INkantolo YoMthethosisekelo namandla okuthatha izinqumo
Ecaleni elingunombolo ZACC 22 nonyaka elalalelwa zili-12 kuNdasa wezi-2019 isinqumo sakhishwa ngoNhlangulana wezi-2019 phakathi kukaNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo, Isikhungo iCentre for Child Law, ummangali u-S nommangalelwa u-S. AmaJaji ayehlalele leli cala kwakungu Mogoeng CJ, uCameron J, uFroneman J, uJafta J, uKhampepe J, uLedwaba AJ, uMadlanga J, uMhlantla J, uNicholls AJ noTheron J. Isinqumo sakhishwa iJaji uNicholls AJ. Kuyinto engebalekelwe ukuthi kuyenzeka umshado uphele ngesehlukaniso. Ngokwezibalo zeStatistics South Africa, kunezehlukaniso ezingama-25 362 ezagunyazwa yizinkantolo ngonyaka wezi-2016. Kulezi zehlukaniso ezingamaphesenti angama-55 athinta nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eli-18. Kuleli cala ummangali bekunguMnu u-S., ummangalelwa kunguNkk u-S. Ummangalelwa wesibili bekunguNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo. Isikhungo iCentre for Child Law samukelwa njengomluleki wenkantolo ongathathe zinhlangothi.
UMnu S. noNkk u-S babeshadile mhla zili-14 kuLwezi wezi-2008 benezingane ezintathu eneminyaka eli-15, eli-11 nemihlanu. Laba basezinhlelweni zokwehlukanisa. Ngesikhathi sezihubela sakusha ngesehlukaniso ngoMandulo wezi-2016, uNkk u-S waphuma emzini ababehlala kuwo. Izingane zasala zigadwe uyise emzini wabo. Kulolu daba kwaba nguMnu u-S. owafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso eNkantolo eNkulu iGauteng Division ePitoli ukuze anikwe ilungelo lokusala nengane encane ngesikhathi kusacutshulwa isicelo sesehlukaniso ngokulandela isinqumo-43 esisebenza lapho omunye wabasuke behlukanisa efaka udaba enkantolo sekuthinteka isondlo sezingane, ukuhlala nezingane isikhashana, ukuxhumana okwesikhashana nezingane. Ngesikhathi sekulalelwe udaba enkantolo iJaji lanika ilungelo uNkk u-S ukuba athole isondlo sengane okwathi sekunqunywa isamba uMnu u-S wathi sasingaphezulu kwamandla. Lowo myalelo wakhishwa naphezu kwaleso sikhalo.
UMnu u-S waphonsela inselelo isinqumo esakhishwa sesondlo sezingane seNkantolo eNkulu, kodwa akakwazi ukuqhubeka nalokho njengoba evinjwa isigaba 16(3) soMthetho iSuperior Courts Act. Lo Mthetho uvimbela noma yikuphi ukuphonsela inselelo umyalelo okhishwe ngaphansi kuka Rule 43. Ngokusho kukaMnu u-S lokhu kuvinjwa kwakhe kwephula ilungelo elikumthethosisekelo okuyilungelo lezingane ngokwesigaba 28, okuyilungelo lokulingana. NgoMandulo wezi-2016 uMnu u-S wafaka isicelo sokwehlukanisa. Kwathi zili-15 kuNdasa wezi-2017 wafaka enkantolo isicelo esiqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala nezingane ngesikhathi ummeli womndeni nodokotela ozimele wengqondo besabheka ukuthi izingane zazingasizwa kanjani. Ngaphandle kokuvuma ukukhokhela zonke izindleko ezimayelana nezingane ezincane, wazibophezela ngokukhokha zinyanga zonke kuNkk u-S imali yesondlo eyizi-R12 000. UNkk u-S wafaka incwadi efungelwe ephikisana nemali ayethi uzoyikhokha yesondlo, nalokho okwakushiwo uMnu uS ngokunakekela izingane nokuhlala nazo
