Kukhona ukugejana phakathi kweSADC neMozambique ngeyaseCabo Delgado
Mhla zili-10 kwephezulu uHulumeni waseRwanda ukuqinisekisile ukuthi usuthumele amasotsha namaphoyisa abalelwa e-1000 eCabo Delgado, nazoba yingxenye yempi ngasohlangothini lukaHulumeni waseMozambique osatholene phezulu namavukelambuso kulesi sifundazwe. Iqinisekisa lokhu nje iRwanda iphinde yaveza ukuthi lesi sinqumo yasithatha emveni kwesicelo esaqhamuka eMozambique sokuthi ingenelele ukuze ikwazi ukubhekana nale mpi.
Ngokwejwayelekile, lesi sinyathelo seRwanda bekungeke kube ngesidonsa amehlo ngoba phela izwe nezwe linelungelo namandla okusebenzisana nanoma yiliphi izwe. Kepha, lokhu osekuvelile kudonsa amehlo ngenxa yezizathu eziningi nezidala imibuzo ethize mayelana nokwenzekayo eCabo Delgado, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu eSouthern African Development Community (SADC), nobudlelwane obabunohlonze phambilini phakathi kwamazwe ayingxenye yeSADC aholwa amaqembu ayelwela inkululeko okubalwa iNingizimu Afrika, iMozambique, iZimbabwe, ne-Angola.
Lesi sinqumo seRwanda sithathwe ngesikhathi lapho iSADC ingakaphothuli izingxoxo zayo nelaseMozambique ngamasotsha abalelwa ezi-3000 okwakuvunyelwene ngawo mhla zingama-23 kuNhlangulana ukuthi ayothunyelwa yilenhlangano. Kulindeleke ukuthi awase SADC abe esese Mozambique kuyo le nyanga, kuphinde kulindeleke nokuthi kube abadidiyeli bamasotsha abavela kuma lungu eSADC abazohola wonke amasotsha asejutshwe eMozambique, ngisho aqhamuka kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaleyo ndlela, bekungalindelekile ukuthi awase Rwanda afike kuqala kunawaseSADC nokungadala ukuthi mhlazane efika awesifundazwe lawa amanye ayobe esephethe ulwazi ngokwenzekayo eCabo Delgado, futhi esekwaze nokuzihlela ukuthi azoyicija kanjani uma eseyiphaka. Isigameko esifana nalesi sike sidale ukuthi kube khona ukuncitisana phakathi kwabadidiyeli bamasotsha nokungasizi kwisimo okusuke kubhekenwe naso.
Noma iSADC ingakaphumi nazwi, kodwa zikhona izinsolo zokuthi uHulumeni waseMozambique usadonsa izinyawo ngeyokuphothula isivumelwano esibizwa nge‘Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA)’ okuyiso esicasisa imigomo nemibandela yokujutshwa kwalamasotsha. Ngaphandle kokusayindwa kwe SOFA angeke ikwazi iSADC ukungenelela eMozambique ngisho ngabe isinqumo yabe isisithathile. Kokuningi okuxaka ama lungu eSADC wukuthi iMozambique ikwazile ukuthi iphothule izingxoxo neRwanda kuze kufinyelele ekutheni leli likwazi ukuthumela amasotsha.
Kukhona okushaya amanzi uma amazwe angomakhelwano ekhombisa ukwehluleka ukwenza okulindelekile ngokuphuthuma kepha ebe ekwazi ukukwenza lokho namanye amazwe. Izimpawu zokuthi kukhona ukugejana phakathi kwamazwe eSADC kanye neMozambique, zibonakale kwinkulumo eyenziwe uMengameli uNyusi, nge sonto eledlule lapho ebekhuluma namasotstha aseMozambique.
Kule nkulumo, okaNyusi ufunge wagomela ukuthi ‘ubuholi bamasotsha aseMozambique ngokwehlukana kwabo yibo obuzohola futhi bulawule wonke amasotsha aqhamuka ngaphandle, ngisho nawase SADC imbala’. Ngamafuphi, oka Nyusi ubethi, angeke bezwe nge SADC. OkaNyusi wenze lenkulumo kube kwaziwa ukuthi isinqumo seSADC sasithe lamasotsha esifundazwe azoholwa uJenene wase Ningizimu Afrika.
