Iyaqhubeka i-USA nokunswinya iZimbabwe
KUDUMAZILE okwenzeke kuleli sonto ikakhulukazi kubaholi base-Afrika ngenkathi uMengameli wase- USA uMnu uDonald Trump enza lokhu okwenziwa uMengameli uGeorge Bush ngokuqhubeka nokunswinya iZimbabwe.
Okwenza lesi sinyathelo sishaqise yingoba ibisaqhubeka imizamo yokuthi lesi sinqumo se-USA sangaphambilini sihoxiswe. Ngabe yini umsuka walesi sinqumo? Sisho ukuthini mayelana nobudlelwano obukhona noma okumele bakheke phakathi kwamazwe ehlukene?
Isinqumo sokunswinya iZimbabwe esibizwa ngeNational Emergency Executive Order 13288 sathathwa nguHulumeni owawuholwa nguMengameli uBush ngonyaka wezi-2003. Mhla i-USA ithatha lesi sinqumo yathi kunezenzo zabathile eZimbabwe eziphambene nezinjongo kanye nezinhloso ze- USA kwezobudlewano namanye amazwe.
Ikusho lokhu i-USA, yaphinde yanaba ngokuthi izigameko ezifana nokudicilela phansi amalungelo ezakhamuzi, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamaqembu aphikisayo, ngezinye zezizathu ezayiphoqa ukuba ithathe lesi sinqumo.
I-USA yabe isishicelela uhla lwamagama abaholi baseZimbabwe okumele bangavunyelwa ukuba nobudlelwano nezwe, izakhamuzi nezimboni zase-USA ngoba kuthiwa yibo abanesandla ekutheni iZimbabwe ingaphathi kahle amalungelo ezakhamuzi. Kulolu luhla, olunamagama abalelwa e-141 kubalwa owayenguMengameli uMugabe nowakwakhe, onguMengameli namuhla uMnangagwa, ngowayeyiPhini Mengameli uJoyce Mujuru, kanye nabanye.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi phambilini uHulumeni waseZimbabwe owawuholwa nguMugabe wagxekwa kakhulu ngesenzo sawo sokuza nezinhlelo zokubuyisela umhlaba kwabangokudabuka eZimbabwe I-USA, kanye namanye amazwe aseNyakatho babeyingxenye yabasolwa nguHulumeni waseZimbabwe wangaphambilini ngokuthi yibo abeseka abamaqembu aphikisayo afana neMovemenet for Democratic Change (MDC), nokuthi la mazwe ayephinde adunge ubudlelwano ezweni ngezinhloso zokuketula umbuso kaMugabe. Lesi sinqumo sowezi-2003 saphinde saqinisekiswa kabusha ngonyaka wezi-2008 ngesikhathi iZimbabwe ibamba ukhetho nalapho iqembu elibusayo ladla umhlanganiso, kepha amazwe aseNyakatho akhala ngokuthi lolu khetho aluzange luhambe ngokohlelo.
Imibono iyashayisana ngomthelela walesi sinqumo. Kukhona abathi lolu nswinyo alusizi ngalutho ngakho akunasidingo sokuthi kukhalwe ngalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikakhulukazi abaphathi bemibuso ezwenikazi, kukhona abathi lokhu kunswinywa sekube nomthelela omubi ekudlondlobaliseni umnotho waseZimbabwe luphinde lulimaze amathuba okuthi iZimbabwe ikwazi ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe ngaphandle kwezihibe. Noma imibono yehluka okungenakuphikiswa ukuthi lesi sinqumo se-USA sishabalalisa amathuba okuthi iZimbabwe ikwazi ukuthola imalimboleko, ihwebe ngokukhululeka namanye amazwe, futhi ikwazi nokwandisa izinhlelo zokubhekelela izakhamuzi.
Kodwa emveni kokuba uMengameli uMugabe ehlile esihlalweni nyakenye, kwase kubanjwa ukhetho olweza nezinguquko ebuholini bukaHulumeni, enyuka amathemba okuthi kuningi okuzoguquka. La mathemba andiswa yizizathu ezahlukene ezifana nesithembiso sikaMengameli uMnangagwa sokuthi uzoguqula indlela ezomnotho wezwe ezaziphethwe ngayo, waphinde futhi waqala umkhankaso wokunxenxa amanye amazwe ukuthi atshale izimali eZimbabwe. Kulokhu, uMengameli wathola ukwesekwa okukhulu ngamazwe amaningi e-Afrika, ikakhulukazai lawo ayingxenye yeSouthern African Development Community (SADC), nawo aphakamisa ukuthi izingqinamba leli lizwe elibhekene nazo angeke zidlule uma lisahlezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi edalwa yisinqumo se-USA. Konke lokhu kube nhlanga zimuka nomoya kuleli sonto nxashane uTrump ethi lolu nswinyo kumele luqhubeke kuze kube unyaka ozayo ngoba “inqubomgomo nezenzo zalabo abasohlwini ziyaqhubeka nokubeka engcupheni imigomo emisiwe yase-USA mayelana nobudlelwane namanye amazwe”.
Lesi ngesinye sezinqumo okumele sigxekwe kakhulu. Kumele sithathwe njengaleso esingaqondene nokudala ubulungiswa eZimbabwe, kepha esiwumdlalo kwezepolitiki yamazwe.
UHulumeni kaMengameli uTrump ngonyaka wezi-2017 wahoxisa isinqumo esifanayo sangaphambilini esasithathelwe iSudan. Kukhulunya namuhla, uHulumeni oholwa uMengameli Bashir ubhekene ngeziqu zamehlo nezakhamuzi, kepha i-USA ayikasiquguli lesi sinqumo sokuhoxisa unswinyo. Asikugcizelele ukuthi lena yaseSudan ayivezwa ngoba kwesekwa izinqumo ezifana nalezi, inhloso ukukhombisa ubuxoki nokuba mbaxambili kwamazwe afana no-USA. Ngapha i-USA igxeka uHulumeni waseZimbabwe ngokwehluleka ukuphucula impilo yezakhamuzi kodwa kuphinde kube yiyo eza nezinqumo ezinciphisa amathuba okuthi lo Hulumeni ukwazi ukuzitakula kulolu bishi okulona. Omunye umbuzo oyodinga impendulo ngelinye ilanga ukuthi okwenzeka eZimbabwe kuhlanganaphi kuphinde kubeke kanjani engcupheni, njengoba lesi sinqumo sisho, izinhlelo zezwe elifana ne-USA. Kubili okumele kugcizelelwe. Okokuqala, lesi sinqumo sizobhebhethekisa ukungazwani phakathi kukaHulumeni nezakhamuzi eZimbabwe. Okwesibili, la mazwe angomakhelwane neZimbabwe nawo asigxekayo lesi sinqumo awakhombise ngezenzo ngokuthi kube yiwo axhasa leli lizwe ukuze kwehle amajoka okwentuleka kwemisebenzi, ukunyuka kwentengo yezidingo zemihla namalanga, athwelwe izakhamuzi.
