Izinyunyana kuleli ziyihawu labasebenzi
Mhla lulunye kule nyanga kuNhlaba wusuku lokugubha ukutholakala kwamalungelo abasebenzi emhlabeni wonke jikelele
NJALO mhla lulunye kuNhlaba wusuku lokugubha ukutholakala kwamalungelo abasebenzi emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Kufanele-ke masiphawule ngesimo sezinyunyana ezweni lakithi. Lesi sihloko sizokwazi ukuzwa amagalelo nokwehluleka kwezinyunyana ukulwela amalungelo abasebenzi okuyisimo esidabukisayo kumuntu owazi umlando wezinyunyana kuleli lakithi eliphuma obandlululweni.
Emibhalweni eyandulela lona sakuphawula ukuthi abasebenzi basezindlini, abasemapulazini kunye nabasembonini yokuqapha yibona abasahlukumezeke kakhulu ukwedlula abanye bezinye izimboni. Ngifisa ukujobelela abasebenzi abangabashayeli bamatekisi kulolu luhla ngezizathu eziyohlaluka uma sesibhala ngamalungelo alaba basebenzi. Kangiqondile ukuthi abanye abasebenzi bona bayabusa noma bakhomba ngophakathi, kodwa ngithi abakulezi zimboni basahlukumezeka ngokwedlulele yize sesangena kudemokhrasi.
Kukho konke lokhu kuhlukumezeka kwabasebenzi umbuzo othi ngubani okumele alamulele abasebenzi, umunwe ukhomba ngqo ezinyunyaneni zabasbenzi. Kangiqonde ukuthi uHulumeni yena akathinteki kulolu daba. Kodwa masikuqondisise ukuthi emhlabeni wonke nasemlandweni wamazwe amaningi akukaze kwaba ngumsebenzi kaHulumeni ukulwisana nokugqilazwa kwabasebenzi ngabaqashi. Iqhaza nomsebenzi kaHulumeni ngukwenza isimo sokuqashwa kube ngesinobulungiswa ngokushaya imithetho eqeda incindezelo nokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi. Umsebenzi kaHulumeni ukungenelela ngomthetho nenqubomgomo ukuba kube nempatho enhle phakathi komqashi nabasebenzi futhi kugwemeke noma kuxazululeke izigxabano okuyinto ehlala ikhona phakathi kwabasebenzi nabaqhashi okanye phakathi kwezinyunyana nabaqashi.
Ilungelo labasebenzi lokuzimbandakanya nokuhlanganyela ngaphansi kwenhlangano yabo (inyunyana) lisukela kudala futhi liqunyazwe yiSinqumo uNombolo 87 we-1948 esathathwa yiNhlangano Yamazwe Ngaazwe emele izindaba zabasebenzi okuthiwa yi-International Labour Organisation (ILO). UMthethosisekelo wona uyaliqinisekisa leli lungengelo esigabeni sesibili njengoba sasishilo. UMthetho Wezobudlelwano Kwezokuqhashwa uNombolo 66 we-1995 unikeza imininingwane mayelana nokusungulwa, ukuphathwa nokusebenza kwezinyunyana okuyizinhlangano zabasebenzi.
Inyunyana isungulwa ngabasebenzi bemboni ethile noma izimboni ezisondelene ngokwemisebenzi eziyenzayo beyisungula ngenhloso yokulungisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo nomqashi noma abaqashi babo. Inhloso enkulu yenyunyana ukukhulumela amalungelo abasebenzi ngazwilinye nokuthatha izinyathelo nezinhlelo zokuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi. Ngakho-ke umuntu ngamunye angeke azibize ngenyunyana.
Umthetho udinga ukuba ubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni inyunyana ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqcwele. Umthetho futhi ulawula ukuphathwa kwayo. Kayinalungelo lokusebenza inyunyana uma ingabhalisiwe ngokomthetho. Ukubhaliswa kudinga ukuba ifeze lezi zidingo ezilandelayo: okuyigama elivumelekile emthethweni, elingafanani nelenye inyunyana ebhalisiwe futhi malingadidi muntu kodwa malicace. Kufuneka umthethosisekelo olandela izilawulo zomthetho. Makube nekheli laseNingizimu Afrika. Okokugcina nokubaluleke kakhulu, umthetho uthi inyunyana mayizimele yona mayingalawulwa noma incike kubaqashi nezinhlangano zabo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izikhulu ezisebenzela inyunyana neziphathimandla ezikhethelwe izikhundla enyunyaneni kumele zizimele ngaphandle kokuncika noma ukuncela usizo lokuxhaswa noma nganhloboni ngabaqashi.
Imibandela edingwa ngumthetho kumthethosisekelo wenyunyana ukuze ibhaliswe yilena elandelayo uma siyifinqa.