Ukungathatheli phezulu kweMozambique iziphakamiso zeSADC kwandisa izinsolo zokuthi ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqembu ayelwela inkululeko nangama lungu eSADC buyantenga. Phambilini, amazwe anjengeMozambique, iZimbabwe, neNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yomlando nobufela ndawonye ayekwazi ukuthi akhulume ngazwi linye bese – nezenzo zabo zikukhombise lokho – ezingqinambeni eziningi esifundazweni.
Okwakwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kwizivumelwano phakathi kwalamazwe kwabe kungukuthi ngaphandle kokufakana imilomo ezingeni loHulumeni, amaqembu abusayo kulamazwe abe enobudlelwano ngokwawo nalapho ayebamba imihlangano yawo ewodwa nokwakuqinisa ubudlelwane ngasohlangothini loHulumeni.
Kodwa uma kubhekisiswa, sengathi itshe selagaya ngomunye umhlathi ngoba ukube bekungenjalo ngabe lamalungu eSADC, ikakhulukazi iMozambique, iNingizimu Afrika, neZimbabwe, kudala bakwazi ukuvumelana ngokumele kwenzeke eCabo Delgado, bese kubonakala ngezenzo zabo. Umbuzo ke ongabuzwa ukuthi, uma lamaqembu ehlangana yini ayidingidayo, futhi yini avumelana ngayo? Esikubonayo sikude kukhombisa ukuthi uma esahlangana kuncane abavumelana ngakho ngoba izinto ngabe azihambi ngale ndlela esifundazweni iSADC.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutheleka kwamasotsha aseRwanda kukhombisa ukuthi ubudlelwano neMozambique budlondlobele kakhulu. Lokhu kudlondlobala kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho amanye amazwe angamalungu eSADC anjengeNingizimu Afrika kwaziwa ukuthi ayithelelani amanzi neRwanda.
Ngakho ke, isinqumo somholi weqembu elalwela inkululeko esikhombisa ukuthi usondeza ‘abakude’ kodwa ebe ‘evalela ngaphandle abasekhaya’ akusona esinambithekayo kwamanye amazwe nama lungu eSADC. Phezu kwalokho, isinqumo nokuvuma kweMozambique ukuthi ithole inxaso evela ku-European Union (EU) sokuqeqesha amasotsha ayo ukuze anyuse izinga kweyase Cabo Delgado naso siqinisa izinsolo zokuthi lelizwe aliyishayi ndiva iSADC.
Noma lesi kuyisinqumo esizodala noma siqhubeze ukuntenga kobudlelwane phakathi kwama lungu eSADC, okungeke kubalekelwe wukuthi iRwanda ingelinye lamazwe ase-Afrika okubonakala lingakwazi ukweseka iMozambique ukuthi ibhekane nesimo eCabo Delgado. Ngaphandle kwase Mozambique, kuZibandlela yankeye, iRwanda yajuba amasotsha eCentral African Republic (CAR) phezu kwenani elibalelwa kuma-750 elivele likhona kulelizwe neliyingxenye yabagciniboxolo ngaphansi kwe United Nations (UN).
La masotsha athunyelwa ngoZibandlela ngenhloso yokwelekelela awaseCAR ukubhekana nabavukelimbuso abacishe bathikameza izinhlelo nokubanjwa kokhetho olaluhlelelwe ngaleyo nyanga. Lezi ngezinye zezibonelo zokuthi elase Rwanda aliqali ukuthumela amasotsha esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi njengaso lesi esiseCabo Delgado.
Lesinyathelo seRwanda sesinconywe nayi-African Union (AU) lapho uMnu Moussa Faki Mahama nonguSihlalo wale Nhlangano esibongoze njengesikhombisa ubunye kumazwe ase-Afrika ngokuthi asebenzisane ukubhekana nontamo iqinile. Lokhu kuphoqa iSADC ukuthi ithole indlela yokusebenzisana neRwanda kweyaseCabo Delgado, bese ibeka eceleni enakho ngaleli lizwe, ngoba ekugcineni okumele kuhambe phambili ukuqeda lempi esabhebhetheka kulesi sifundazwe.
