Simanxebanxeba: Izizwe nabantu obishini oluwukhuvethe
Nsukuzaphuma kwanda izidumbu nezikweletu. Umthelela kwezokubuswa kanye nesimomazwe
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili eyedlule beziningi izinguquko eziphathwayo. Kusuka ekuguqukeni kwezobuchwepheshe nokwadala ukwesaba ukuthi kukhulu okuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi kukhulunywa ngeY2K nokwabe kuyigama elabe lifingqiwe lisho unyaka wezi-2000. Ngalesi sikhathi emhlabeni wonke jikelele kwabe kunokwesaba ukuthi phakathi kwamabili uma kusongwa unyaka we-1999 kungenwa kowezi-2000 “liyobhubha” ngasohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe kucime yonke into. Lokho akwenzakalanga.
Ngokuqala konyaka owedlule (2020) umhlaba uhlatshwe yiva. Umkhuhlane ukhuvethe (Covid-19) ubikwe emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu. Esikhathini esingangonyaka kwabikwa ngalo mkhuhlane sekukhona ukuvuma kubaholi bamazwe kanye nomphakathi ukuthi kwaba khona ubudedengu. Elinye lamazwe eselibhekene nenkinga emuva kokwenza kahle emlenzeni wokuqala wokugasela kokhuvethe yiNingizimu Afrika. Ngesiwombe sokuqala leli lizwe latuswa ngamazwe omhlaba ngendlela elelusa ngayo lolu bhubhane. Ngisho amaqembu aphikisayo azibophezela ekubambisaneni noHulumeni ekuphungeni ukugabadula kwalo mkhuhlane. Akugcinanga lapho kepha nabezamabhizinisi bakuqonda okwabe kuphoqa uHulumeni ukuba aqhamuke neminye yemithetho eyabe inqinda amalungelo ezakhamuzi. Ekulweni nalesi sifo uHulumeni walanda ongoti abahlonishwa umhlaba wonke abaholwa nguSolwazi u-Abdool Karim. Ngakolunye uhlangothi njengoSihlalo we-African Union (AU), uMengameli uRamaphosa wakwazi ukukhomoza ibutho lase-Afrika elabe lizokaka lo mkhuhlane. Akulona ihaba ukuthi ngenxa yale mizamo, okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni ecela ekhulwini kuyaqala ukuthi isifo sibatshazwe kakhulu emazweni asentshonalanga kepha kungabi njalo emazweni ase-Afrika.
Ngokombiko wayizolo weWorld Health Organisation Regional Office for Africa, emazweni ase-Afrika angama-54, angama-47 athintekile. Khona lapho kubikwe ukuthi bayizi-2, 221, 720 okubikwe kuti bahlabekile. Asebedlulile emhlabeni kuzwekazi kuthiwa bayizi-24,464. Nokho umbiko wakamuva okhuluma ngokuthi ukhuvethe lolu seludida imibala usuhlalise amazwe ase-Afrika lubhojozi. Lokhu kudida imibala kuqashelwe kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika ngokutholakala kwegciwane iSARS-CoV-2 Varient elibonakala lithelela kalula abantu futhi lihlangene nokuqubuka kabusha okukhona kokhuvethe ezweni. NgoMandulo wezi-2020, iWHO ne-Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention bethula amalabhorathri ali-12 e-Afrika ukuqinisa uchunge lolibosakhiwo lweSARS-CoV-2. Kusukela zingama-23 kuZibandlela, izincunge eziyizi-4 948 zikhiqiziwe esifundeni okungama-2% kweziyizi-295 101 esezikhiqiziwe emhlabeni jikelele.
INingizimu Afrika ekhiqize eziningi kweziyizi-4 948 izincunge isihlonze imindeni yeSARS-CoV-2 engama-35, kanti iNigeria isahlonze eli-18. Ukubeka ngamaqoqo amagciwane atholakala emazweni ahlukene ngokwemindeni noma kwemindenyana kukhombisa ukuxhumana noma ukuhamba kwamagciwane phakathi kwamazwe.
Ngokwenkulumo yakamuva kaMengameli uRamaphosa umleze wesibili wokhuvethe umandla kweleNdlovukazi uMthaniya. INetwork for Genomic Surveillance of South Africa (NGS-SA), iwukuxhumana kohulumeni abali-10 namalabhorathri amayunivesithi, icwaninge ukuhlukana ngokolibo kwamagciwane eSARS-CoV-2 angena lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Ithimba licwaninge amasampula angama-21 elaliwaqoqe KwaZulu-Natal enyangeni yokuqala yobhubhane ukuze licacse ngezindlela zokutheleleka eNingizimu Afrika. Uhlaziyo lwalo luveze ukuthi amagciwane afika KwaZulu-Natal eqhamuka emazweni ase-Europe nawase-Asia njengasePhilippines, eSingapore naseMalaysia. Ezinye izinhlobo zegciwane ezafika eNingizimu Afrika zaziqhamuka e-Australia, e-United States of America nase-United Kingdom (UK) zibukeka sengathi zaqubuka e-Asia zanqamula e-UK. IKwaZulu-Natal idume kakhulu ngokuhanjelwa izivakashi zangaphakathi ezweni nezivela kwamanye amazwe futhi inechweba elikhulu e-Afrika.