Incwadi yakhe efungelwe yakha isithombe ngempilo ephezulu ephilwa yilezi zithandani. Owesifazane wayeqashwe njengemeneja kwezezimali enkampanini yomyeni wakhe ngenyanga ehola imali eyizi-R64 000. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinto eziningi emzini wabo zazikhokhelwa ngemali yebhizinisi, kanti owesifazane kwakuhlala ngokuthi asebenzise imali eyizi-R10 000 kuya ezi-R12 000 kwicredit card esitolo sakwaWoolworths. Kwakungagcini lapho ngoba wayebuye anikwe ne credit card yenkampani futhi kunguye obhaliswe ezintweni eziningi zomndeni, ene medical aid ehamba ngengadlangadla iToyota Prado. Unkosikazi wayekugcizelela ukuthi babedla izambane likapondo okuyinto indoda engazange iyiveze encwadini efungelwe. Wabeka zonke izindleko zakhe nemali yesondlo acabanga ukuthi imfanele okwabe kuyizi-R60 353 ngenyanga okuhlanganisa ukukhokhela irenti yezi-R20 500 ngenyanga. Kulemali wasusa eyizi-R12 400 athi yayikhokhwa isoka lakhe, wafuna nezi-R20 000 okuyizindleko zecala nemedical aid yezingane
Owesifazane waveza ukuthi kuzoba yinto ekahle futhi izingane ziphephile uma zizohlala naye, okuyinto okungazange kugxilwe kakhulu kuyo ngesikhathi secala. Into ayegxile kuyo imali yesibonelelo nesondlo lena ayefuna ukukhokhelwa yona. Incwadi efungelwe ephikisana nalokhu yafakwa enkantolo ziyisikhombisa kuMbasa wezi-2017, sekuphele amasonto. Mhla ziyisishiyagalombili kuNhlaba wezi-2017 owesilisa wafaka isicelo sokuhlehliswa kwesinqumo ukuze afake incwadi efungelwe ngakubiza ngento engamanga ngezimali zakhe, amabhizinisi, impilo yakhe yangasese, ukunakekela kwakhe izingane njengoba kwakuveza incwadi efungelwe yowesifazane.
Waveza izinsolo zokuthi watshelwa izingane zakhe ukuthi umkakhe akasahlali endaweni ayehlala kuyo amrentela yona kodwa usehlala kwenye indawo, futhi usethole nomsebenzi omusha. Isicelo sokuhlehliswa nesicelo sika rule 43 sachithwa. Zili-12 kuNhlaba ngowezi-2017 iNkantolo eNkulu yamchitha uMnu u-S nesicelo sakhe yaphinda yaveza nokuthi nencwadi efungelwe eyafakwa unkosikazi yabe isidlulelwe isikhathi. Ngokusho kwenkantolo le ncwadi yayingeyona ingxenye yobufakazi. NgokukaRule 43 unika ilungelo ummangalelwa ukuba athumele incwadi efungelwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezilishumi. Ngaphandle kokulandela okuningi, njengoba kwase kukhona incwadi efungelwe kaMnu u-S ngaphambi kwenkantolo, kwakhishwa isinqumo sokuba akhokhe isondlo semali engama-R40 000 ngenyanga, ngaphezu kwalokho kwakumele anakekele izingane, okuhlanganisa imedical aid, izindleko zesikole, athwale nezindleko zengqovungqovu iToyota Prado.
Lesi sinqumo saholela ekutheni kufakwe isicelo sokwedlulisela kwecala ngezizathu zokuthi iNkantolo eNkulu yenza iphutha ezintweni eziningi. Okokuqala kwaba ukuthi ngokunqabela uMnu u-S ukuhlehlisa kanjalo nokungavumeli uNkk u-S ukuba kwamukelwe incwadi yakhe efungelwe, inkantolo yehluleka ukuphatha lolu daba ngendlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho akwenziwanga ubulungiswa ngakwezezimali kowesilisa ngokuthi kumele akhokhe izi-R40 000 ngenyanga. Kwaphinde kwavela ukuthi inkantolo ayikunakanga ukuthi unkosikazi usehlala nenye indoda, futhi sekuyiyo emnakekelayo. Zingama-28 kuNtulikazi ngowezi-2017, ekuphenduleni isicelo sowesilisa ngesinqumo esakhishwa kuRule 43, iJaji lanika izizathu ezilandelanayo. Esokuqala kwaba ukuthi zonke izicelo ezingaphansi kwaRule 43 kumele zilandelwe, Isinqumo akumele sithathwe njengesimile, Azikho izizathu ezinikeziwe ngaphansi kwaRule 43.
Ngasekugcineni owesilisa waveza ukuthi ukunganikwa ithuba lokudlulisa icala kumnqinda ithuba lokukwazi ukusebenzisa izinkantolo njengoba kugunyaza isigaba-43 soMthethosisekelo. Inkantolo yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi akukho okubambekayo ngokuthi owesilisa uncishwa ilungelo lakhe elikumthethosisekelo ngokungakwazi ukusebenzisa izinkantolo.