Umvuka wendulo ngoMengameli we-Ethiopia
UNDUNANKULU wase-Ethiopia u-Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia mhla engena esihlalweni kuMbasa wethembisa ukuthi uHulumeni azowuhola uzoza nezinguquko eziningi ukuze kwakheke ukuthula, ukubuyisana nokudlondlobala komnotho ezweni. Ezinye zezinyathelo azithatha ezakhombisa ukuthi impela izinguquko ziyeza kwaba ngukuqala indlela yokubuyisana nokwakha kabusha ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Ethiopia ne Eritrea. Lesi kwaba yisinyathelo esamangaza abaningi ngoba kwase kuphele iminyaka lamazwe amabili engaboni ngaso linye. UNdunankulu u-Abiy Ahmed akamanga lapho ngoba uphinde wathatha isinyathelo esidale ukuba i-Ethopia ibalwe namazwe ambalwa e-Afrika aseqophe umlando ngokwandisa amathuba okuthi abesifazane babambe iqhaza elizwakalayo kwezepolitiki.
Lokhu kuqale ukwenzeka nxashane uNdunankulu eqoka oNgqongqoshe bakhe lapho enze isiqiniseko sokuthi abesifazane abayingxenye kaHulumeni babe ngama-50%. Lesinyathelo sibeka elase-Ethiopia emgqeni owodwa namazwe ase-Africa afana neRwanda angabalwa njengalawo asithathela phezulu isiphakamiso esathi kumele abesifazane babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo kwezepolitiki. Okuthokozise abaningi ngoHulumeni kaMnu u-Ahmed ukuthi ekuqokeni kwakhe abesifazane, uphinde waqiniseka ukuthi abanye babo babekwa kwi Minyango evame ukuphathwa ngabesilisa. Isibonelo nje ngukuthi uNqgonqgoshe wezempi e-Ethiopia ungowesifazane.
Lesinyathelo siphinde saqina kakhulu ngesonto eledlule lapho iPhalamende lase-Ethiopia leseka isiphakamiso sikaNdunankulu sokuthi kube ngokokuqala ukuthi isikhundla sikaMengameli wezwe sithathwe ngowesifazane. IPhalamende livumelane ngo- ‘elethu’ uma linyula uNksz uSahle-Work Zewde ukuba abe ngu Mengameli wesine wase-Ethiopia. UNdunankulu ugcizelele ukuthi lesinqumo asithathwangwa ngoba kugcinwa icala loluthi kube nabesifazane ezikhundleni, kodwa sithathwe ngoba uNksz uSahle-Work Zewde ungomunye wabaholi base- Ethiopia asebemkantsh’ubomvu, ngakho-ke akuthandabuzeki ukuthi lesikhundla uzokwazi ukusengamela.Umlando kaMengameli omusha uZewde uyalweseka uvo lukaNdunankulu. UNksz uZewde uqokwa kulesikhundla nje ubekade eyiNxusa eliPhezulu likaNobhala (Special Representative of the Secretary General) we-United Nations (UN) kwi- African Union (AU). Phambilini, wayenguMqondisi Jikelele weHhovisi le-UN elizinze eNairobi, eKenya. Lezi kungezinye zezikhundla ezimenza ukuba abe nolwazi olujulile kwezamazwe, okuphinde kumenze abe nobudlelwane nezinhlangano ezahlukene ezikhona emhlabeni wonkana. Ngaphambi kokuba asebenzele i-UN uNksz uZewede wabamba izikhundla eziningi kuMnyango Wezangaphandle kuHulumeni wase-Ethiopia.
