Isifo sezinso kumele siqashelwe ngoba singaphatha noma ngubani
Mhla ziyisi-7 kuya zili-11 kuMandulo bekuyisonto lokuqwashisa ngezinso, iNational Kidney Awareness Week, ngakho-ke ukuhambisana nalokhu nginqume ukubhala ngezinso, ukusebenza kwazo nokwehluleka kwazo.
INingizimu Afrika inesibalo esikhulu sabanesigaba sokugcina sokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso emhlabeni kanjalo nesibalo esincane sabanikela ngamalunga omzimba nokufakelwa kwazo kwabanye abantu. Kubikwa ukuthi lokhu ukungafundiseki ngempilo yezinso nesifo sazo kunomthelela omkhulu kulesi simo.
IWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ibike ukuthi ngowezi-2015 abantu abayisigidi esi-1.2 babulawe ukwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso okuyisibalo esinyuke ngamaphesenti angama-32 kusukela ngowezi-2005. Njalo ngonyaka kucatshangelwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa esigidini esi-1.7 babulawa ukulimala kwezinso. Sekukonke, kulinganiselwa kubantu abahlanu kuya kwabali-10 abashonayo njalo ngonyaka ngenxa yezinso.
Inso isicubu somzimba esimise okukabhontshisi esitholakala ohlangothini lomgogodla ngaphansi kwezimbambo emuva kwesisu. Zineqhaza elibalulekile emzimbeni njengoba zinomsebenzi wokuhluza ukungcola emzimbeni nokukhuculula uketshezi olungadingeki emzimbeni ngokwenza umchamo.
Izinso ziphinde zisize ukulawula ezinye izinhlobo zezakhamzimba nama-ayoni okunjengesodiyamu, iphothaziyamu nekhalisiyamu ziphinde zenze amahomoni alawula umfutho wegazi namaseli abomvu. Isifo sezinso kujwayele ukuthi sibizwe ngesifo esibuthule njengoba kukhona abantu abangezwa lutho uma benaso noma izimpawu uma zisaqala zingabonakali okanye zingalandelelwa kuze kube zibanjwa esigabeni esiphezulu sesifo.
Ingxenye engamaphesenti angama-90 yezinso ingama ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale izimpawu. Zimbili izinhlobo zokuhluleka kokusebenza kwezinso okuyi-Acute neChronic Kidney Failure.
Ukwehluleka Kwezinso Isigubhukane (Acute Kidney Failure)
Lesi yisimo lapho izinso zivele zehluleke ukwenza umsebenzi wazo njengokungakwazi ukukhipha ukungcola egazini okuthi uma lokhu kwenzeka, lokhu kungcola kunqwabelana egazini kube sezingeni elithathwa njengelinobungozi okungaholela ekungalinganini kwamakhemikhali egazini.
Lokhu kukhula ngokushesha uma izinso sezilimele ngokujwayelekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ijwayeleke kubantu abasezibhedlela ikakhulukazi labo abagula kakhulu.
Abantu abasemathubeni okuhlaselwa yilolu hlobo lwesifo sezinso yilaba:
- Abaneminyaka yobudala engama-65 nangaphezulu
- Abanoshukela
- Abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Abenezifo ezingalapheki njengesenhliziyo noma isibindi.
Ukulimala okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kokusebenza kwezinso kungabangwa yilokhu:
- Ukungabi negazi elanele eligeleza ezinsweni okungenzeka uma umuntu ehanjiswa yisisu kakhulu, umfutho wegazi ophansi, isikhawu sokopha ngokweqile, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokweqile nokunye.
- Ukulimala ngqo ezinsweni okungabangwa yihlule ezinsweni noma eceleni kwazo, ukungcola okuthile okungadalwa ukuhlolwa ngeCT Scan, iMRS nokunye.
- Ukuvaleka komgudu okudlula kuwo umchamo, amashubhu athatha umchamo ezinsweni awuse esinyeni okudalwa ihlule okwakhiwa umdlavuza, amatshe ezinso nokunye.
Izimpawu zoKwehluleka Kwezinso Isigubhukane
Abantu abanalokhu kujwayeleke ukuthi babe nalezi zimpawu:
- Ukuzizwa bekhathele
- Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo
- Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, amaqakala noma izinyawo
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukudideka
- Ukudlikiza uma sekusesimweni esibi kakhulu
Indlela yokukuhlonza
Ukusithola kuhlolwa igazi okukhombisa izinga lokungcola egazini noma i-Ultrasound. Kungaba nesidingo sokuba kuphenywe kanzulu ukuhlonza imbangela yokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso.
