Ikusasa lezwe lidinga amehlo abuka kude nanxazonke
Amehlo ekusasa laleli lizwe yiNDP. Thina siyizakhamizi asilawule ukusebenza kwala mehlo
- IZWE liyazakhela ikusasa lalo. Uhulumeni wokuqala wentando yabantu owangena embusweni ngowe-1994, izinto zivele zimapeketwane eNingizimu Afrika kwezomnotho nangokwenhlalo. Wayemelwe ngumqansa ongakhwelwa mbongolo wokuguqula izinto ngokushesha. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha iNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kobuholi bukaDkt Nelson Mandela, kwaba ngukusungula uhlelo lokwakha kabusha izwe, nolwabizwa ngeReconstruction and Development Programme (iRDP) nolwathulwa ngonyaka we-1994. Inhloso ngqangi yeRDP kwaku ngukukhuculula nokuxazulula izinkinga ezalethwa uhulumeni wobandlululo nokusungula izindlela zokubuyisela umnotho kubantu ababecindezelwe.
Nakuba kukuningi okwafezeka okuhle ngayo isimo sempilo kuleli sikhomba ukuthi intuthuko iza kancane kanti kuqubula imibuzo ngokuthi izingqinamba eziyidonsela phansi ziqhamuka kuphi. Ephawula ngalesi simo loyo owayenguNgqongqoshe wezeziMali kanye noSihlalo owayebhekele uhlelo lweNDP uTrevor Manuel ngonyaka wezi-2014 wathi: “Baningi kakhulu abantu abasahlupheka futhi izwe lisahlukene kakhulu. Isibalo sabantu abasebenzayo siphansi, izinga lemfundo ezikoleni eziningi liphansi kanti uhulumeni wethu usadinga ukuqina ukhakhayi ezintweni ezibucayi. Amathuba abantu abaphumelelayo asalawulwa umlando wombuso kahulumeni wobandlululo.”
Lokhu kuveza isithombe sokuthi iRDP, nezinye izinhlelo okubalwa kuzo iGrowth Employment and Redistribution (iGEAR) eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1996, azibanga nomthelela otheni naphezu kokuthi kwabunjwa uhlelo lwe-Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative South Africa (ASGISA) ngonyaka wezi-2006, okwakuhloswe ukuthi phakathi kokunye lweluse ukusebenza kwazo.
Lowo owayenguMengameli uMnu Thabo Mbeki ngonyaka wezi-2002 emhlanganweni wekhabhinethi waphawula wathi: “inselelo kahulumeni akukhona ukusungula inqubomgomo, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyalandelwa.” I-ASGISA, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa isimo sempilo nesomnotho, yayizofaka inkalivasi iqondise izigwegwe ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni ezazinuka inkohlakalo nezazingakucijele ukwenza umsebenzi. Izinhloso ze-ASGISA kwakungukuthuthukisa umnotho nokuqisekisa ukulandelwa kwenqubomgomo ngokulungisa okokuqala inkinga yokuswelakala kwabasebenzi eminyangweni kahulumeni abanekhono, abasebenza ngokuzikhandla futhi abazibophezele emsebenzini wabo. Okwesibili inkinga yokungabibikho kwazisebenzi eziqapha ukulandelwa kwenqubomgomo emnyangweni. Enye inkinga eyesabiwa mali esinganele. Kusenjalo kube nenkinga yenkohlakalo nakho konke ukungaphathwa ngendlela kwezimali. Ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanele kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni enye yalezi zinkinga. Kwabonakala nenkinga yokunganikezwa kwabantu amathuba okuthi bathole uxhaso nokuthi baziqalele amabhizinisi.
Phezu kwayo yonke le mizamo leli lizwe belisolwa ngokuthi alinayo inqubomgomo eqondile yezomnotho nokwenza kube lukhuni ukwazi ukuthi ikusasa liliphatheleni. Ngokubona lokhu kugxekwa elakuleli laqhamuka nohlelo lweNational Development Plan (iNDP). Lolu hlelo luqhamuke ngesikhathi iNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezingqinamba njengawo wonke amazwe nxa kufikwa kwezomnotho. I-NDP njengephupho incike ekusebenzisaneni kwazo zonke izinhlaka ezithintekayo, uhulumeni, osomabhizinisi, izisebenzi kanye nomphakathi. Kungalesi sizathu ekuhlanganisweni kwayo uhulumeni wahlangana nazo zonke izinhlaka ezithintekayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona ukungaboni ngasolinye ngalolu hlelo phakathi kukahulumeni nezinyunyana, zonke izinhlaka ziyavumelana ngesidingo sokuba khona kwenqubomgomo kwezomnotho.
