Ubulungiswa ngezinsolo zokweba emsebenzini
Ngumqashi onomthwalo wokuveza ubufakazi bokuthi ukuxosha umsebenzi kunobulungiswa ngezizathu ezifanele nokuthi kulandelwe inqubo enobulungiswa ngaphambi kokuxosha umsebenzi
WONKE umuntu ongumqashwa unelungelo lokungaxoshwa ngendlela engenabulungiswa. Umthetho ulawula indlela nemibandela okumele kuhlonishwe uma kuxoshwa umqashwa. Umthetho Wezobudlelwano Kwezokuqashwa uNombolo 66 we-1995, uyakucacisa lokho.
Ukwethembeka ebudlelwaneni bokuqashwa kuyisisekelo sokuqashwa kangangoba uma etholakala engethembekile noma enecala lokweba umsebenzi; umqashi unelungelo lokumxosha emsebenzini. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuxoshwa esivamile emacaleni amaningi okuxoshwa. Uhla Lokuziphatha kahle mayelana nokuxoshwa olwasicilelwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wezobudlelwano Kwezokuqashwa luyakucacisa futhi ukuthi ukungethembeki okuxuba nokweba akubekezeleleki, kugunyaza ukuxoshwa. Izinkundla nezinkantolo zamacala ezabasebenzi ziyakugcizelela ukuthi ukweba kuyiphutha eligunyaza ukuxoshwa.
Izinkantolo zibuye zehlukanise phakathi kokweba nokutholakala nempahla yomqashi ngaphandle kwemvume. Umehluko uba sekutheni inhloso yokweba ngukungethembeki kanti ukutholakala nempahla yomqashi ngaphandle kwemvume kakusho ukungethembeki kwesinye isikhathi. Nasi isibonelo selinye icala elithethwe yiKhomishana yakwaCCMA.
Umsebenzi wayesebenza ethilomu lokudla eSpur, kungumsebenzi wakhe ukuhlanza lakuphekelwa khona ekhishini abuye egeze nezindonga esezingcoliswe ngamafutha nokunye. Usebona indwangu esisebenzile ibekiwe nje ehhovisi lomphathi. Wayithatha ngenhloso yokuyisebenzisa uma egeza izindonga nokunye. Wayengekho umphathi ngenkathi ethatha imfaduko, futhi akangalithola ithuba lokumtshela ukuthi usethathe imfaduko ngoba exakwe ngamakhasimende umphathi futhi umqashwa exakwe ngumsebenzi wakhe. Wayibeka ekhishini indwangu waze kwafika isikhathi sokuthi ashayise ahambe ayishiye khona lapho asebenza khona nabanye abasebenzi. Ngakusasa wathweswa icala lokweba nokuthatha impahla yenkampani ngaphandle kwemvume.
Esethetha leli cala uKhomishana wathola ukuthi umqashwa ubengenanhloso yokweba imfaduko kodwa ubeyisebenzisela umsebenzi wakhe. Futhi akazange ayifihle noma aphume nayo eseshayisa eya ekhaya kodwa wayishiya khona emsebenzini obala. Wakhipha isigwebo sokuthi makanxeshezelwe umqhashwa ngoba wayengasathandi ukubuyela emsebenzini. Ukuba wayesafuna ukubuyela emsebenzini umqashwa, uKhimishana wayezonquma ukuba makabuyiselwe.
Kulesi sinqumo saleli cala uKhomishana walandela izeluluko zenkantolo ecaleni elisihloko esithi Continental Oils Mills (Pty) Ltd v Singh NO & others (2013) 34 ILJ 2573(LC) lapho khona iNkantolo Yezabasebenzi yanquma ukuthi okuhlanganisa kwehlukanise ukweba nokuthatha impahla yomqashi ngaphandle kwenvume ngukungethembeki. Okusho ukuthi uma kungekho nhloso yokungethembeki akukhona ukweba kodwa ukuthatha impahla ngaphandle kwemvume. Kuleli cala elingenhla kuyacaca ukuthi lo mqashwa wasebenzisa imfaduko endala engenanhloso yokuyeba noma yokuzisebenzisela yona ekhaya lakhe ngaphandle kwasemsebenzini. Kwakungafanele ukuba axoshelwe ukweba. Okungenani kwakumele ajeziswe ngesexwayiso somlomo.
