukubeka lokhu kucace, iPWh engu-1 yamandla inganika amandla cishe isigamu sebhiliyoni yemizi ngonyaka owodwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi umuzi ngamunye usebenzisa isilinganiso esingaba yi-5.5 kWh ngosuku.
Kodwa-ke, kunokukhathazeka kwezombusazwe nezemvelo okufanele ababhekele lolu hlelo bazicabange uma befuna ukwandisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ukungezwani phakathi kwe-Ethiopia namazwe angezansi komfula iNile, kulandela ukwakhiwa kwedamu elikhulukazi iGrand Renaissance, kuwuphawu lwalokhu.
Njengomcwaningi ocwaninga ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo zamandla kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, uDokotela uFalchetta ubhale umbono ogqamisa ukuthi kungani ukusebenzisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kubandakanya izingozi ezihlobene nesimo sezulu.
Isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kanye nesifunda siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu. Izehlakalo ezifana nesomiso nezikhukhula ziya ngokuya ziba njalo. Okukhathazayo ukuthi ukuhlela nokuphatha amandla akuhambisani nezinguquko ezinjalo emazweni amaningi ase- Afrika.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzoba nomthelela emandleni kagesi. Ugesi wamanzi ukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa amandla ikinetic emanzini. Lawa manzi angase avele emifuleni noma emanzini agcinwe ezitsheni zemvelo noma zokwenziwa. Amanzi ageleza kumaturbines ajikelezayo. Amandla ekinetic amanzi ahambayo aguqulwa abe amandla emishini futhi ekugcineni abe amandla kagesi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphuma kwamandla edamu kuzwela kakhulu ezinguqukweni
ezimbi kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwemifula namanzi. Iyazwela futhi ezinguqukweni ezingapheli zesimo sezulu kusukela ngesikhathi yakhiwa.
Ngenze ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kocwaningo olukhona mayelana nemithelela ehlongozwayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene zase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umthelela wawo ekukhiqizweni, ukwethembeka kanye namathemba azayo kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Ngithole ukuthi umthelela ekukhiqizweni kukagesi ngamanzi uyahluka ezifundeni. Amazwe asempumalanga ne-Afrika angase ahlomule esimweni sezulu esishisayo mayelana nokuphuma kukagesi ngamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuthi amazwe aseningizimu ne-Afrika nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika azobhekana nesimo sezulu esomile. Lokhu kuzoletha imiphumela engemihle. Ukwehla kwamazinga amanzi kusho ukuthi izinjini zomoya zizosebenza ngamanani aphansi ngakho-ke zikhiqize ugesi omncane. I-Afrika Emaphakathi izoba yisifunda esincane esithinteke kancane ngokwemibandela yokushintsha kwemvula kanye nezehlakalo zesomiso.
Izinguquko ezilindelekile kumazinga emvula namaphethini aziqinisekile, nokho. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo sezulunezimo zinikeza isithombe esixubile sokuthi ikusasa lingenzeka kanjani, ikakhulukazi phakathi nendawo neningizimu- ntshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Icashunwe kwiThe Conversation ibhalwe nguDkt uGiacomo Falchetta.
