Ukubhebhetheka kokhuvethe kuqala ukubambeka

INingizimu Afrika isiqala ukukhombisa ukwehla kwezibalo zansuku zonke zabatheleleka ngokhuvethe. Kuqala isonto ngoMsombuluko bebeyizi-25 051 178 abantu abese bethelelekile emhlabeni wonke nabayizi-843 586 emazweni angama-216. 

INingizimu Afrika ehleli endaweni yesihlanu ngesibalo esiphezulu sabathelelekile emhlabeni, isiqinisekise asebenokhuvethe abangaphezu kwezi-630 595 nabangaphezu kwezi-14 389 asebeshonile, kulinganiselwa kwabayizi-2 000 kuya ezi-3 000 ngosuku. Isifundazwe iGauteng siyaqhubeka nokuba ngesikhahlamezeke kakhulu njengoba bengaphezu kwezi-211 157 osekuqinisekiswe ukuthi bathelelekile nabangaphezu kwezi-3680 asebeshonile. 

IKwaZulu-Natal isiyidlulile iWestern Cape ne-Eastern Cape ngesibalo sabathelelekile esingaphezu kwe-112 726. IWestern Cape isahamba phambili ngesibalo sabashonile abangaphezu kwezi-3 929 kuthi iKwaZulu-Natal ibe sendaweni yesine ezweni ngabantu abashonile abangaphezu kwe-2 164.

Izibalo zabashonile ezevile kwebezibhekiwe 

Kunokukhathazeka ukuthi izibalo zabashonile ezibikwayo azisivezi isithombe esiyiso sabantu ababulawe yilolu bhubhane. Izibalo eziqoshiwe zalesi sikhathi sonyaka ziveza izibalo eziphezulu zabashonile uma kuqhathaniswa nesifanayo ngonyaka odlule. ISouth African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) ibika izi-39 087 okuyizibalo zabashonile ezevile kulezo ebezilindelekile ngesikhathi esithile okuyiphakathi kukaNhlaba ziyisi-6 kuya zili-18 kuNcwaba wezi-2020. IGauteng ibenezibalo ezevile kwebezilindelekile kulesi sikhathi eziyi-10 860. 

ISAMRC iye ithole ulwazi ngabashonile kuNational Population Register njalo ngesonto.  Isilinganiso sezinombolo siqhathaniswa nalezo ezilindelekile kubukwa umlando kusukela kowezi-2018 nowezi-2019. Lesi sibalo sabashonile siyakhathaza ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi abaningi kuso bafe ngokhuvethe.

Ukuqaphela kokuthi isibalo esikhulu kulesi singayamaniswa nokhuvethe kwesekelwa ukuthi isilinganiso sezibalo zabashonile ezevile sesiyaqala ukwehla kanjalo nababulawa ukhuvethe.

Asiqhubeke nokuzivikela

Ukuthi ukutheleleka ngokhuvethe kuyehla akusho ukuthi abantu abayeke ukuzinakekela. Kusafanele sihlale siqaphile ngokuvikela labo abangavikelekile ezifweni ezibucayi. ENingizimu Afrika abantu abangamaphesenti ali-12 kuya kwali-15 abebenokhuvethe bangeniswe ezibhedlela, laba yilabo abebesesimweni esimaphakathi nesibucayi.  Izifo ezingamahlalakhona ebeziyamaniswa nobungozi, ukungeniswa esibhedlela nokufa uqobo yilezi: umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ushukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, izinso nenkinga yokuphefumula.

Ngabe ngenza iphutha uma ngingakugcizeleli ukubaluleka kokulandela izindlela zokuzivikela okufanele sonke sizigcine. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi abanye benu sebeze bakhathele ukuzwa ngazo kodwa kubalulekile ukuba singalidedeli ibhola manje. 

Asikabi nalo ikhambi noma umgomo wokhuvethe futhi ngeke sazibeka engcupheni yesiwombe sesibili salolu bhubhane. Umkhuhlane iSpanish Flu ngowe-1918 wahlasela abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-500 wabulala abangaphezulu kwezingama-500. Abantu abaningi bashona ngesiwombe sesibili salo mkhuhlane.

