Ukuncipha kwesibalo sezilwane eziphila ngaphansi nangaphandle kwamanzi
Isibulalasithombo singezinye sezibulalasithombo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Umphumela walokhu wukuthi i-atrazine ingezinye yezibulalasithombo ezidunga amanzi avela ngaphansi nasebusweni bomhlaba kanye nasemanzini aqhamuka emimpompini. I-atrazine iphinde ibe yisihlakazamizwa esinamandla futhi esikhuthele emazingeni aphansi, amazinga okuthiwa amukelekile ngokwesayensi yasentshonalanga.
Izifundo zocwaningo olwedlule zisikhombisile ukuthi i-atrazine idala izifo ezilwaneni nasezithonjeni eziphila emhlabeni nangaphansi kwamanzi amaxoxo nezinkalankala njalo njalo). Izifundo zocwaningo olusha zikhombisa imiphumela emibi ebangelwa i-atrazine kwezokuzalana kwezilo nezilokazana eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni. Izilwane ezibulilisilisa zithundeka amandla obudoda bese ziphenduka zibe ubulilisifazane lapho sezikhule zavuthwa ngokuphelele.
Okweshumi kwazo zonke izilwane zeduna ezinikezwe i-atrazine, kukhule kwagcina kwenzisa okwezilwane zensikazi, nakho kwagcina sekukhwelwa izilwane zeduna ezingazange zinikezelwe nge-atrazine, zase zikhiqiza amaqanda. Izilwane zeduna ezinikezelwe nge-atrazine zilahlekelwa amandla obudoda, ukuncipha kobukhulu bezindlala eziphathelene nokuzalanisa, ukuncipha kwephimbo lifane nelezilwane zensikazi, ukugqibeka kwendlela yokukhwela, ukuncipha kwesidoda kanye nokuncipha kwenzalo.
Lemininingwane engenhla ihambelana nomthelela owenziwa i-atrazine kwezinye izilwane ezinomhlonzo. Le miphumela yezifundo zocwaningo olusha iyisibonelo esibonisa indima edlalwa i-atrazine kanye nezinye izibulalasithombo ekudungweni kwemizwa nasekuncipheni kwezibalo zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Cishe amapounds ayizigidi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili asetshenziswa eMelika ngonyaka nje kuphela, kanti futhi i-atrazine iyisibulalasithombo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudungweni kwamanzi atholakala ngaphansi nangaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba. I-atrazine ihamba ibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ukususela lapho isetshenziswe khona ithuthwa ngamanzi emvula, kanti futhi umphumela walokhu wukudungeka ngisho kwezindawo zasemaphandleni lapho i-atrazine ingasetshenziswa khona.
Empeleni, amapounds angaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi e-atrazine asakazwa imvula ngonyaka eMelika nje kuphela. Ngaphezulu kokuphikelela nokuhamba kanye nokusabalala kokudungeka kwamanzi, i-atrazine iphinde ibe yindaba egudwini ngenxa yocwaningo oluningana oselukhombisile ukuthi i-atrazine iyisiphazamisamizwa esinamandla akhuthele abalelwa nezikalo zabo-ppb (parts per billion) enyameni yenhlanzi, inyama yezilwane eziphila ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanzi ezifana nezinkalankala namaxoxo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifana nezinyoka nezingwenya nezibankwa nezimfudu, inhlayiyakuphila yomuntu (human cell lines), kanti itholakala ngezikalo eziphezulu (ppb) ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni, kanye nezilwane eziququdayo ezisetshenziswa ezindlini zocwaningo lwesayensi. I-atrazine ikhombisa ukuba namandla amakhulu ezilwaneni eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni, lapho ikhuthele emazingeni aphansi alinganiselwa ku-0.1 ppb.
Noma ezinye zezifundo zocwaningo ziphakamisa ukuthi i-atrazine ayinawo umthelela otheni ezilwaneni eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni uma zihlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kolunye ucwaningo i-atrazine inciphisa umthamo wesidoda; inciphisa isibalo senhlayiyakuphila yembewu yempilo kanye namaSertoli cells; iheha ihermaphroditism (umbaxambili); inciphisa amandla obudoda; iphinde ihehe itesticular o-ogenesis. Akugcini lapho, ukonakala kwamanzi nge-atrazine kuphinde kuhlanganiswe nokuncipha kobulili besilisa ezilwaneni ezihlala ngaphansi nangaphandle kwamanzi, ezitholakala budebuduze namasimu asebenzisa i-atrazine, kanti futhi iphinde ihlanganiswe nokudungeka kwezindawo zasendle.
Iyaqhubeka.