Inhlosongqangi yeNDP
Emnyakeni engama-21 iNingizimu Afrika yathola inkululeko isabukwa njengezwe elisathuthuka uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ngesimo sempilo nesomnotho. Lokhu kuphoqa ukuthi minyaka yonke uhulumeni asebenzele phezu kombono wokuthi ufuna ukulithatha alibeke kuphi leli lizwe emnyakeni ezayo. Ukungabi nambono ngekusasa noma ukungaphumeleli kwezinhlelo zokuwufeza kuholela ekutheni izwe lingathuthuki ngokushesha. Amazwe ahamba phambili ngokomnotho, nabizwa ngamaFirst World Countries, ibhange lomhlaba, iWorld Bank, kanye nesikhwama somhlaba, i-International Monitory Fund (i-IMF) bafaka uxhaso emazweni antulayo adinga ukuthuthukiswa. Njengensizwa esuke izibika entombini uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika kumele unxenxe lezi zinhlaka kanye nabavoti okusetshenziswa imali yabo yentela ukufeza iphupho lokubeka izwe phambili. Ngowezi-2012, uMengameli wezwe uMhlonishwa uJacob Zuma wamemezela uhlelo lokuthatha elakuleli alibeke phambili ngokomnotho kanye nesimo sempilo ngaphansi kombono kahulumeni iNational Development Plan (iNDP). I-NDP wuhlelo okubhekwe ngalo ukuthi kube sekufezwe okuningi ekuthuthukiseni iNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka wezi-2030. Inhlosongqangi ye-NDP ukuqeda ububha, ukungalingani kanye nokusweleka kwemisebenzi kuleli.
“INingizimu Afrika ngeyabo bonke abantu. Kungumsebenzi wethu sonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sizakhela ikusasa elihle. Bonke abantu bakuleli bafunela bona nezingane zabo ikusasa eliqhakazile. I-National Development Plan ilona kusasa elizoxosha ububha, lehlise ukungalingani, kwakhiwe namathuba emisebenzi ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu bakuleli kucijwe amakhono abo kufakwe nogqozi lokwenza umsebenzi ozoba nomthelela omuhle emnothweni wakuleli,” kuphawula uMhlonishwa uTrevor Manuel kuthulwa lolu hlelo nyakenye. Ethula inkulumongqangi yowezi-2014, uMengameli uZuma wachaza i-NDP “njengensika yomsebenzi kahulumeni”.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi uNgqongqoshe wezeziMali uMhlonishwa uNhlanhla Nene, enkulumweni yakhe yesabiwamali kuNcwaba nyakenye, wathi: “Ukwabiwa kwemali kuncike ekusebenzeleni phezu kwe-NDP.” Kanti uNgqongqoshe eHhovisini likaMengameli uMhlonishwa uJeff Hadebe, naye wahamba phezu kwamazwi kaNene enaba ngokuthi: “Umyalezo ucacile; isitimela seNDP sisukile esiteshini ngowezi-2012 futhi sihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu,”
Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yeNDP, uMnyango wePlanning, Performance Monitoring and Evaluation wanikezwa izigidi zamarandi ukuthi uqaphe ngeso lokhozi izinhlelo zayo eminyakeni ezayo kuze kufikwe kowezi-2030. Lo mnyango uhlinzekwe ngezigidi ezingama-R78.2 ukuhlaziya nokukala umthelela weNDP emazingeni omphakathi. Uhlinzekwe ngezigidi ezingama-R66.2 wokucubungula iminyango kahulumeni kanye nongqongqoshe ukuthi sebehambe ibanga elingakanani ukwenza iNDP ibe yimpumelelo. Kuthi isamba esiyizigidi eziyi-R113.4 sizosetshenziselwa ukuhlela izindlela ezintsha zokuphuthumisa impumelelo yeNDP bese kuthi izigidigidi ezi-R2.4 zizonikezwa iStatistics SA ezokhiqiza ubufakazi bokusebenza kweNDP obuzosetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni inqubomgomo ezobhekelela isikhathi esizayo.
Ukulandela kweNDP emva kwe-ASGISA kuchaza ukuthi lolu hlelo lufike usuqalile umbhidlango wokukhuculula izinto ezingathiba impumelelo yayo, nakuba lezi zinkinga kusabikwa ngazo. Ngokwezinhloso ze-ASGISA, kwakumele iqhubeke lapho okwahluleka khona iRDP neGEAR ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni ububha nokwakha amathuba emisebenzi. Kwakuhloswe ukuthi kushaye unyaka wezi-2014 isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi sesehliswe ngohhafu. Ngokwezibalo zabacwaningi bezimo eziphathelene neNingizimu Afrika, nabo abayingxenye yeNational Planning Committee yeNDP, iStatistics South Africa, izinga lokungabibikho kwemsebenzi kuleli licishe lifane naseminyakeni eli-15 edlule. Ukungabibikho kwemisebenzi kunyuke ngamaphesenti angama-26.40 kunyangantathu wokuqala nonyaka, kusuka emaphesentini angama-24.30 kunyangantathu wokuqala ngowezi-2014. Kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2000 izinga lokungabibikho kwemisebenzi lingamaphesenti angama-25.27 kanti ligcine ukwehlela kumaphesenti angama-21.50 ngonyaka wezi-2008.