Eminyakeni we-1989 kuya kowe-1993, wayeyiNxusa lase- Ethiopia eSenegal, eqokwe nguHulumeni kaMengistu owaqunjwa phansi ngonyaka we-1991 yilo leli qembu elibusayo i-Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Noma abanye ababesebenzela uHulumeni kaMengistu bashiya phansi emveni kokuthatha kwe- EPRDF ngaleyo minyaka, uNksz uZewde waqoka ukuba asebenze ngaphansi kukaHulumeni omusha ngokuqhubeka nokuba yiNxusa, nalapho akwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane phakathi kwalamazwe. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abe ngezinye zezithenjwa zikaHulumeni ngoba wagcina eseqokwa ukuba abe yiNxusa lawo ezindaweni eziningi. Ngeminyaka ye-1993 kuya kowezi-2002 waba yiNxusa le-Ethiopia eDjibouti okwamenza ukuthi aphinde amele lelizwe kwinhlangano ebizwa nge Inter- Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). Lesi ngesinye sezikhundla esimenza ukuba abe nolwazi ngezimo ezikhona zezimpi, ububha, kanye nokusweleka kwentuthuko kumazwe ayingxenye ye-IGAD, futhi angomakhelwane ne- Ethiopia. Ngaphandle kokuthi waphinde waba yiNxusa le Ethiopia eFrance (2002-2006) wake waba uMqondisi Jikelele woMnyango wezaNgaphandle ezweni.
NgokoMthethosisekelo wase- Ethiopia owamiswa ngonyaka wezi- 1995, zimbili izikhundla eziphezulu kuHulumeni; esikaNdunankulu bese kuba ngesikaMengameli. UNdunankulu nguye obamba izintambo zombuso, aphinde ahole izinhlelo zikaHulumeni, kanti noNgqongqoshe abaqokiwe babika kuye futhi basebenzisana naye ngqo. Ngokomthethosisekelo kokunye okungamandla kaMengameli ukuba amele isizwe ebudlelwaneni namanye amazwe; ukusayindwa kwemithetho esishaywe yiPhalamende, ukubeka uHulumeni nokuqoka oNgqonqgoshe ebambisene noNdunankulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube khona imibono ethi akusona isikhundla esibalulekile kangako uma siqhathanyiswa nesikaNdunankulu. Kepha okungamele kukhohlakale ngukuthi, angeke ume uHulumeni e-Ethiopia ngaphandle kwalesikhundla. Okunye okumele kungakhohlakali ngukuthi emsebenzini wakhe uNdunakulu kumele ukuba ahlale ebonisana nonguMengameli. Ngaleyo ndlela ukuqokwa kukaZewde kuzomenza ukuthi abe nethonya ezinhlelweni nasendleleni uHulumeni wase- Ethiopia azosebenza ngayo.
Uma kubhekwa umlando ka Nksz uZewede, ukhombisa ukuthi ungumholi ozokwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe, lobudlelwane asebakhile namazwe ehlukene, ukuthi akwazi ukusebenzisana noHulumeni kanye noNdunankulu ukuze izwe lase-Ethiopia lisimame futhi liphinde libe nokuthula. Ngamanye amazwi, kuqokwe umholi ofanelekile nangesikhathi esibalulekile ezweni. UNksz uZewde, uzohamba ezicathulweni zamaqhawekazi angaphambilini ase-Ethiopia, abamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki nasekuphathweni kwezwe. Kusadliwa ngoludala, mhla i-Ethiopia isengaphansi kobuholi baMakhosi, bakhona abesimame ababamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwesizwe. Kulabo kungabalwa iNdlovukazi uTaytu Betul, owayihlakula eyakhe indima mhla i-Ethiopia iqumba phansi i-Italy eMpini yase-Odawa onyakeni we-1896. Kuphinde kube yiNdlovukazi uZewditu owahola isizwe ngeminyaka ye-1916-1930.
Labaholi bangaphambili, bayibeka induku ebandla kuzigameko nezingqinamba izwe elalibhekene nazo ngayelo minyaka, ngakho-ke bahlale bekhunjulwa ngobuhlakani, nobuqhawe ababukhombisa ekuvikeleni isizwe, nokuqinisa ubudlelwane namazwe angomakhelwane.UNksz uZewde, uqokwa kulesikhundla ngesikhathi lapho I-Ethiopia idinga ubuholi obuhluzekile ukuze ikwazi ukudlondlobalisa ubudlelwane namazwe angomakhelwane, ukuqinisa ezentuthuko ukuze umnotho wezwe ubhekelele zonke izakhamuzi, kanye nokubeka i-Ethiopia esicongweni kumazwe ase-Africa. E-Africa yanamuhla, uNksz uZewde uzoba nguye yedwa owesimame ohleli kulesikhundla, ungena ezicathulweni zabanye abafana noJohnson Sirleaf owaba nguMengameli waseLiberia; kanye uJoyce Banda waseMalawi.
