I-USA ithungela umlilo otshanini obomile emnothweni
Kungakapholi maseko usomabhizinisi ohloniphekile waseNingizimu Afrika encome uMongameli wase-USA, uMnu Donald Trump, kanye nezwe lakhe, wathi elase-USA liyathandwa yizwekazi i-Afrika, i-USA seyenze izinguquko emithethweni yayo yohwebo, okubonakala kuzoyimisa kabi iNingizimu Afrika. I-USA ingelinye lamazwe asemqoka ngokuhwebelana neNingizimu Afrika. Libalwa nayisihlanu ayizikhondlakhondla osomabhizinisi baleli lizwe abaziyo ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo iyemukeleka khona futhi kunezivumelwano ezihlomulisa leli lizwe ngenxa yobuhlobo la mazwe anabo. Ngonyaka wezi-2018 imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yaletha umnotho kuleli lizwe ithunyelwa kulawa mazwe ayisihlanu: eChina ingama-9% wayo yonke imikhiqizo yaseNingizimu Afrika; eGermany ingama-7,9%; e-United States ingama-5,8%; e-United Kingdom ingama-5,3% kuthi e-India ibe ngama-5%.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eya kulawa mazwe evela eNingizimu Afrika kukhona iplathinamu, amalahle, izimoto, igolide kanye nensimbi. Imikhiqizo engena kuleli lizwe ivela kula mazwe uwoyela ongahluziwe, izinhlobo ezithile zowoyela ohluziwe, izimoto, izingcingo okuhlanganisa nomakhalekhukhwini. Imikhiqizo evela eNingizimu Afrika iya emazweni ase-Afrika ibalelwa kuma-26%. Phakathi kwale mikhiqizo kukhona imishini enhlobonhlobo, izimoto kanye nensimbi. Imikhiqizo ebalelwa kumaphesenti angama-23 ivela eNingizimu Afrika iya emazweni ase-Europe. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eya e-Europe kubalwa izimoto, amatshe ayigugu nokusansimbi okunhlobonhlobo, amantongomane kanye nemishini ethize. Ukuze izinto zihambe kahle phakathi kwamazwe ahwebelanayo kumele kube nesivumelwano, esenza kube lula ukuxoxisana phakathi kukasomabhizinisi nomunye benze esabo isivumelwano esihambisana nesamazwe abo. Izivumelwano zenza kungabi khona oziklamela ngokwakhe ngaphandle kokulandela imigomo ebekiwe esivumelwaneni esisayiniwe. Ngonyaka we-1999 i-USA yasayina isivumelwano namazwe ase-Afrika mayelana nokuhwebelana esibizwa nge-US Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Abakhiqizi baseNingizimu Afrika bebekhuthazwa ukulisebenzisa ithuba elivulwa yi-AGOA, kodwa bekucaca ukuthi bancane abalisebenzisayo leli thuba. INingizimu Afrika beyisizakala futhi ngokuba yilungu ebudlelwaneni namazwe aseNingizimu ne-Afrika ahlanganisa iBotswana, iLesotho, iSwaziland kanye neNamibia obubizwa ngeSouthern African Customs Union (SACU). Kwethuse kakhulu ukuphuma kwezindaba ezithi i-USA yenza izinguquko ezivumelwaneni zohwebo okuzokwenza kube lula ukukhahlameza amazwe abalelwa kwayishumi nambili athathwa njengamazwe asathuthuka, okubalwa phakathi kwawo iChina, i-India kanye neNingizimu Afrika.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ikhishiwe ohlwini lwamazwe angase ehliselwe izindleko zokuhweba ne-USA. Kuchaza ukuthi abahwebi baseNingizimu Afrika sekuzomele bakhokhe intela ephezulu okuhlanganisa nezindleko eziphezulu zokungenisa imikhiqizo. Lokhu kuzothwalisa kanzima izinkampani ezikhiqizayo ngoba zizolahlekelwa yizigidi zamarandi obekungenzeki kuqala. Siyethusa kakhulu lesi sinqumo ngoba iNingizimu Afrika kulesi sikhathi ingaphansi kwengcindezi yomnotho. UNorman Lamprecht oyiMeneja yeNhlangano yabakhiqizi bezimoto, iNaamsa usichaze njengeshwa lesi sinqumo ngoba sibeka imboni yezimoto ebunzimeni. Njengoba kuvela ezibalweni ngenhla i-USA ingelinye lamazwe amise umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngezimoto.
Ngonyaka wezi-2019 izimoto ezibalelwa ezi-12 437 kanye neminye imikhiqizo ephathelene nezimoto yathunyelwa e-USA kwatholakala imali ebalelwa ezigidigidini ezi-R4,8. Leli themba labakhiqizi libukeka lishabalala ngalesi simemezelo sase-USA. Kusabatshazwa lokhu kunomthethosivivinywa obizwa ngeCopyright Amendment and Performers’ Protection Bills ohlongozwa yi- USA. Uyindida kakhulu lo mthetho ngoba uzoxova ubudlelwano bohwebo phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, ngoba uphikisana nohlelo lweGeneralised System of Preferences (GSP) olungaphansi kwe-US Trade Act. IGSP iwuhlelo olukhulu futhi oludala cishe kunazo zonke eziphathelene nohwebo olwasungulwa yizwe i-USA ukuzikhethela labo ezobazwela ibehlisele uma kuhwebelwana. Yasungulelwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho ngokuvumela imikhiqizo yamazwe athile ingene e-USA ngaphandle kokukhokha intela. Lapha kubalwa imikhiqizo eyizi-3 500 evela emazweni ali-119 akhethwe yi-USA. ICopyright Coalition of South Africa (CCSA) iveze ukuthi uma kuhoxiswa uhlelo lweGSP eNingizimu Afrika, leli lizwe liyolahlekelwa wumnotho ofi nyelela kuzigidigidi ezingama-34 zamarandi ngemikhiqizo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinsolo zithi phakathi kokunye, iNingizimu Afrika yazonela ngokwamukela uhlu lwezikhalo olwaluphuma ku-International Intellectual Property Alliance. I-USA ikubuka lokhu kuphambana nemigomo ebekwe ohlelweni lweGSP.
Ukuze lingakhishwa ngezinto ezitholakala ohlelweni lweGSP izwe kumele lithobele futhi lihambisane nemigomo esemqoka e-USA, okubalwa kuwo ukuqinisekisa ukuvumela ukungena ezimakethe ngokulinganayo kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi ahlonishwa yizwe lonke. Uma izwe elingaphansi kwalolu hlelo lephula eminye yemigomo ebekwe yi- USA, liyemukwa amanye amalungelo eliwathola ngalolu hlelo lweGSP. Uma sibuka isimo somnotho waseNingizimu Afrika, ukudilizwa kwabasebenzi nokuvalwa kwamabhizinisi kushayisa ngovalo. Kulesi sikhathi iNingizimu Afrika ilindele ngovalo ukuza kweMoodys ngoNdasa, okunovalo lokuthi izoliphonsa kwalasha leli lizwe ngokwethenjwa emnothweni. INingizimu Afrika iyabudinga ubuholi obuneso elibukhali elizobheka izinto ezizolimaza iNingizimu Afrika, zingaqhamuki sethuke sonke kanye nezingqapheli zezwe lethu.