Ngabe kuyahambisana nomlando waboHlanga ukugubha uNcibijane zingama-31 kuZibandlela?
Uncibijane usuku oluyindumezulu emazweni amaningi aseAfrika nasehlabeni wonke jikelele. Ngokwekhalendela lombuso wahulumeni wakuleli, lolu suku lubungazwa minyaka yonke uma kugamaxa ihora le-12 phakathi nobusuku ngama-31 kuZibandlela.
Ngalolu suku imisakazo yomoya neyamabonakude ikhipha uhla lwezingoba ezidle umhlanganiso kulowo nyaka. Bese uma zithi zithi 12- ebusuku kumenyenzelwe igoma ezishaye zonke amakhanda – ingoma ehlukanise unyaka. Lowomzuzu ulandelwa imbungazo yokuqhumiswa kwebhisi, imikhuleko nokujabula akuyisibangaliso ezweni lonke.
Uncibijane ubungazwa njengosuku lapho unyaka usuke uphela khona. Ngabe kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi unyaka usuke uphela ngempela? Ngabe kusho ukuthini ukuphela konyaka ngokweSayensi? Ngabe endulo aboHlanga babegubha ukuphela konyaka ngozibandlela na? Kule ngosi sizobheka ukuthi umlando waboHlanga nolwazi lwabo lwezinkanyezi nomkhathi uyahambisana yini nokugujwa kukaNcibijane zingama-31 kuZibandlela.
Uma sibheka isimo sokuguquka kwemvelo ngokwenkathi ezahlukene zonyaka, sizothola ukuthi ngoZibandlela kusuke kuyihlobo eningizimu nezwekazi i-Afrika. Imvamisa izitshalo nezimila zisuke seziqala ukuthela. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya utshani busuke sebukhulile baze bavala izindlela.
Leli gama elithi Zibandlela lisuselwa ekubukeni isimo semvelo lapho kusuke izindlela sezimbozwe utshani kungahambeki. Kuthiwa abantu emandulo babexwayiswa ukuthi bazibe izindlela ukuze bangashaywa izinyoka. Ngakho ke, akuwenzi umqondo ukuthi singathi unyaka uyaphela ekubeni isimo semvelo sikhombisa ukuthi sesiyathomba. Ngabe ulwazi lwenkanyezi nomkhathi lwabohlanga luyakufakazela lokhu na?
Kwenye yengosi sike sakuveza ukuthi akusilo iqiniso ukuthi ulwazi lwenkanyezi nomkhathi kwafika nabaseNtshonalanga. Lokho kusukela emlandweni waboHlanga olandwa ongoti abaningi abanjenge sanusi uVusamazulu Mutwa, oSolwazi uChiek Anta Diop noSolwazi uMazisi Kunene.
Ngokomlando nolwazi lwaboHlanga unyaka uqala ngoNcwaba noma ngomaNdulo, lapho izitshalo nezimila zisuke seziqala ukuncwaba. Isanusi uVusamazulu Mutwa uyakuveza ukuthi emandulo abantu babegubha ukuqala konyaka ngomandulo kwisakhiwo ekuthiwa iNzalo yeLanga etholakala kwisifundazwe iMpumalanga. Lesakhiwo siyikhalenda elalisetshenziswa abohlanga ukulandelela nokucubungula isimo selanga, inyanga nezinkanyezi.
Kuthiwa endulo ukuqala konyaka kwakubonakala ngokuphuma kwenkanyezi ekhazimula kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuphume ilanga entathakusa. Le nkanyezi yaziwa ngokuthi iNjebovu,, kodwa ngokolwazi lwenkanyezi zabamanje ibizwa ngokuthi iSirius star. Imibuso eminingi yasendulo yayisebenzisa lenkanyezi ukukala ukuqala nokuphela konyaka.
Lapha sibala imibuso enjenge yaseKhemu (Nubia, Kushu, Ethipia), Dogon yaseMali. OSolwazi abanjengoHerodutus bayakuveza ukuthi imibuso yamaGreek, amaRoma kanye namaArabi asungulela ikhalenda lawo elisusela kwikhalenda laseKhemu, eselaziwa ngokuthi Dendera Calendar elingcinwe eLuive Museum eParis, France.
Ngokomlando siyathola ukuthi aboHlanga abakususeli ekhanda ukugubha unyaka ngoNcwaba okanye ngomaNdulo kodwa bakususela ekuqapheleni isimo senguquko yemvelo nolwazi lwenkanyezi nomkhathi. Umbuzo uthi konakalaphi pho? Yini eyaholela ukuthi abohlanga bayeke ukugubha ukuqala konyaka ngoNcwaba nomaNdulo?
Impendulo yalombuzo isobala futhi ihlobene nokucindezeleka kwabohlanga. Ukufika ngondlebezikhanyilanga kwelengabande kwaguqula izinto eziningi empilweni yaboHlanga. Sikhuluma nje, iningi lamazwe ase-Afrika asebenzisa iGregorian khalenda. Lolu hlobo lwekhalenda lasungulwa uPapa uGregory XII nge-1582 kuMfumfu.
Ngokomlando otholakala kuWikipedia, kuthiwa UPapa uGregory XII nethimba lakhe bakubona kufanele ukuthi balungise iJulian Calendar elalisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi ngoba laliphambanisa ukuqala konyaka ngokwaseNyakatho yomhlaba. Unyaka eNyakatho yomhlaba uqala zingama-21 kuNdasa, okuyintwasahlobo. Lomsebenzi wokulungiswa kweJulian Calendar waholela ekutheni kungezwe usuku olulodwa ngoNhlolanja njalo emva kweminyaka emine.
Uhulumeni wamaNgisisi nama-Afrikaaners ngenkathi usungulwa ngowe-1910 i-Union of South Africa, ubusebenzisa iGregorian Calendar neRoman-Dutch English Law. Kuze kube inamuhla akukaze kuguqulwe ukusetsheziswa kwekhalenda.
IGregorian Calendar iyahambisana nemazwe aseNyakatho kodwa iyaphambana namazwe aseNingizimu yomhlaba. Ngokho ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abohlanga babuyele kwikhalenda labo lasendulo. Akufanele siphambane nemnvelo.
Kulengosi sikuveza ngokusobala ukuthi akuwenzi umqondo ukugubha ukuphela konyaka okanye uncibijane zingama-31 kuZibandlela. Izizathu zalokho sizithola uma sibuka isimo sokuguquka kwemvelo nomlando wezinkanyezi nomkhathi waboHlanga wasendulo. Niwuhlabe niwulawule nina makhosi namakhosikazi akaNtu.