Amachaphazelo empi ye-Ukraine neRussia e-Afrika
Ozitshela ukuthi le mpi ephakathi kwe-Ukraine noma neNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) kanye neRussia, nosekuphele izinyanga ezimbili yaqubuka nokungenazimpawu zokuthi izohlala phansi ibambe umthetho maduze, kunalokho iyadlondlobala, ayinamthelela noma ukhona kepha mncane e-Afrika ukhuluma iphutha eliyisimanga. Ngaphambi kokuba sibeke izizathu ezimbalwa ngomthelela wale mpi e-Afrika, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kungani kumele kungathiwa yimpi ephakathi kwe-Ukraine neRussia kepha kuthiwe iphakathi kwe-Ukraine yesekwa yinhlangano iNATO (Ukraine/NATO) kanye neRussia ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kubalulekile nokuthi uma kubhekwa eyomthelela e-Afrika kucutshungulwe ngakwezomnotho, ezokuhlonishwa ngokulingana kwamalungelo amazwe omhlaba nayingxenye ye-United Nations (UN), kuphinde kufakwe ezokuphepha nokuthula emhlabeni wonke jikelele.
Asiqale ngeyokuthi lena yimpi efaka i-Ukraine neNATO, nokuthi lokhu kuyibekaphi i-Afrika. Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi emveni kokungenelela kweRussia e-Ukraine, ingcindezi amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi iNinigizimu Afrika azithola engaphansi kwayo ukuba eseke i-Ukraine, ayiqhamukanga kuleli lizwe kuphela, kepha izesheli nabakhongi ababethi alesekwe kwabe kungamazwe ayizikhondlakhondla aseNyakatho afana ne-United States of America (USA), iFrance, i-United Kingdom (UK), iGermany ne-Italy.
La mazwe angamalungu e-UN, aphinde abe yingxenye yeNATO, aphinde abe amazwe asondelene kakhulu nezwekazi i-Afrika ngakwezohwebo. Lezi zathu, ikakhulukazi esohwebo zidala ukuthi izinyathelo ezithathwe amazwe athize e-Afrika zokungahambisani nezifiso zokuthi iRussia ifakwe unswinyo – yenziwe umhlatshelo – ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azozithola ubudlelwano bawo nala mazwe sebuntenga.
Ngakwezohwebo le mpi izoba futhi isibe nomthelela emkhakheni wezolimo, kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla e-Afrika. Isizathu esidala lokhu wukuthi, amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika ancike ngokweqile ekuthengisweni kukakolweni nomanyolo okuqhamuka eRussia nase-Ukraine. La mazwe amabili enza cishe amaphesenti angama-30 kakolweni othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, nokubalwa kuwo awase-Afrika, nalapho izilinganiso ze-United Nations (UN) kwezohwebo nentuthuko zibonisa ukuthi amazwe ase-Afrika athenga ukolweni eRussia nase-Ukraine obiza cishe izigidigidi eziyisi-$5.1 phakathi kweminyaka yezi-2018 kuya kweyezi-2020.
Isibonelo salo mthelela sisemazweni amathathu ase-Afrika iKenya, iSudan, ne-Ethiopia azithola esebhekene nokwenyuka kwentengo namanani okudla. Njengoba iKenya iya okhethweni kulo nyaka, ukuketulwa kombuso nyakenye eSudan kanye nempi yombango eqhubekayo e-Ethiopia. Ukunyuka kwentengo kakolweni kungase kubhebhethekise intukuthelo yezakhamuzi engagcina isiholela esimweni esibucayi kula mazwe. Nokwenyuka kwamanani kawoyela kuzoshubisa isimo njengoba izindleko zokuthutha zikhuphuka, kanjalo namanani okudla, okuyisimo esivame ukwandisa imibhikisho emazweni ehlukene. IKenya nje, emveni kokuqubuka kwale mpi yazithola seyibhekene nosongo oluphindiwe lokwehla kwamanani entengo kanye nokuthola izimakethe ezintsha zamakhilogremu etiye angaphezu kwesigidi ayekhiqizelwe imakethe yaseRussia okumanje ivalelekile ngenxa yale mpi nonswinyo iRussia ebhekene nalo.
