Liphephe kangakanani elakuleli ekuqhunyisweni ngama bhomu?
Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu emazweni ase-Afrika kushiya imibuzo yokuthi iNingizimu Afrika yona ngabe iphephe kangakani, kubhala abahlaziyi bezepolitiki nomnotho beBAYEDE
UNYAKA ka-2014 ube ngunyaka obe nokuhlaselwa okukhulu ezweni laseNigeria. Cishe nyanga zonke umhlaba ubuzwa ngezehlakalo ezinyantisa igazi lapho abantu bebeqhunyiswa ngamabhomu kulale uyaca. Kepha isehlakalo esibe ngundabuzekwayo kube esokuthunjwa kwamantombazanyana esikole angaphezulu kwamakhulu amabili (200). Okushaqisayo wukuthi namanje umkhondo wala mantombazanyana awukaziwa. Babodwa abawakhomba ezweni lase-Cameroon elingumakhelwane ne-Nigeria kanti abanye bathi zisekhona emahlathini ako-Nigeria. Iningi labaholi kanye nabantu nje phaqa lasigxeka kakhulu isenzo se-Boko Haram nokuyiyo ezishaya isifuba ukuthi yathumba la mantombazanyana.
Olunye uhlangothi lugxeka loyo onguMengameli wase-Nigeria, uMhlonishwa uGoodluck Jonathan, ukuthi izenzo zakhe zitshengisa ukungabi nendaba nokwenzeka ezweni lakhe. Baze bamsole ngokuthi okubukeka kubalulekile kuye wukhetho lolu oseluseMome.
Akugcini lapho ngoba naseKenya yiso leso. Uhulumeni wakuleliya zwe oholwa nguMhlonishwa u-Uhuru Kenyatta nawo ulala ungalele, izakhamuzi zakhona sezihlale zethuka izanya njengoba nansi i-Ali Shabab nayo izishaya isifuba ithi yiyo eqotha ngehlamvu abantu bakuleliya zwe. Isehlakalo esinyantisile esokudutshulwa kwabafundi nodokotela besebhasini. Esontweni esiphuma kulo eLibya kusakazwe ngebhomu indlu yeNxusa, nalapho inhlangano ye-ISS emise kabi amazwe ase-Middle East izishaye izifuba ukuthi yiyo ehlele lokho.
Konke lokhu kushiya imibuzo engenazo izimpendulo eziqondile. Omunye wale mibuzo uthi ngabe iNingizimu Afrika yona iphephe kangakanani? Ukuthi ngabe kuyokwenzeka yini ukuthi ngelinye ilanga sizwe kuthiwa abantu bavaleleke enxanxatheleni yezitolo njengako-Pavallion, Gateway noma eWaterfornt eKapa ngenxa yabathize asebefimbezele ngezibhamu? Ukuthi ngabe naleli lakithi lingaficwa yini yisikhathi lapho izingane zamantombazane ziyothunjwa ngamadoda, qede kucwebe iziziba?
Ngonyaka owedlule iBAYEDE ixoxisane nabathile abasebenzela ezobunhloli nabakubeke ngembaba ukuthi empeleni iNingizimu Afrika kayiphephile njengoba ezinye zezakhamuzi zakhona zicabanga. Lezi zinhloli ziveze ukuthi empeleni sasinda ngomusa nje ngesikhathi seNdebe yoMhlaba ngoba impela kwasekukhona abase bemi ngomumo. Ukuqhumisa ngebhomu ngesikhathi seNdebe yoMhlaba kwakungaphazamisa amazwe amaningi. Kepha ngokusho kwalezi zinhloli kwagwemeka lokho ngenxa yobuhlakani bophiko lwezobunhloli kuleli.
