UNobhala Jikelele we-United Nations uphonse inselela kubaholi bamazwe
Sekwaba yinjwayelo ukuthi oNobhala Jikelele be-United Nations (UN) ngokwehlukana kwabo, kufike isikhathi lapho beshicilela umbiko onqala mayelana nokuthize nezigameko ezikhona emhlabeni nababona kuyizo okumele amazwe omhlaba abhekane nazo ngqo.
Le mibiko enqala ivame ukusetshenziswa yilowo onguNubhala Jikelele wale Nhlangano ukuza nezinguquko mhlambe endleleni i-UN esebenza ngayo okuze kugcina sekusungulwe amahhovisi noma iminyango emisha yale Nhlangano. Le mibiko iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuveza izaba ezahlukene okumele abaholi bamazwe bagxile kuzo ukuze uma befisa ukubona umhlaba onokuthula, ukusebenza ngokubambana, nokwakha amazwe adlondlobale.
Ngowe-1992 owayenguNobhala uDr uBoutros Boutros-Ghali, wakhipha umbiko owabizwa nge-An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, nowawuhlose ukuqinisa, nokuhlela kabusha ukusebenza kwe-UN kwezokwakha uxolo emazweni ehlukene kanye nakweyokuthumela amosothsa okugcina ukuthula.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi ngaleyo minyaka, amazwe ehlukene emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseNtshonalanga ye-Europe, izinguquko zangaleyo minyaka ezimweni zezepolitiki nokuphathwa kombuso zeza nezinxushunxushu ezaphoqa le Nhlangano ukuba iphumele obala ngokuthi ingazihlela kanjani ukuze ikwazi ukungenelela kulezo zimo.
Kwase kuthi ngowezi-2000, owayengene emveni kukaGhali, uMnu uKofi Annan, naye wakhipha owakhe umbiko owabizwa ngeWe the peoples: the role of the United Nations in the 21st century. Lo mbiko wabe uqukethe iziphakamiso ngezinguquko leNhlangano okumele ize nazo ezizokhombisa ukuthi yabe isiyiNhlangano eyehlukile kunaleyo eyayibunjwe amazwe ambalwa ngowe-1945.
Kulo mbiko wakhe, u-Annan wagcizelele ukuthi amazwe omhlaba nangamalungu ale Nhlangano kukho konke akwenzayo ..“mawabeke izakhamuzi maphakathi kwakho konke awakwenzayo…Alukho ubizo oluhlonipheke kakhulu, futhi akukho msebenzi omkhulu ukwedlula lowo wokunika amandla abesilisa, abesifazane nezingane, emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni, ukwenza impilo yabo ibe ngcono”. Yilo mbiko owagcina sewusinika uhla lwezintshisekelo ezabizwa ngeMillennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ongunoBhala Jikelele wale Nhlangano uMnu Antonio Guterres uhambe ezinyathelweni zabaphambilini ngenkathi ekhipha owakhe umbiko onqala osihloko sawo yi “Our Common Agenda”, nawethule ezithebeni zomhlangano wonyaka wale Nhlangano obubanjwe kule nyanga.
Njengoba kwenzeka ku-Annan, uGuterres ikhiphe owakhe umbiko ngesikhathi esibalulekile ku-UN lapho le Nhlangano igubha iminyaka engama-75 yasungulwa, kanti ngesika-Annan kwabe kuphela ikhulu leminyaka sekungenwa kweye-21. Lo mbiko kaGuterres ungacishe futhi ufaniswe nowesikhathi sikaGhali owenziwa lapho amazwe athize, ikakhululukazi e-Europe, ayebhekene nobunzima ngenxa yezinguquko ezazidalwa ukuphela kombuso wamaKhomanisi.
UGuterres ubhale owakhe umbiko ngesikhathi amazwe omhlaba ethwele kanzima ngenxa yokhuvethe, nokudale ukuthi uNobhala Jikelele akhalazele ukwehluleka ukusebenza ngokubambisana okugcwele nokunobulungiswa ukuze kunqontshwe lesi siqhwaga.
Yikho uGuterres esebenzise ithuba analo ukugcizelela ukuthi amazwe omhlaba awakaze abhekane nefana nalena selokhu kwaphela Impi Yomhlaba Yesibili. Okumenze ukuba asebenzise lo mbiko ukuphinda agcizelele ukuthi izinselelo amazwe omhlaba abhekene nazo ziyefana futhi zisondelene kakhulu okukhombisa ukuthi zingalungiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisana nokuvuselela ukubambisana nale Nhlangano Yezizwe ukuze kubhekwane kahle nazo.
Lo mqulu owethulwe uGuterres – ubizwe nge-Our Common Agenda – ubheke phambili ngokuthi uze nezincomo ngokumele kwenziwe yi-UN eminyakeni enhgama-25 ezayo ibambisene namazwe omhlaba, uphinde ube umhlahlandlela kaNobhala Jikelele wokuvuselela ubumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe nathi kumele lubandakanye wonke umuntu ukuze kubhekwane nobunzima obukhona emhlabeni.
Ethula lo mbiko kubaholi bamazwe kumhlangano wonyaka we-UN, uNobhala uveze ukuthi i-Our Common Agenda yakhela phezu kwemibono eminingi evele ngesikhathi le nhlangano ibambe izingxoxo nabantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi nengxenye (1 500 000) kuwo wonke amazwe ali-193 angamalungu e-UN, nalapho bezwakalise ukubaluleka kokusekelwa kwe-UN, kanye nezifiso zabo zokuthi leNhlangano ifeze ngokugcwele izinjongo eyasungulelwa zona.
Wase esebenzisa lelithuba ukwethula ukuthi le Agenda ezanayo izosebenza ngaphansi kwezihloko ezine okubalwa ukuqinisa indlela yokuphatha komhlaba, ukwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi le Nhlangano ikulungele ukusebenza kwinkathi entsha.
Uthathe waphonsa inselelo kubaholi bamazwe yokuthi kumele bahlele iNgqungquthela Ephezulu ezocubungula kahle zonke izingqinamba azidalulilele nezincomo eziqukethwe kulo mbiko. Le Ngqungquthela – ngokukaNobhala – komele iphinde ibhekisise kahle nangeso elisha ngezokuphepha nokuthula emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa izingozi ezingadalwa yizikhali zenuzi, ukuqinisa izindlela zokubona ingozi ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angene endlini, ukuza namasu amasha okulwa namaqembu obugebengu nodlame, ukwesekwa kwemizamo yokwakha uxolo, ukwandisa amathuba okwakha ukuthula emazweni ehlukene ngokuthi kubhekwane ngqo nezimbangela zezingxabano kanye nokubeka abesifazane namantombazane enkabeni yenqubomgomo yezokuphepha.
Ngalo mbiko awethulile uGuterres naye, njengoba abanye oNobhala benza phambilini, useyibikle induku ebandla; sekulele kubaholi bamazwe angamalungu e-UN ukuthi baphumele obala ngokuthi bazimisele noma cha ukuba yingxenye yezinguquko okumele zenziwe ukuze kuguqulwe indlela abaphatha ngayo izingqinamba ezikhona emhlabeni.