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Umlando ofundisayo ngokuqala kobukhosi bamaGibhithe nababusi bawo
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Umlando ofundisayo ngokuqala kobukhosi bamaGibhithe nababusi bawo

UHatshepsut, ophinde aziwe ngoHatchepsut, iNdlovukazi yase-Egypt (wazibusa ngokwakhe c. 1473–58 BCE) owathola amandla angakaze abonwe kowesifazane, ethatha iziqu ezigcwele kanye nobukhosi bukafaro.

UHatshepsut, indodakazi endala yenkosi yobukhosi be-18 uThutmose I nomngane wakhe u-Ahmose, wayeshade nomfowabo ngomzali oyedwa uThutmose II, indodana yentokazi uMutnofret. Njengoba amadodana kaMutnofret amathathu amadala afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uThutmose II wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi sikayise cishe ngo-1492 BCE, uHatshepsut waba unkosikazi wakhe. UHatshepsut wazala indodakazi eyodwa, uNeferure, kodwa engenandodana. Lapho umyeni wakhe efa cishe ngo-1479 BCE, isihlalo sobukhosi sadluliselwa endodaneni yakhe uThutmose III, eyazalelwa u-Isis, indlovukazi encane yabesifazane. Njengoba uThutmose III esemncane, uHatshepsut wasebenza njengeregent yenkosi encane.

Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokubusa kwendodana yakhe, uHatshepsut wayeyiregent evamile. Kodwa, ekupheleni konyaka wesikhombisa wokubusa kwakhe, wayesethweswe umqhele njengenkosi futhi wathatha igama eligcwele lobukhosi (umthetho wobukhosi owamukelwa ababusi baseGibhithe). UHatshepsut noThutmose III manje base bengabaphathi kanye neGibhithe, futhi uHatshepsut eyinkosi ebusayo kakhulu. Kuze kube manje uHatshepsut ubevezwe njengendlovukazi ejwayelekile, enomzimba wesifazane kanye nezingubo zowesifazane ezifanele.

Kodwa manje, ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokuhlola okwakuhilela ukuhlanganisa umzimba wesifazane nobukhosi (owesilisa), izithombe zakhe ezingokomthetho zaqala ukubonisa uHatshepsut enomzimba wesilisa, egqoke isigqoko sendabuko sekilt, umqhele noma indwangu yekhanda, nentshebe yamanga. Ukukuchitha lokhu njengomzamo omkhulu wokuzibonakalisa njengomuntu wesilisa kuwukungaqondi kahle ingqungquthela yezobuciko yaseGibhithe, ekhombisa izinto zingekho njengoba bezinjalo kodwa njengoba bekufanele zibe. Ngokuzenza aboniswe njengenkosi yendabuko, uHatshepsut waqinisekisa ukuthi yilokho ayezoba yikho.

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UHatshepsut akakaze achaze ukuthi kungani ethathe isihlalo sobukhosi noma ukuthi wancenga kanjani izikhulu zaseGibhithe ukuthi zamukele isikhundla sakhe esisha. Nokho, isici esibalulekile empumelelweni yakhe kwakuyiqembu lezikhulu ezithembekile, eziningi ezakhethwa ngesandla, ezazilawula zonke izikhundla ezibalulekile kuhulumeni wakhe. Owayegqame kakhulu phakathi kwalaba kwakunguSenenmut, umbonisi wayo yonke imisebenzi yasebukhosini kanye nomfundisi waseNeferure. Abanye ababukele baye basikisela ukuthi uHatshepsut noSenenmut kungenzeka ukuthi babeyizithandwa, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obusekela lesi simangalo.

Ngokwesiko, amakhosi aseGibhithe ayevikela izwe lawo ezitheni ezazicashe emingceleni yaseGibhithe. Ukubusa kukaHatshepsut kwakunokuthula, futhi inqubomgomo yakhe yangaphandle yayisekelwe kwezohwebo kunempi. Kodwa izigcawu ezisezindongeni zethempeli lakhe iDayr al-Baḥrī, entshonalanga yeThebes, zisikisela ukuthi waqala ngomkhankaso wezempi omfushane, ophumelelayo eNubia.

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