Ukuhluleka ukuletha izidingo emphakathini, ukwakha amathuba emisebenzi, ukungathuthukiswa kwezinga lezemfundo kanye nokuntengantenga kwesimo somnotho sekubangele iqembu elihola uhulumeni, i-ANC, ingcindezi njengoba kwehlisa amavoti eminyakeni edlule.
Njengoba kusondela ukhetho lohulumeni basekhaya oluzoba ngonyaka ozayo (2016), iqembu elibusayo libhekwe yinselelo yokubuyisa abavoti asebelahlekile ngoba ukwehla kwesibalo sabavoti noma ukulahlekelwa ngomasipala kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinhlelo zeNDP ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene.
Iminyango, izinhlaka zikahulumeni, kanye nemikhandlu kamasipala babekelwe umsebenzi wokuguqula isimo sempilo eNingizimu Afrika. I-NDP inenselelo yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yakuleli iyibeke ezingeni lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abantu basenenkinga yamanzi, ugesi kanye nezokuthutha kubalwa nemigwaqo.
Inhloso yeNDP ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda emphakathini, ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamabhakede ukukha amanzi, ngokulethela abantu amanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza nokuthuthwa kwendle. UNgqongqoshe uNomvula Mokonyane, enkulumeni yakhe yesabelomali ngonyaka wezi-2014 wathi uhulumeni uzoqala izinhlelo ezintsha zokugqugquzela imizamo yohulumeni bezifundazwe yokulungisa kabusha ingqalasizinda yokuhambisa amanzi.
Esifundazweni esisenyakatho yeNingizimu Afrika, iLimpopo inkinga yamanzi ibidle lubi ngowezi-2014, nokwaphoqa ukuthi kuvulwe idamu elisha iDe Hoop eladla izigidigidi ezi-R3. Ngokombiko weRight to Access Sufficient Water and Decent Sanitation owethulwa yiSA Human Rights Commision ngonyaka wezi-2014 kwavela ukuthi kulesi sifundazwe amaphesenti angama-27 abantu ngowezi-2011 abengatholi ngisho iconsi lamanzi ezindlini nokwaholela ekutheni kwakhiwe leli damu.
Kwezemfundo, okungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze umnotho ukhule, iNDP inezinhlelo zokuzithuthukisa. Ngonyaka wezi-2013, uMnyango WezeMfundo wazifaka ehlazweni kudingeka ukuthi uze udonselwe enkantolo ngaphambi kokuthi usungule inqubomgomo ngezinga isikole ngasinye okumele sibe kulo ngokomthetho.
Umnyango kwadingeka ukuthi ushicilele izinkambiso nemigomo emva kokuyiswa enkantolo inhlangano i-Equal Education kulandela ukuhluleka kukaNgqongqoshe u-Angie Motshekga ukuzikhiqiza.
Lolu shicilelo lokuqala ngqa emlandweni wezemfundo lubeka ukuthi zonke izikole kumele zibe namanzi, ugesi, ezokuxhuma nge-inthanethi, amathoyilethe asebenzayo, amagumbi okufundela aphephile, isibalo sabafundi abangena kuwo okumele sigcine ema-40, onogada, umtapolwazi, amagumbi okucwaninga isayensi kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo. Kumanje zingamaphesenti angama-46 kuphela izikole ezihambisana nale nqubomgomo kanti uMnyango WezeMfundo uhlose ukuthi kushaye unyaka wezi-2019 amaphesenti esenyukele kwangama-96.
Iminyango ngokuhlukana kwayo ibekelwe imisebenzi yokwenza iNDP ibe yimpumelelo ngokusebenzisana nomasipala bemiphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi ngezigidi eziyi-13 kusukela ngowezi-2010 kuya ezigidini ezingama- 24 ngowezi-2030. Kuyobuye kukhushulwe imihp;p ephansi isuke ku-R50 000 iye ku-R120 000 ngowezi-2030. Ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwesimo somnotho esivumela ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi, ukuqashwa kwazisebenzi kanye nohlaka lwezamabhizinisi oluqashelwe.
Amakhono okusebenza kanye nezikhala zomsebenzi kumele kuveze isithombe esiphelele ngokuhluka kwezinhlanga, ubulili kanye nokukhubazeka kuleli. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abantu bahlala ngokuphepha futhi kube nobumbano emiphakathini kulungiswe ukungalingani okwadalwa umbuso wangaphambilini. Kube nesiqiniseko sokuthi liyathuthukiswa izwe ngokomnotho kanye namalungelo esintu.
Lonyaka esikuwo ngowesithathu yathulwa ngokusemthethweni iNDP kanti uhulumeni uzinikeza iminyaka eli-15 ukuthi uphumelele ezifisweni zenqubomgomo yezomnotho. Kusazoshayisana imibono ephalamende ngempumelelo noma ukuhluleka kwayo. Emphakathini nasemisebenzini imibhikisho yezidingo zabantu izoncika ezithembisweni zeNDP. Abantu basemakhaya bazothuthelekela emadolobheni ngesithembiso nenkolelo yokuthola impilo engcono. Konke lokhu kuthinta uhlelo lweNDP. Amehlo akake umbombo, athe njo, afuna ukubona ngokusebenza kwalo.