Njengoba kuqala abophiko lobunhloli bathi namanje alikho ithuba lokuthi kuyekelelwe sengathi inkinga yabahlaseli ngeyamazwe athile kuphela. “Cha konakele. Kumele ukhumbule ukuthi enye yezinjongo zezihlangano ezifana noBoko Haram no-ISS uma zihlasela wukwehlisa umnotho ukuze izwe lelo abalwa nalo lingakwazi ukuzivikela. Njengoba bezama ngawo wonke amandla ukuguqisa umnotho waseNigeria naseKenya, akukho okuvimba ukuthi nalapha kithi sizwe kuthiwa sekunezinhlelo ezinjalo,” kusho enye yezinhloli ecele ukuba ingadalulwa ngenxa yomsebenzi obucayi ewenzayo.
Enye inhloli etshalwe ophikweni olubheke abokufika abangena kuleli ithe ukuqapha abantu abangenayo kuhlale kusezingeni eliphezulu. “Namalokishi ethu kawaphephile ngoba uma kunabantu nje abagangile bangasebenzisa ukungaboni ngaso linye kwabokufika kuleli kanye nezakhamuzi bese kuba wukubhebhetheka komlilo ongaba wubuhanguhangu.”
Izinhloli zithi enye yezinto engangenisela elakuleli amanzi endlini ubuholi baleli zwe ezindabeni ezithinta i-Afrika kanjalo nezamazwengamazwe. “Akumele sizikhohlise ukuthi wonke umuntu uyathanda ukubona uMengameli wethu kanye namasosha akithi engenelela emazweni athize e-Afrika. Lokhu kungandisa amathuba okuthi kube nokuhlaselwa kuleli . Njengoba kwenzekile eKenya lapho leliya zwe lajezizwa yi-Al Shabbab ngokungenelela odabeni lwase-Somalia nathi-ke kungasehlela lokho njengoba sithe shi ezindabeni zako-Central African Republic (CAR) nako-Democratic Republic of Congo”.
Lokhu okushiwo yilezi zinhloli kufakazela iswexwayiso esakhishwa ngamavukelambuso ase-CAR emuva kokubulawa kwamasosha akuleli kuleliya zwe. Ngaleso sikhathi amavukelambuso anxusa elakuleli ukuba lingazixaki ngezindaba zasezwebi lazo, ngale kwalokho lizolithola selithelwa ngamachaphazelo.
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili leli lathola inkululeko kwavuleka nemingcele, baningi abantu bokufika abangene kuleli bebalekela izimpi emazweni abo. Kuke kwaba nezigameko zokungqubuzana phakathi kwabokufika nezakhamuzi zakuleli, kubangwa amathuba omnotho. Ezinye zalezi zehlakalo zaholela ekufeni nokulinyazwa kwempahla. Ezinye zezakhamuzi zangaphandle zaze zayobhaca emakamu amaphoyisa.
Ephawula emuva kwesigameko saseKenya loyo okumcwaningi we-Institute for Security Studies, uNksz Anneli Botha wacashunwa (odabeni lokuthi ngabe leli lisengcupheni) ethi empeleni umbuzo omqoka ngothi ngabe iNingizimu Afrika isengcupheni noma isiyihlathi lokucasha kwalabo abagila imikhuba. Leli selike lasetshenziswa njengehlathi lapho labo abahlela imbubhiso bebengase bahlela khona. Waphinde waveza umbono wokuthi ezinye zezinto ezingadonsela elakuleli amanzi endlini wukuthi izihlangano ezifana no-Al Shabaab kazihlelekile kahle, kungasuka nje umuntu oyedwa enze okwehlukile kube sekubhujiwe njalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi loyo ongungoti kwezokuphepha, uMnuz Helmoed Romer Heitman yena wacashunwa ethi: “Yize kungekho okwethusayo kepha lokho akusho ukuthi elakuleli liphephile, ikakhulukazi nxa ubheka ukungavikeleki kwemingcele engenelela kuleli zwe.”
Iningi longoti liyakhala ngobugebengu obenziwa ngomazisi kanjalo nezincwadi zokuvakasha zakuleli nabathi zitholakala kalula. Isibonelo salokho yizinsolo zokuthi omunye wongqondongqondo abahlasela inxanxathela yezitolo eKenya wahlala izinyanga kuleli nokukhomba ukuthi kukhona abangena bephuma bengabonwa muntu.