Noma yelapheka ingabulala kanti ezikhathini eziningi kudingeka ukwelasha okunzulu. Ngokwejwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi abantu abanesimo sempilo esihle balulame izinso zabo zisebenze ngokwesimo esejwayelekile noma kusondele kulokho.
Indlela yokukwelapha
Ukuyelapha kuncike embangeleni yokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso. Kungadingeka ukube kushintshwe uketshezi, ukumpotshelwa igazi, imithi yokulungisa noma ukuvala isikhala samakhemikhali noma amaminerali egazini nokuhlanzwa kwegazi uma kubonakala ukwehluleka kwezinso.
Isifo soKwehluleka Kwezinso Okungamahlalakhona (Chronic Kidney Failure)
Lesi sifo sinezigaba ezinhlanu kusuka kwesokuqala esikhombisa izimpawu zokungabi kubi kuya kwesesihlanu esikhombisa ukuhluleka kwezinso ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.
Ubani ohlaselwa yilesi sifo?
Noma ngubani angaba naso lesi sifo kodwa sijwayele kakhulu laba abalandelayo:
- Abaneminyaka yobudala engama-60 kuya phezulu
- Onelungu lomndeni elinesifo sezinso
- Onoshukela
- Onomfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Onesifo senhliziyo
Izimpawu nezinkinga zaso
Ukwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso kuphazamisa izinto eziningi emzimbeni okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi. Ngokujwayelekile kuye kubonakale nge-anaemia, iphothaziyamu ephezulu, isifo senhliziyo noketshezi oluningi.
Ngokujwayelekile abantu izinso zabo eseziqala ukwehluleka baba nokunye kwalezi zimpawu:
- Ukulunywa
- Amajaqamba
- Ukuphelelwa uthando lokudla noma ukungalambi nhlobo
- Ukuncanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuphalaza
- Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
Indlela zokusihlonza
Njengokufanayo njengesifo soKwehluleka Kwezinso Isigubhukane (Acute Kidney Failure), nakuyo kuhlolwa igazi nomchamo ukubheka amaphrotheni emchameni kwenziwe ne-Ultrasound.
Indlela yokuselapha
Inezinselelo njengoba umonakalo ezinsweni usuke ungeke usalungiseka. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukugwema ukuthi umonakalo nokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso kungaqhubeki ngokuthi:
- Ulawule ushukela nomfutho wegazi uma unakho.
- Hlala unomfutho wegazi ophilile.
- Yidla ukudla okuzwana nezinso okubalulekile udle okunosawoti namafutha okuncane.
- Qaphela imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo njengoba kwaziwa ukuthi eminye ibanga noma ibhebhezela ukwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso njengeBuprofen ne-Asprin (NSAIDS).
- Zivocavoce okungenani imizuzu engama-30 zonke izinsuku.
- Nciphisa ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
Thola isazi ngokudla sikweluleke ngohlelo lokudla okufanele ululandele:
* Ungadla ukudla okunephothaziyamu ephansi: ama-aphula, amagilebhisi, uphayinaphu, ikholiflawa, ulethisi, u-anyanisi, uphepha nokunye.
* Gwema ukudla okunephothaziyamu ephezulu: ubhanana, ukwatapheya, amaprune, amareysini, isipinashi, amazambane, utamatisi, ubhontshisi osemathinini nokunye.
Lokhu kungakusiza ukugwema noma ukulibazisa ukuqhubeka kokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezinso. Isigaba esibi sezinso singalawulwa kuphela ngokuthi kuhlanzwe igazi (dialysis).
Ukwelashwa kokugcina ukuba kufakwe inso entsha.
Umanqoba
Ukuphila impilo ehlanzekile kuwumanqoba ekugwemeni izifo ezingalapheki okubalwa nazo izinso. Thola ukunakekelwa noma iseluleko uma unezinye zezimpawu esizibale ngenhla. Kubalulekile ukuthi isifo sezinso siseshe sihlonzwe futhi silawulwe uma ikhona indlela yokuselapha ukugwema ukuthi singabe siselapheka. Uma umonakalo ungeke usalungisela, ukufakelwa inso entsha kuphela okungasiza. Ushukela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu izimbangela ezijwayelekile zesifo sezinso esingelapheki ngakho-ke uma unalezi zifo, yidla imishanguzo yakho ngendlela ukulawula ushukela nomfutho wegazi ngokwenzenjalo uzivikela ekuhlaselweni isifo sezinso.