Ukulingana emsebenzini kusengabanhloni
UMUNTU ongumbumbi uyazi ukuthi ibumba elomile alusebenzi. Ibumba lishaywa endaweni eqinile ukuze libe sesimweni esilungele umsebenzi. Isaga esithi “Lubunjwa luseva” singenza ngicabange isimo sezwe iNingizimu Afrika. Ngenkathi intokozo iphuphuma aboHlanga bevota okokuqala ziningi izinto ezazibathokozisa. Enye yazo kwakungukuthi sebezoqala ukungena emisebenzini eyayaziwa njengemisebenzi yabamhlophe kuphela. Umuntu owaqala ukusebenza ngonyaka wezi-1998 uyizwa njengenganekwane indaba yokuthi ubumeneja ezinkampanini ezinkulu bekungokwabebala elithile kuphela. Abanye bazibona beyizingqalabutho ngoba kuqale ngesikhathi sabo ukuba babe yizimeneja baphathe
ondlebezikhany’ilanga, into ebeyingaphushwa ngaphambi kwaleyominyaka. Noma beyizwa indaba ye-Employment Equity kungeke kufane nomuntu obephila kuyo, ekhacwa ngumfana omncane amthume noma belingana ngemfundo. Ngokwezibalo zangonyaka we-1997 umphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika owawuseminyakeni yokuba ngabasebenzi wawehlukaniswe izigaba ezine; okungabomdabu, ababebizwa ngama-Afrika bebalelwa kumaphesenti angama-76; ababizwa ngamaKhaladi ababebalelwa kumaphesenti ayisi-9; kube ngamaNdiya ayebalelwa kumaphesenti amathathu; kugcine abamhlophe ababebalelwa kumaphesenti ali-12. Uma kuyiwa ezinkampanini isithombe sasiveza ukuthi aboHlanga abangama-Afrika yibona abasemazingeni aphansi ngezikhundla zokuphatha.
Lesi sithombe sasiphoqa ukuthi kube nohlelo oluzokwenza aboHlanga bakhuphuke ngokwesibalo emazingeni okuphatha. Kwakunethemba lokuthi uma kusungulwa uhlelo oluthile luyosiza ukukhulisa isibalo sivune aboHlanga ngokuqashwa okuhlanganisa nokubuyekezwa kwamaholo. Kunocwaningo olwenziwa nguRulof Burger benoRachel Jafta (CRISE Working Paper No. 76) lapho phakathi kokunye babebheka uguquko olwabakhona emaholweni abasebenzi ngokwezinhlanga bebuka izibalo zakwaStats SA zeminyaka esukela ngowe-1995 kuya kowezi-2007. Lapha babebuka imali ngokwesilinganiso sehora eholwa ngumsebenzi.
Ngokwezibalo ezingenhla iholo laboHlanga besilisa nabesifazane lehla noma lakhula kancane kunazozonke
ezinye izinhlanga ngokuqhubeka kweminyaka. Ezinye izinhlanga zithole ukwenyuka ngokuphindiwe kwamaholo
uma siqhathanisa izibalo. Uma bechaza labacwaningi babeka izizathu ezingaba yimbangela yalokhu. Esinye salezizathu
ngesokuthi abaqashi babeka abasebenzi ezilinganisweni ezehlukene ngobuhlanga uma kukhulunywa ngolwazi lomsebenzi.
Isilinganiso aqaliswa kuso owoHlanga singaphansi kwaleso ezinye izinhlanga eziqala kuso.