Ephawula ngomlenze wesibili nokudida kwesifo imibala, uDkt Matshidiso onguMqondisi kuWHO Regional Directorate for Africa uthe: “Ukuqubuka kwezinhlotshana ezintsha zokhuvethe kujwayelekile. Nokho, lezo ezinamandla asheshayo okuthelela nawokubanga izifo zikhathaza kakhulu. Izincwaningo ezibalulekile ziyaqhubeka ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi ngokuziphatha kwalolu hlotshana olufana nokhuvethe kubuye kubhekwane nalo ngokufanelekile.”
Lesi simo emhlabeni jikelele sesiqalile ukukhathaza ongoti bomnotho kanye namazwe. Ngonyaka owedlule ngoNhlangulana abeGlobal Economic Prospects bahlonza ukuthi: “Ubhubhane kulindeleke ukuthi lulethe emazweni amaningi inzikamnotho ngowezi-2020, lapho kuncipha ingxenye enkulu yengeniso lezwe emazweni amaningi umhlaba wonke kusukela ngowe-1870.
“Iminotho emikhulu kulindeleke ukuthi inciphe ngamaphesenti ayisi-7. Lokho kuntenga kuzothelela izimakethe ezisafufusa eminothweni esakhula, okuqagulwa ukuthi izoncipha ngamaphesenti ama-2.5 njengoba bezama ukubhekana nobhubhane ezindaweni zabo. Lokhu kuzoba ngokuntekenteke kakhulu kuleli qoqo lomnotho okungenani iminyaka engamshumi ayisithupha.”
Lolu hlaka luphinde lwaphawula lwathi emuva komlenze wokuqala wokhuvethe: “Yize umnotho womhlaba jikelele usimama ekuweni okubangwa wukhuvethe, uzohlala ngaphansi kwalokhu okubangwa wubhubhane isikhathi eside. Ubhubhane lufake uvoyizane esilondeni ekwandiseni ingcuphe ehambisana nokukhula kwesikweletu esesithathe ishuminyaka sinqwabelana.”
Izinkinga ekuphathweni kwezwe
Ngalesi sikhathi ohulumeni abaningi kubalwa nowaseNingizimu Afrika kubukeka begxile kakhulu kukhuvethe njengenkinga yezempilo bayeka ukufundisa nokwazisa nangeminye imixhantela. Inkinga ayisekho munxamunye noma iqondane kuphela nezempilo. Ukhuvethe aluyi ndawo sidinga ukufunda ukuphila negciwane. Ngenkathi okwelapha ukhuvethe kuwukugoma noma ukwelashwa ngemithi, isixazululo emtheleleni wezinxushunxushu nezinkinga kuhambisana nezepolitiki nokubuswa okungenani eminxeni emithathathu. Owokuqala, izinqumo zezepolitiki ezingaphusile ezihambisana nokugamukelani kwezepolitiki. Owesibili, ukutshala imali encane kwezempilo yomphakathi okubhebhezelwa imicabangokuphila yokuthi liyini iqhaza lombuso kulokhu. Owesithathu, imithetho yokuthanda izwe esibe yisimbelambela nendlela yokwandisa ukuhlukana phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu, ngemicabangokuphila yangapha noma yangale.
Imibiko evela kuwo wonke amagumbi amane omhlaba iveza ukuthi ukhuvethe kaludlavuzanga nje impilo yabantu kepha lugebhule nasemnothweni nenhlalompilo yabantu kwaze kwezinye izindawo kwangena nodaba lokubuswa kwezwe. Indaba iqale lapho amazwe amaningi ikakhulukazi e-Afrika nasemazweni aseningizimu esezithola engena ezindlekweni njengesifo lesi esesidlavuze izinhlelo zezempilo. Embhalweni wakhe ngalokho okwenzeka emazweni akhele iLatin America kanye naseCaribbean, uMnu uJairo Acuna-Alfaro we-United Nations DP wathi: “Ubhubhane luletha ukuphindela emuva ekuthuthukeni komuntu kusukela ngowe-1990. ELatin America naseCaribbean, kuqagulwa ukuthi cishe abantu abazigidi ezingama-30 bazobampofu, kuthi abangaqashiwe benyukele ezigidini ezingama-44, ukwehla kwemikhiqizo nokomnotho kuzwela ngendlela yokuthi kuhlawumbiselwa ukuthi ukusimama ngaze kubonakale ngowezi-2023 kufinyelele lapho wawukhona ngowezi-2019. I-IMF iqagula ukuthi ukwehla kokukhiqiza esifundeni kuphindwe kathathu kunasezifundeni ezisafufusa. Ngamafuphi, inxushunxushu yezempilo kulesi sifunda ihambisana nokwehla kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo okungaqhathaniseki namazwe asathuthuka.”