Umbhali ohlonishwayo emthethweni wezabasebenzi uGrogan: Workplace Law 11th Ed, 2014:247-248, naye uyakugcizelela ukuthi ukutholakala nempahla yomqashi ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe kugunyaza ukuxoshwa kuphela uma kunenhloso yokweba noma yokungethembeki. Okusho khona ukuthi usuke egagamela umqashi uma ezovele axoshe umsebenzi ngesizathu sokutholakala nemphahla okusetshenzwa ngayo kungenanhloso yokuyeba.
Umthetho ulawula ukuthi makubhekisiswe sonke isimo somqashwa nomqashi uma kuthatthwa isinqumo sokuxosha. Kumele makubhekwe ukuthi usenesikhathi esingakanani esebenza umqhashwa; ukuziphatha kwakhe emsebenzini; isimo somsebenzi; nebhizinisi lomqashi ukuthi ngelinjani noma lizwela kangakanani ekwebiweni kwempahla.
Uma isenzo somqashwa sitshengisa ngokusobala ukungethembeki akube kusamsiza ukuthi ubesesebenze iminyaka eminingi futhi engenasici sokuziphatha kabi emsebenzini. Lokhu kwagcizelelwa ecaleni iWoolworths (Pty) Ltd v CCMA & Others [2011] 10 BLLR 936 (LAC) okuyisinqumo senkantolo yokwedlulisela amacala.
Ecaleni iMiyambo v CCMA & Others (2010) 31 ILJ2031(LAC) umsebenzi wayetholakale nezinsimbi ezindala engavumelekile ukutholaka nazo futhi wayazi ukuthi umqashi wayezozidayisa. Lathethwa nguKhomishana icala wathola ukuthi ngempela wayentshontsha umqashwa kodwa ukuxoshwa akubanga nobulungiswa ngenxa yesikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ayeseyisebenzile umqashwa. Icala ledluliselwa eNkantolo Yezabasebenzi eyafika yasiguqula isinqumo sikaKhomishana yanquma ukuthi ukuxoshwa kwakhe kunobulungiswa. Labe seledluliselwa eNkantolo Yezabasebenzi Yokwedlulisela amacala. Yisinqumo sale nkantolo esalahla umsebenzi okokugcina sagcizelela ukuthi ukungethembeki emsebenzini kuqeda bonke ubudlelwano bomqashi nomqashwa. Futhi iminyaka eminingi esetshenziwe kanye nomlando wokuziphatha okuhle enganachaphaza lokweba kakumsizi ngalutho umsebenzi ongethembekile.
Masiqaphele futhi ukuthi ngokomthetho isijeziso kumele sibe nenhloso yokuhlumelelisa ukuziphatha komsebenzi singamnqumeli ogodweni. Ngokujwayelekile umsebenzi owonile kumele makajeziswe ngezexwayiso zize zibentathu okungenani futhi zishiyane ngezigaba zokuthi ngesokuqala ngesesibili noma ngesokugcina. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba kumsebenzi ukuba makaqondise izigwegwe zakhe ekuziphatheni emsebenzini. Kodwa uma engene esilingweni sokweba nokungethembeki umsebenzi; lo mbandela wokuqondisa izigwegwe awube usamsiza kangako ngoba kuthiwa ukwethembana phakathi kwakhe nomqashi sekuze kwashabalala ngenxa yesenzo sakhe sokweba noma ukungethembeki okuthile.
Maningi amacala okweba nokungethembeki lapho khona oKhomishana babenqume ukuthi lo mbandela wokuqondisa izigwegwe zomsebenzi kawulandelwanga ngakho ukuxoshwa kakunabulungiswa. Kodwa esendluliselwe eziNkantolo lawo macala izinkantolo ziguqule izinqumo zigcizelele ukuthi lo mbandela wokuqondisa izigwegwe kawube usanakwa uma kunokungethembeki ekuziphatheni komqashwa. Esinye salezi zinqumo zezinkantolo zamacala abasebenzi ngesecala i-Orange Toyota (Kimberly) v Van Der Walt & Others (2000)21ILJ 2294(LC) okuyisinqumo seNkantolo Yezabasebenzi.
