Abacwaningi bashaya amakhala ngombiko ngeHIV
Umlando uveza ukuthi elakuleli linezinhlelo ezihamba phambili ekulweni nalolu bhubhane
ININGIZIMU Afrika ibalwa namanye amazwe anezinhlelo ezinkulu futhi ezisabalele nxa zonke zokulwa nokubhebhetheka kwegciwane lengculazi esezilekelele kakhulu ekunciphiseni lolu bhubhane nokubuyisa ithemba kubantu ukuthi ingculazi ayisona isigwebo sentambo.
Iqhaza lowayenguMengameli uMnu uJacob Zuma ekugqugquzeleni abantu ukuthi bahlole isimo sabo ukuze bazazi, lasiza kakhulu ekutheni abantu bangesabi ukuzihlola nokwazi isimo sabo.
UZuma waba nguMengameli wokuqala wakuleli ukuhlolela ingculazi esidlangalaleni futhi amemezele nemiphumela yakhe esizweni.
Umphumela wakamuva wocwaningo ngesimo sokubhebhetheka kwengculazi eNingizimu Afrika ushaqisile ikakhulukazi njengoba kunomuzwa wokuthi elakuleli liyibeke eqhulwini inqubomgomo nezinhlelo zengculazi. Ucwaningo olwenziwe isikhungo esingaphansi kweNyuvesi iWashington e-United States of America (USA), iHealth Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) luveze ukuthi abantu abahlanu bakuleli okuyisibalo esingamaphesenti ali-17 abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nama-49 baphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Lesi sibalo kuthiwa sikhulile sisuka kuma-2000.
Umphumela walolu cwaningo ushicilelwe kusomqulu iNature. Ngokusho kwabebelwenza inhloso yalo ukuklama isibalo sabantu asebengenwe yigciwane lengculazi emazweni angama-46 e-Afrika ukuze kusizakale izinhlangano ezidlulisela usizo.
Kubantu abaningi eNingizimu Afrika lo mphumela ushayisa ngovalo futhi awubeki isithombe esiyiso ngenxa yokuthi uHulumeni usuwenze okuningi ukulwa nengculazi.
Noma kwabaphikisana nomphumela walolu cwaningo bengasho ukuthi elakuleli limsulwa esifweni sengculazi kodwa ngokwezibalo nezinhlelo ezikhona zikaHulumeni lubukeka ucwaningo luyihaba.
Ngonyaka wezi-2017 iNingizimu Afrika yakwazi ukuphumelela ukuhlangabezana nomgomo wokuthi abantu bazazi isimo sabo njengoba abaphumela obala bazihlola babengamaphesenti angama-86. Elakuleli linohlelo olubizwa nge‘test and treat’ lapho umuntu ezihlola bese eqala ukudla imishanguzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu iNingizimu Afrika yaba yizwe lokuqala esub-Saharan Africa ekuphasiseni uhlelo lwePrEP, olutholakala ngokushesha kubantu abasengcupheni yokutheleleka.
Nakuba ngonyaka wezi-2017 kwaba nabantu abangama-270 000 abatheleleka ngalesi sifo, abayi-110 000 bashona, kodwa izinhlelo zokusatshalaliswa kwama-antiretroviral treatment (ART) kuleli ziyanconywa emhlabeni.
Ngonyaka wezi-2015 elakuleli lasebenzisa imali elinganiselwa ezi-$1.34 billion ekwesekeni izinhlelo zalo zengculazi nesandulela sayo. Impumelelo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-antiretroviral ibonakala nangeminyaka abantu abahlaselwe yilesi sifo abayiphilayo.
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi iNingizimu Africa ihamba phambili ngokusuleleka kwabantu ngengculazi ukwedlula iKenya ngamaphesenti ali-5,6, iNigeria ngo-3%, iNamibia ngo 13.8%, iZimbabwe ngo-13.5% neMozambique ngo 11.9%. Bezithethelela abebenza ucwaningo bathi ezinye zezizathu ezokuthi abantu bakuleli baphila isikhathi eside naleli gciwane ngenxa yokusebenzisa imishanguzo.
USolwazi uFrancois Venter eNyuvesi iWits uthi ingculazi ayisekho ezingeni eyayikulo eminyakeni edlule ezweni.
“Iqiniso ukuthi abantu sebeyayithatha imishanguzo futhi sebephila isikhathi eside,” kusho uSolwazi uVenter.
UMnu u-Andy Gray osebenza ngamakhambi ozinze eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natal uthi, “Angikholwa ukuthi izinga lengculazi liyadlondobala eNingizimu Afrika. Ngikholwa ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokuvikela ezikhona manje nabantu abazisebenzisayo njengama-antiretroviral. Abantu abaphila nengculazi sebehlala isikhathi eside,” kusho uGray.
Uthi okudinga ukuqashelwa manje izigameko zokusuleleka kwabantu ezintsha. Uqhuba uthi okuzosiza kulokho ukuthi kutholakale ulwazi nemininingwane ezindaweni zabantu ukuze kuhanjiswe usizo lapho ludingakala khona.
Ngokocwaningo isifunda esinabantu abaningi abaphila nalesi sifo wuMgungundlovu okuthiwa abantu abathathu kwabalishumi sesibangenile. IsiFunda esinabantu abancane iWest Coast eKapa okuhlanganisa idolobha iMalmesbury, iClanwilliam, iLangebaan neSt Helena Bay.
EGoli isibalo esingama-466 000 sabantu asebekhulile kuthiwa baphila nalesi sifo ngokocwaningo.
Isifundazwe iKwaZulu-Natal kuthiwa sinabantu abali-1.4 million abaphila nalesi sifo kanti izifundazwe ezihamba phambili iMpumalanga (20.9%), iFree State (21.3%), neKwaZulu-Natal (24%). Isifundazwe iWestern Cape (10%), iNorthern Cape (11.5%) neLimpopo (13.2%) yizo ezinezibalo ezincane ukwedlula ezinye.
Kunovalo lokuthi uma umphumela wocwaningo ngokubhebhetheka kwengculazi kuleli uyiqiniso, kungaba nezinkinga njengoba lolu hlelo lubhekene nezinkinga zemali.
UDkt uLaura Dwyer-Lindgren oyiphini likaSolwazi kuHealth Metrics Sciences uthe kwehlile ukuxhaswa kwezinhlelo zengculazi emhlabeni jikelele kusuka ngonyaka wezi-2013 kodwa ucwaningo lwabo luveza ukuthi zisekhona izingqinamba ngalesi sifo.