Uqhubeke wathi: “Yize igciwane lingena kuyo yonke imiphakathi kungenandaba ukuthi ukuliphi izinga lempilo noma kuziphi ezepolitiki, imiphumela yalo idla lubi kulabo abasengcupheni. Amandla okusimama kufanele anikwe igama elisha njengoba ubunjalo babantu buphoselwa inselelo ngenxa yokungaqashwa, abasengcupheni baduduleleka ebubheni futhi iningi labantu liqale landelwe ukungabethembi ohulumeni nabanye, okuyingxube engabhamuka noma kunini eLatin America naseCaribbean.”
Iningi lohulumeni kudingeke babeke eceleni imali eningi yokwakha imitholampilo nokubhekana nesibalo esikhula nsukuzaphuma sabantu abagulayo. Akugcinanga lapho ngoba njengoHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika uphoqeleke ukuba uyoboleka izizumbulu zemali ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba. Okuvelile ngalesi sikhathi eNingizimu Afrika yinkohlakalo eyabikwayo. Esifundazweni iGauteng nje kuphela kwabikwa amachilo njengoba kwavela ukuthi:
- Izigidi ezi-R4.5 zakhokhelwa izinkampani ezingazange zilethe mpahla.
- Izigidi ezi-R5 zakhokhelwa izinkampani ukuba zisabalalise impahla yokuzivikela amaPPE yize uMnyango ubengenazinkontileka nazo.
- Izimpahla zenana lezigidi ezili-R12 zahanjiswa ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe izincwadi ezigunyaza ukuthenga.
- Izimpahla ezibiza izigidi ezingama-R82 za-odwa ezinkampanini ezazingabhalisiwe kusigcinamininingo sabahlinzeki bakwaTreasury.
- Izimpahla nezinsizakalo kwenani lezigidi ezingama-R239 kwa-odwa ezinkamapanini ezingalandelanga imigomo yentela futhi ama-akhawunti asebhange engazange aqinisekiswe.
Nakwezinye izifundazwe kwabikwa okufanayo.
Ukulahleka kwale mali evele ingekho enye ibolekiwe kufaka uHulumeni otakwini olukhulu. Omunye umunxa obukeka uzophazamiseka ngenxa yokhuvethe owokhetho. Emazweni alandela inqubo yedemokhrasi ukhetho yithuba lapho izakhamuzi ziklomelisa noma zijezise ababusi nabashayimthetho. Lesi sigaba (ukuvota) simqoka kakhulu ekuqiniseni ukuthi ubuholi obukhona buyaguqulwa uma kunesidingo. Kuleli sonto inhlangano ebhekele ukhetho kuleli iphikelele enkantolo iyohlehlisa ukhetho lokuchibiyela ngenxa yokhuvethe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphakathi obekumele ube nomholi ngeke ube naye. Kukhona ukwesaba kwabanye ukuthi uma isimo lesi siqhubeka kungasho ukuhlehla kokhetho loHulumeni Bendawo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi abantu bahlala nabaholi abangasabadingi nokungacijisa imikhonto kwezinye izindawo.
Okhulumela abe-IEC, uNks uKate Bapela, echaza ngesimo ababhekene naso uthe: “IKhomishini Yokhetho iqaphelile ukuthi yize amalungiselelo amaningi okhetho lokuchibiyela abesephothuliwe, nemigudu okufanelwe ilandelwe imi ngomumo ukuze kuqhutshwe ukhetho ngokuphepha njengoba kwahlolwa ngoLwezi nangoZibandlela, imitheshwana evimbela ukuhlangana kwabezepolitiki kuzolimaza kakhulu imikhankaso kulabo abangenele ukhetho namaqembu,” usho kanje.
Uqhubeke wathi: “IKhomishini Yokhetho izoqhubeka nokubheka okuqhubekayo ngeso lokhozi mayelana nemikhawulo nemitheshwana ibheka ukuthi ingaqhubeka yini noma iye eNkantolo iyocela ukuhlehliswa kokhetho lokuchibiyela lwangoNdasa zintathu kanjalo nokubekwa kolunye usuku lokhetho lokuchibiyela oluhlehlile ngokukhulu ukushesha,” kusho yena.