Kusukela ziyisi-7 kuya zili-10 kuMandulo okuyisonto loMnyango Wezempilo lokuqwashisa ngezinso, ngizokhuluma kafushane ngokhuvethe nezinso. Ukhuvethe alulimazi kuphela amaphaphu kodwa lungenza umonakalo kwamanye amalunga omzimba okungaholela ekutheni alimale.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wezinso emzimbeni ukukhipha ukungcola namanzi angenasidingo.  Lokhu kuvame ukuthi kube semchameni ngezikalo ezingefani.

Ukulimala kwezinso kuyinkinga ejwayelekile kubantu abanokhuvethe olusesimweni esibucayi. Imibiko yokuqala eyavela eWuhan yathola ukuthi zilinganiselwa emaphesentini amathathu kuya kwayisi-9 abantu okwaqinisekiswa ukuthi banokhuvethe abangeniswa ezibhedlela ababene-Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). 

Imibiko yamanje iveza ukuthi i-AKI ikhona ezigulini ezisezibhedlela ezingamaphesenti ali-15 kuzona abangama-20% kuya phezulu yiziguli ezisemagunjini abagula kakhulu asebedinga ukuba kuhlanzwe igazi (dialysis).

I-AKI ihlasela ngisho labo abangenawo umlando wesifo sezinso.  Ububi bokonakala kwezinso buyehluka kodwa bungaba bubi kakhulu kwabanye abantu kuze kudingeke ukuba bahlale behlanzwa igazi. Abantu ababe ne-AKI ngenxa yokhuvethe bangalulama ikakhulu labo okungazange kudingeke ukuba bahlanzwe igazi. Izimpawu okusheshe kubonakale ngazo amaphrotheni negazi okutholakala emchameni womuntu osehlaselekile okungenziwa ngokuthi umchamo uhlolwe. Bungaba bukhulu kakhulu ubungozi kumuntu onomfutho ophezulu wegazi noshukela okwaziwayo ukuthi kona uqobo kuyawenyusa amathuba esifo sezinso.

Umfutho ophezulu wegazi ungalimaza imithambo yegazi yezinso okungaziphazamisa emsebenzini wazo wokuhluza igazi. Okuyiyona ndlela eholela ekulimaleni kwezinso ayikaqondakali kahle kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kudalwa yilokhu:

• Amahlule amancane egazi adalwa ukhuvethe angavimba imithambo yegazi emincane ezinsweni okungaholela ekulimaleni
• Amazinga aphansi omoyampilo (i-oksijini), lokhu kujwayeleke kubantu abanezifo ezibucayi kanti kungaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso
• Ukuphendula okunamawala okwenziwa amasosha omzimba (cytokine storm) kwabanye abantu okungaholela ekulimaleni kwamanye amalungu omzimba okubalwa nazo izinso. Amacytokine ngamaphrotheni amancane aseketangeni lamasosha omzimba ngesikhathi elwa nezifo. Ukudedelwa kwamacytokine ngesankahlu kungadala ukuvuvukala okungalimaza izicubu eziphilayo.
• Ukungena ngqo kokungcola noma kwesifo ezinsweni

Izincomo

• Uma uke watshelwa ukuthi une-AKI kumele uhlale uzihlola njengoba ingcuphe yokungenwa yisifo sezinso esingalapheki inkulu kunakwabanye abantu.
• Uma usutshelwe ukuthi umchamo wakho unamaphrotheni negazi, udinga ukuhlala ubhekwa ngeso lokhozi ngoba usengcupheni yokuthola isifo sezinso esingalapheki nokufa kwezinso.
• Uma unomfutho wegazi ophezulu futhi udla imishanguzo ukuwulawula kubalulekile ukuthi uxoxisane nodokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngaphambi kokuma ukuyidla. Kunemishanguzo esetshenziswa ukwelapha umfutho ophezulu wegazi njenge-ACE Inhibitors abantu abakhathazekile ukuthi ingenyusa amathuba okutheleleka ngokhuvethe. Lokhu akusilo iqiniso ngakho-ke ungayeki ukuthatha imishanguzo ngaphandle kokuxoxisana nobhekelele impilo yakho.
• Uma unenkinga yezinso, gwema ukusebenzisa imishanguzo eyiqoqo leNon-Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (NSAID) njengeBrufen neNaproxen ngoba inganyusa umfutho wegazi noketshezi emzimbeni okungadala ingcindezi ezinsweni.