IKenya iphezu kwezingxoxo namazwe ayingxenye ye-European Union (EU), iningi lawo liphinde libe ngamalungu eNATO zokuthi ikwazi ukuthengisa lo mkhiqizo wetiye ezimakethe ezise-Europe, okuyinto eyosiza kakhulu iKenya uma kungase yenzeka. Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi iKenya ingelinye lamazwe elagqashula kuqala ku-UN Security Council (UNSC) lagxeka iRussia, okwalenza lizebeke ngasohlangothini lwe-EU kanye ne-NATO kule mpi ekhona.
Kweyezokuphepha, amagalelo akhona okwakha ukuthula emazweni ehlukene e-Afrika, umthelela wale mpi uzoba mkhulu, futhi usuyabonaka emazweni athize. Isibonelo, yisinqumo esathathwa yiFrance kuNhlolanja nonyaka sokuhoxisa amasotsha ayo abalelwa ezi-2 400, abekade eseka uHulumeni waseMali ekulweni nontamolukhuni kuleli lizwe. Yethula lesi sinqumo iFrance yabeke ukuthi esinye sezizathu zokuhoxa ukuthi ayihambisani nokuba khona eMali, kanye nobudlelwano uHulumeni waseMali anabo nenkampani yamasosha azikhuzayo edabuka eRussia futhi esondelene kakhulu noHulumeni waseRussia ebizwa ngeWagner Group. Okuxakayo ke wukuthi, kungani iFrance iveze lesizathu manje, kepha bese kuphele iminyaka iseMali kube kuvele kwaziwa ukuthi iWagner Group nayo ikhona.
Okucacayo wukuthi lena ngenye yezindlela amazwe aseNyakatho azozama ngayo ‘ukunswinya’ iRussia e-Afrika, aphinde futhi ‘ajezise’ amazwe awabona ‘njengahambisana’ neRussia. Kuwo lowo mnyama, emasontweni amabili edlule, iCameroon idalule ukuthi seyiphothule isivumelwano neRussia sokuthenga izikhali. Lesi sivumenlwano sidalulwa ngesikhathi isatholene phezulu eCameroon phakathi kwamaqembu afuna ukuhlubuka noHulumeni. Kusenjalo, iNigeria kuyo le nyanga, lidalule ukuthi sigicine siphothuliwe isivumelwano sokuthenga izikhali e-USA. Lesi sivumelwano sabe simisiwe nyakenye ngenxa yokuthi iPhalamende lase-USA lalikhalazela ukuthi iNigeria ingelinye lamazwe elidicilela phansi amalungelo ezakhamuzi.
Okukhexisa umlomo wukuthi kungabe manje ayisakwenzi yini iNigeria lokho ebisolwa ngakho nyakenye, yikho sebevumile ukuthi ithole lezi zikhali? Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi iNigeria yaba ngelinye lamazwe ase-Afrika evotini yalo ku-UN General Assembly (UNGA) leseka isinqumo esasigxeka iRussia nesasiphakanyiswe amazwe afana ne-USA.
Lezi zizathu ezimbalwa zingezinye eziyisexwayiso ezakhamuzini zase-Afrika ukuthi akumele ziyithathe kancane eyenzeka eNyakatho ngenxa yale mpi. Ukube amazwe aseNyakatho ebe eyishaya indiva i-Afrika, ubengeke uMengameli wase-Ukraine uZelenksy engxoxweni abenayo noMengameli waseSenegal – nonguSihlalo we-AU – afake isicelo sokwethula inkulumo kubaholi base-Afrika ngaphansi kwale Nhlangano.
Noma kusaphele izinyanga ezimbili kuphela, okuvelayo wukuthi ngenxa yale mpi amazwe ase-Afrika azozithola eqhudelana wodwa ngokuthi yiliphi elizohlomula ngezinqumo elizithathayo emazaweni aseNyakatho, okungaba yiRussia noma ‘umfelandawonye’ we-Ukraine/NATO/EU. Lesi simo somqhudelwano wamazwe ase-Afrika singezinye zezinto ezenza kube nzima ukuthi kwiziNhlangano ezifana ne-UN lamazwe akazwi ukukhuluma ngazwi linye, nokuyisenzo osekuphele iminyaka kuzanywa ukuthi singenzeki.
UMnu uSenzo Ngubane, uNgoti kwezocwaningo lokudala ukubuyisana nokuthula ezwenikazi i-Afrika