Singephike ukuthi sasisikhulu isidingo senqubomgomo kasenzangakhona eyaqala onyakeni wezi-1998 emva kokushaywa
komthetho wokulingana, i-Employment Equity Act. Yaletha ithemba lokuthi aboHlanga bazocatshangelwa kangcono
uma kuvela amathuba omsebenzi. Ukuba khona kwenqubomgomo kwakuchaza ukuthi uma kunamathuba omsebenzi
kwakuzokuba nohlelo oluzolandelwa oluzokwenza kubhekwe abakhubazekile, kubhekwe abesifazane kubhekwe
abohlanga kugcinwe ngezinhlanga ebezitamasa ngesikhathi aboHlanga becwaswa. Kwaba kuhle ukuqala kwale nqubomgomo ngoba isizwe sasiphuma ngako kodwa nje obandlululweni olwalubakhipha inyumbazane aboHlanga nabesifazane. Kwaba nzima ukulamukela
loluhlelo kulabo ababebuka aboHlanga njengezinto zokucindezelwa, kwacaca ukuthi lena yindlela eyayizosheshisa ukuthi naboHlanga bangene ezikhundleni eziphezulu ezinkampanini bathathe izinqumo ezinqala. Ngokwenqubomgomo
yileyo naleyo nkampani kumele ithumele uhlelo ezolulandela ukungenisa aboHlanga nalabo abebecindezelwe ezikhundleni
zenkampani lapho kuthathwa Khona izinqumo. Lolu hlelo luthunyelwa eMnyangweni wabaSebenzi. Kulolu hlelo
inkampani yeneka uhlelo ezolulandela ukunciphisa igebe phakathi kwaboHlanga nabezinye izinhlanga ezisezingeni
lokuphatha enkampanini. Njengoba kwakunalabo ababengafuni nakuyizwa lendaba yokunciphisa igebe, kube nzima ukungenisa lenqubo-mgomo isebenze kuzo zonke izinkampani. Kuze kube manje akukakemukeleki kulabo abanomoya wokubandlula
ukuthi owoHlanga angaba ngumphathijikelele enkampanini enkulu. Uma lowo woHlanga ophethe enze amaphutha kuba
yindaba abalala beyidlile labo abathatha aboHlanga njengezehluleki. Abanye baze babeke imigoqo ezokwenza kube nezihibe ukuphatha kowoHlanga ukuze avele njengesehluleki, kube nomqondo oveza ubungcono uma kuphethe owolunye uhlanga. Kuze kube namuhla
kusewumqansa ezindaweni eziningi ukwethenjwa kowoHlanga esikhundleni esiphezulu, ikakhulu enkampanini exube
izinhlanga. Umbuzo ofikayo yilowo othi: “Kazi umthetho we-Employment Equity uphumelele kangakanani ukuletha uguquko nokulingana emazingeni okuphatha ezinkampanini?” Lo mbuzo ufika ngoba selokhu waqala lo mthetho kunalabo abamelene nawo benza konke okusemandleni ukuvimba uguquko ezimbonini. Izinqumo ezibonakala zivuna aboHlanga zisusa udweshu ezinkampanini,
kuthathwe nezinyathelo zomthetho ukuvimba lezo zinqumo ukuba zisebenze. Leyo ngenye yezimbangela zokuthi
inqubomgomo yokwenzelela ingaqhubeki ngesivinini esanele. Ngonyaka wezi-2018 inyunyana iSolidarity yangena emkhankasweni
wokuphikisana nenqubomgomo yokwenzelela, i-Affirmative Action enkampanini yakwaSasol eSecunda. Lolu dweshu lwasuswa wukusungulwa kohlelo lwamasheya okwakuzohlomula kulo abasebenzi abamnyama. Inyunyana iSolidarity yakuthatha njengokubandlulula abamhlophe ukunikezwa kwabasebenzi abamnyama ithuba benganikwa abamhlophe ukuze nabo bazikhethele
uma bethanda. Inkampani yakwaSasol yakuchaza lokhu njengokulungisa isimo esasibangwe wubandlululo lokungalingani
phakathi kwabasebenzi. Inyunyana yakuqhathanisa nomthetho-sisekelo wezwe ongakuvumeli ukucwaswa kwabantu ngokwebala nangenye indlela. Kwakungaqali ukuba kube nemizamo yokuvinjwa kwezinhlelo zokulungisa umonakalo owawudalwe wubandlululo
kumabhizinisi nasemsebenzini. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi lolu hlelo seluqhubeke lwagcinaphi. Ngabe le nqubomgomo yinhle ngokubhalwa nje bese aboHlanga bebhecwa ngobende bengayidlanga, noma bayitholile inyama qobo lwayo? Sizoqhubeka siyibukisise le ndaba.