Mayelana nobulungu akwazeke ukuthi umsebenzi ukhokha malini ukuze abe yilunga; ubhalisa kanjani; usula kanjani ekubeni yilunga; mivuzo mini etholakala ngobulunga; uxoshwa uma kunjani futhi uphikisana kanjani nalokho kuxoshwa ekubeni yilunga lenyunyana.
Ngokwenhlangano umthethosisekelo mawuchaze ukuthi ibanjwa nini imihlangano eyahlukene. Yisiphi isibalo esanele esigunyaza umhlangano ukuba mawuqhubeke. Ngobani okumele bethamele imihlangano eyahlukene enyunyaneni. Ayini amandla nemisebenzi kanobhala nabanye abaphathizikhundla benyunyana uma kunemihlangano.
Mayelana nezikhundla kufanele kwazeke ukuthi uhlobo lwezikhundla zenyunyana lwehlukene kabili. Yizikhulu (officials) okuyizisebenzi eziqhashwe ngokugcwele enyunyaneni. Bese kuba abaphathizikhundla (office bearers) abangaqhashiwe yinyunyana kodwa abakhethelwa ezikhundleni ezinemisebenzi namandla athile njengesikamengameli, usihlalo, nomgcinimafa. Umthethosisekelo kumele mawucacise ngokukhethelwa kulezi zikhundla, amandla azo nendlela yokususa okhethelwe esikhundleni uma sebefisa ukumsusa abasebenzi. Kumele ucacise umthethosisekelo ngokujeziswa kwelunga lenyunyana ukuthi makwenziwe kanjani, ngobani uma kunjani.
Kumele umthethosisekelo usho ukuthi amalunga mawavote ngephepha uma kuzoba nesiteleka nokuthi kabayikujeziswa labo abenqabayo ukungenela isiteleka esigagunyazwanga ngevoti lephepha. Okubalulekile, umthethosisekelo kumele mawulawule ngokuphathwa nokusetshenziswa kwemali, ukugcinwa kwamabhuku emali, ukwethula imibiko yezimali kumalunga nokuhlolwa kwale mibiko ngabacwaningimabhuku ezimali, nokuyethula kuMbhalisi (registrar) wezinyunyana oseMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi. Ukubhaliswa ngaphansi komthetho kusho amalungelo nezibopho ezithile okutholwa yinyunyana. Lapha sibala okubalulekile. UMbhalisi ukhipha ubufakazi obuyisitifiketi sokuthi inyunyana ibhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi inyunyana esebenza ngaphansi komthetho inegunya lokunikwa amalungelo ezinhlangano, ukuhlangana nabasebenzi ezindaweni zemisebenzi abaqhashwe kuzo, kubanjwe imali yobulunga emiholweni yabasebenzi, ikhethe abakhulumeli babasebenzi ezimbonini lapho inamalunga khona, futhi inikwe ulwazi elufunayo oluphathelene nokuqashwa kwamalunga ayo.
Inyunyana ebhalisiwe ithola ilungelo lokuxoxisana nabaqashi babasebenzi ngayodwa noma ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinyunyana mayelana nokwenyuselwa amaholo nemihlomulo yokuqashwa. Amalunga, abakhulumeli babasebenzi (izitshuwadi), izikhulu nabaphathizikhundla bavikelekile ekuboshweni bona ziqu zabo ngezenzo ezenzeka egameni lenyunyana uma nje kungezisemthethweni futhi zenzeke ngesihle egameni lenyunyana.
Kunezibopho okumele zifezwe yinyunyana ebhalisiwe. Esokuqala ngesokuphatha kahle imali yabasebenzi nokuyisebenzisela izidingo zabasebenzi. Ukugcina amabhuku nemibhalo yezimali ngendlela elawulwe ngumthetho. Ukubikela amalunga ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe ukuthi ingene yasetshenziswa kanjani imali yenyunyana. Ukuqikelela ukuba amabhuku nayo yonke imibhalo emayelana nemali iyahlolwa ngabacwaningimabhuku. Ukwedlulisela le mininingwane kuMbhalisi oseMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi njalo ngonyaka.
Ukwehluleka kwenyunyana ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izizathu okungabalwa kuzo: izingxabano zobuholi, inkohlakalo, izingxabano zezombusazwe, nokuxoveka kobuholi nokuphathwa kwenyunyana ngesandla esinoboya kuyisimo esibuhlungu kubasebenzi abangamalungu. Kumele abasebenzi babhekane nalesi simo ngokulandela inqubomigomo yenyonyana yabo. Ukwehluleka kwenyunyana ukuhambisa imibiko nemininingwane kuMbhalisi kuyicala futhi eliyinkomba yenkohlakalo ngaphakathi enyunyaneni.
