Iziboshwa zinelungelo lokuxhumana nokuhlinzekwa ngabameli
Abantu abatokile noma ababoshiwe banamalungelo athile ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo wezwe. Elinye lalawa malungelo ngelithi umuntu oboshiwe noma otokile angakwazi ukuxhumana nommeli amfisayo futhi kumele aziswe ngaleli lungelo ngokushesha ngokulandela iSigaba 35(2)(b) soMthethosisekelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma oboshiwe engakwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, kuchaza ukuthi ukungabi naye umuntu ozokumela kungaholela ekutheni kungabi khona nobulungiswa uma sekuqulwa icala. Yingakho umbuso kumele uhlinzeke ummeli kumuntu oboshiwe noma otokile futhi kube umbuso ozokhokha izindleko zakho konke lokho. Ukumelwa emacaleni kuyinto ebalulekile eNingizimu Afrika, futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu ababoshiwe nabatokile kungenzeka ukuthi abaqeqeshiwe kwezomthetho okungasho ukuthi uma bebuzwa umbuzo noma benxuswa ngamaphoyisa ukuba babambisane nabo bangaphenduli ngendlela. Ukuba khona kommeli kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi leli lungelo liyalandelwa futhi liyavikelwa.
Uma umuntu eboshwa kuba yinto ejwayelekile ukuthi anikwe ithuba lokuxhumana nommeli wakhe. Lowo muntu anganikezwa ucingo esiteshini samaphoyisa ukuba axhumane nesihlobo esithile sona esingaxhumana nommeli, noma yena angakwazi ukuxhumana nommeli ngqo. Inhloso yalo mbhalo ukucacisa ukuthi ilungelo lokumelwa lidinga ukubhekisiswa ikakhulukazi kubhekwe nokuthi ukumeleleka kuyatholakala ngokushesha. Enye inhloso yalo mbhalo ukucacisa ukuthi oboshiwe angakwazi nokuzitholela ummeli ngokuthi angene ngqo enkundleni yokubheka nakuGoogle njengokubalula koMthethosisekelo.
Uma siqhathanisa iCanadian Charter and Freedoms, lona wumthethosivivinywa okuMthethosisekelo wezwe futhi uqinisekisa amalungelo ezepolitiki nawesintu kuwona wonke umuntu waseCanada. ISigaba 10(b) seCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedom sibalula ukuthi wonke umuntu waseCanada unelungelo lokuthola ukwelulekwa kwezomthetho nokwaziswa ngawo wonke amalungelo akhe.
Uma siza eNingizimu Afrika, uMthethosisekelo wakuleli iSigaba 35(2)(b) uthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokukhetha, lokuxhumana nommeli futhi aziswe ngaleli lungelo ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho iSigaba 73(1) somthetho iCriminal Procedure Act 51 wezi-1977 sithi, “Umuntu oboshiwe okungaba ukuthi unewaranti noma akanayo, unelungelo lokuthola usizo lommeli noma umeluleki wezomthetho kusuka ngesikhathi eboshwa. Indlela okubekwa ngayo ilungelo loboshiwe noma otokile ezindaweni ezimbili zithi azifane nangendlela ezichazwa ngayo.
Ecaleni langowezi-2013 eNkantolo Yesiunda i-Alberta eCanada elaliphakathi kukaR noMcKay ngaleso sikhathi owesilisa oneminyaka yobudala eli-19 waboshwa ngecala lokushayela ephuzile. Ngesikhathi amaphoyisa efika naye esiteshini izinto zakhe okuhlanganisa nomakhalekhukhwini kwase kuvalelwe esiteshini.
Owayeboshiwe wanikwa ithuba lokubheka izinombolo ebhukwini elinezinombolo okuyibhuku elifanayo neYellow Pages lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Wayenxuswa ukuba asebenzise ilungelo lakhe lokuxhumana nommeli. Wayezitshela ukuthi unikezwe ithuba elilodwa lokuba athinte ummeli. Emuva kokushaya ucingo kanye ummangalelwa wayengakalutholi usizo lommeli. Ecaleni lakhe waveza ukuthi wasebenzisa uGoogle ukubheka inombolo yommeli, futhi akazange akubone kuzomsiza ukubheka izinombolo zamahhala.
Inkantolo yabe isibheka udaba lokuthi ukukwazi ukuthola inombolo yamahhala nokuthola uYellow Pages (waseCanada) kungalinganiswa njengemizamo yokusiza oboshiwe akwazi ukuxhumana nommeli Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi ngokunganiki oboshiwe ilungelo lokuthola i-inthanethi kuwukwephula ilungelo elikuMthethosisekelo. Leli cala linokuningi okuhlabahlosile futhi kuningi okungenza lilandelwe ngoba impilo yabantu emhlabeni isincike kakhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhuanana.
Isinqumo esakhishwa ecaleni likaR v MacCay eCanada, sashiya imibuzo ngokwaseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi ngokwesimo sakhona nokulandela uMthethosisekelo ngabe umuntu oboshiwe noma otokile uyawathola yini amalungelo okufuna ummeli kuGoogle ngokulandela iSigaba 35(2)(b). Ukuphendula lo mbuzo ukuchaza uMthethosisekelo kusemqoka. Ecaleni eladuma likaS v Makwanyane and Another 1995, uMthethosisekelo akumele ubhekwe wodwa eceleni, kodwa kumele kubhekwe nomlando wokusungulwa kwawo.