Umthetho, eSigabeni sekhulu nantathu (s103) ubalula ukuthi iNkantolo Yezabasebenzi inelungelo lokuqoka ofanele, okungaba nguKhomishana ukuba abe ngumphathi wenyunyana ngaphansi kwemibandela ebekwe yiNkantolo uma yeneliseka ukuthi: iyehluleka inyunyana ukwenza umsebenzi wayo, noma kunokuxhashazwa kwemali yabasebenzi enyunyaneni. Lesi sinqumo singathathwa yiNkantolo uma kukhona ofake isimangalo, noma kucele yona kanye inyunyana ngokuthatha isinqumo esifanele sokuba ilekelelwe ngale ndlela. INkantolo ingasithatha lesi sinqumo uma kucele uMbhalisi esebone ukuthi akuqhubeki ngendlela enyunyaneni.
Kuleli, emva kokungena kukaHulumeni wentando yeningi sesingasho ukuthi imithetho yabasebenzi esayibalula siqalisa le mibhalo ihamaba ibanga elide ukuthi isimo sabasebenzi singabi nencindezelo futhi kukhuthazeke ukuxoxisana nokuxazululeka kwezingxabano phakathi kwabasebenzi, izinyunyana nabaqashi. Izibonelo nguMthethosisekelo oqinisekisa ilungelo lokungaxhashazwa komsebenzi nelungelo lokuzikhethela, yimithetho emayelana namalungelo abasebenzi esungula izinhlaka ezahlukene eziphathelene nezindaba zabasebenzi ezifana noMnyango Wezabasebenzi, iKhomishana Yemibandela Yokuqhashwa, iKhomishana Yokuxazulula Nokwahlulela ezingxabanweni zabasebenzi (CCMA). Kanye nemiKhandlu Yezimboni ezahlukene.
Lapho esahluleka khona uHulumeni wethu, ngokwami ukubona, kusekuqapheni nasekuhloleni ukuthi iyalandelwa yini le mithetho nasekubopheni izephulamthetho zabaqashi. Masikusho ukuthi neMikhandlu Yezimboni nayo isehluleka kulo msebenzi. Ziningi kakhulu izikhalo zabasebenzi ngokwehluleka kukaHulumeni kulolu phiko lokuqapha, nokubopha. Okumqoka ngukuthi uHulumeni unenselelo enkulu yokuqeqesha ngokwanele, nokuqhubekayo abasebenzi bakhe abenza lemisebenzi.
UHulumeni kusafanele aqinise izinhlaka asebenzisana nazo ukuxazulula izinkinga zabasebenzi. Baningi abasebenzi abadudulelwa kwaCCMA bebe benezikhalo eziqondene noMnyango Wezabasebenzi ngqo.
Izinyunyana-ke zona zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, zinamandla eziwathola ngegunya (mandate) labo abasebenzi nasemthethweni. Iningi lezinyunyana seziyehluleka futhi sezingamavaka emsebenzini wazo wokulwela abasebenzi okuyinto engafanele ngabe iyenzeka.
Ngezikhathi zobandlululo kwakunzima futhi kuyingozi ukulwela amalungelo abasebenzi. Phela ngokomthetho waleso sikhathi (Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 neLabour Relations Act 1956) aboHlanga babengathathwa njengabasebenzi bengavikelwa yile mithetho. Babengavunyelwa ukuba nezinyunyana; uma zikhona zazithathwa njengezinhlangano ezingekho emthethweni. Imali yayikhokhwa abasebenzi bukhoma ingabanjwa emiholweni yabo ngoba bengenalungelo lokuba nenyunyana. Abaholi nabaqguqguzeli bezinyunyana babehamba bekhongozela beqoqa imali kubasebenzi beyifake ezikhwameni zezinyunyana ukuze kuqhubeke umzabalazo.
Laba baholi babengagcini ngokubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo nabaqhashi nje kuphela. Kodwa babebhekana noHulumeni: beboshwa beshaywa ngamaphoyisa ezemoya (special branch) ayenonya olwesabekayo. Kodwa balwa laba bafowethu nodadewethu bebeka izimpilo zabo ezingozini futhi bengenayo inkohlakalo ngaphakathi ezinyunyaneni zabo. Uma yayikhona inkohlakalo kwakufana nje neconsi emagagasini olwandle olukhulu. Uma isikhathi sivuma, ngiyoke ngilobe ngegalelo lala maqhawe omzabalazo wamalungelo abasebenzi.
Ngiqonde ekutheni okwenzeka namhlanje ezinyunyaneni zabasebenzi kufikisa intukuthelo, usizi nokudabuka okukhulu kumuntu owazi umlando nomzabalazo wabasebenzi owandulela lesi simo esesikuso namhlanje. Ziningi izinselelo zezinyunyana ezikhona esikhathini samanje ezingafani nakuqala.
